Ibintu ukeneye kumenya kuri Kanseri y'amaraso - Ntutinye, reka tubiganireho!

Iyo twumvise ijambo "kanseri," twese dushya ubwoba, si byo se? Iyo twumvise ijambo "kanseri y'amaraso," dushobora kumva dufite ubwoba burushijeho. Ariko ni ngombwa cyane kumenya icyo ari cyo, impamvu itera, ibimenyetso byayo, ndetse niba hari uburyo bwo kuyivura. Hanyuma ushobora guhangana n'iki kibazo nta bwoba bukenewe. Rero, uyu munsi turaganira kuri iyi kanseri y'amaraso mu buryo bworoshye, mu buryo ushobora gusobanukirwa.

Kanseri y'amaraso ni iki? Ni iki kiba mu mubiri wacu?

Muri make, kanseri y'amaraso ni indwara igira ingaruka ku turemangingo dukora amaraso mu mubiri wacu ndetse n'uburyo utwo turemangingo dukora. Inyinshi muri izi kanseri z'amaraso zitangirira mu musokoro w'amagufwa yacu. Umusokoro w'amagufwa ni ikintu cyoroshye, kimeze nk'ikironge kiri mu magufwa yacu. Uyu musokoro w'amagufwa niho umubiri wacu ukorera uturemangingo tw'amagufwa. Utwo turemangingo tw'amagufwa nyuma tuba uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutya:

• Uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso: Utu ni two dutwara umwuka wa ogisijeni mu mibiri yacu yose. Tubafate nk'amakamyo mato atwara ubuzima mu bice byose by'umubiri wacu.
• Uturemangingo tw'amaraso: Aba ni nk'abasirikare barwanya indwara n'imikorobe byinjira mu mibiri yacu.
• Platelets: Izi zifasha guhagarika kuva amaraso iyo hari igikomere.

Noneho, iyo kanseri y'amaraso itangiye, ku mpamvu runaka, inzira yo gukora utwo turemangingo tw'amaraso irahinduka. Uturemangingo twa kanseri twibasirwa n'iyo ndwara ntidushobora gukora akazi nk'uko uturemangingo dusanzwe tw'amaraso dukora. Ahubwo, utwo turemangingo tudasanzwe twa kanseri twigabanyamo kabiri kandi tudashobora kugenzurwa, tugapfukirana uturemangingo tw'amaraso twiza kandi tugakomeretsa umubiri wose. Ni nk'ibyatsi bibi bikura bigatwikira ibimera byiza.

Kanseri y'amaraso ni indwara ikomeye, nibyo koko. Ariko inkuru nziza ni uko abantu benshi ubu barimo gukira kanseri y'amaraso, cyangwa bakabaho neza n'iyi ndwara.

Ese hari ubwoko bwa kanseri y'amaraso? Ni ubuhe?

Yego, hari ubwoko butatu bw'ingenzi bwa kanseri y'amaraso. Buri bwoko bufite ubwoko butandukanye.

1. Leukemia: Iyi ni yo kanseri y'amaraso ikunze kugaragara cyane, cyane cyane mu bwana. Uturemangingo twa leukemia dutangirira mu musemburo w'amagufwa. Kuva aho, dushobora gukwirakwira mu maraso. Akenshi, utu tuba ari uturemangingo tw'umweru tudakuze.

2. Lymphoma: Iyi ni kanseri itera mu mikorere yacu ya lymphatic. Uturemangingo twa lymphoma dutangirana n'ubwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso tw'umweru twitwa lymphocytes. Utwo turemangingo twa kanseri dushobora gukora ibibyimba ahantu nka lymph nodes zacu. Lymphoma ya Hodgkin na Lymphoma itari iya Hodgkin ni zo nkomoko ebyiri z'ingenzi.

3. Myeloma: Iyi nayo ni kanseri itangirira mu musemburo w'amagufwa. Yibasira ubwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso tw'umweru twitwa plasma. Myeloma nyinshi ni yo ikunze kugaragara cyane.

Uretse ubwo bwoko bw'ingenzi, hari n'ubundi bwoko bwa kanseri y'amaraso budakunze kugaragara:

• Indwara za Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN): Iyi kanseri ituma umwongo w'amagufwa yawe ukora uturemangingo tw'umweru twinshi, uturemangingo dutukura, cyangwa uduce duto tw'amaraso kuruta uko bikenewe.
• Indwara ya Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS): Muri iki kibazo, umwongo w'amagufwa yawe utera uturemangingo tw'amaraso tudasanzwe. Hari igihe utwo turemangingo tw'amaraso tudakura neza, ari nayo mpamvu tuba tudasanzwe. Utwo turemangingo tudakuze nanone twitwa blasts.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'iyi ndwara?

Ibimenyetso bya kanseri y'amaraso bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'ubwoko bwa kanseri, ariko hari ibimenyetso by'ingenzi ugomba kwitondera muri rusange:

• Kumva unaniwe cyane (Umunaniro): Si umunaniro gusa, ahubwo ni umunaniro ukabije udashira uko waba usinziriye kose.
• Guhumeka nabi: Ndetse no gukora akazi gato bishobora gutuma wumva unaniwe guhumeka neza.
• Utudomo tw’imitsi tubyimba: Kubyimba nta bubabare ahantu nko mu ijosi, mu kwaha no mu kibuno.
• Kwandura indwara kenshi: Kwandura indwara bibaho kenshi bitewe nuko uturemangingo tw’umubiri twirinda indwara tuba twacitse intege.

Uretse ibi, hashobora kubaho n'ibindi bimenyetso:

• Kubabara umubiri, cyane cyane ububabare bw'amagufwa.
• Kubira ibyuya nijoro: Kugeza aho amashuka anyura.
• Umwijima cyangwa urwagashya.
• Kubabara ingingo.
• Umuriro udashira.
• Kugabanya ibiro mu buryo budasanzwe.
• Gukomereka cyangwa kuva amaraso bidasanzwe, kuva amaraso ndetse no ku gasebe gato, utudomo duto dutukura (petechiae) cyangwa utudomo tw'umuhengeri (purpura) ku ruhu.

Icy'ingenzi ni uko, ntugatinye ko urwaye kanseri kubera ko ufite kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi bimenyetso. Ibi bishobora no kuba ibimenyetso by'izindi ndwara zisanzwe. Ariko niba ibi bimenyetso bikomeje mu gihe kirenze ibyumweru bike, ni byiza cyane kujya kwa muganga no kwisuzumisha.

Kuki iyi kanseri y'amaraso itera? Ni iyihe mpamvu?

Impamvu nyamukuru itera kanseri y'amaraso ni impinduka (mutations) muri 'DNA' y'uturemangingo tw'amaraso. Muri make, '(DNA)' ni nk'"ikigo cy'ubugenzuzi" gitanga amabwiriza ku turemangingo twacu. Ikintu cyose kigena igihe uturemangingo tw'amaraso tugomba gukura, igihe tugomba kwigabanyamo ibice, n'igihe tugomba gupfa kigenwa n'amabwiriza atangwa n'iyi '(DNA)'.

Rero, iyo amabwiriza atari yo yanditse muri iyi `(DNA)`, ni ukuvuga ko iyo habayeho `(mutation)`, uturemangingo tw’amaraso tudasanzwe dutangira kwirema mu mubiri wacu. Utwo turemangingo tudasanzwe dutangira kwigabanyamo kabiri vuba kandi mu buryo butunguranye kurusha uturemangingo tusanzwe. Iyo ibyo bibaye, uturemangingo tw’amaraso twiza kandi dusanzwe turarengerwa buhoro buhoro, maze sisitemu yuzuyemo uturemangingo twinshi tudasanzwe.

Amaherezo, umubare w'uturemangingo dusanzwe tukorwa n'umusemburo w'amagufwa uragabanuka. Ibi bivuze ko nta turemangingo twiza duhagije dukora akazi k'ingenzi ku mubiri.

Ni ibihe bintu bishobora gutera kanseri y'amaraso?

Hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe byongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'amaraso. Ibyo ni ibi bikurikira:

• Imyaka: Ingaruka ziyongera uko imyaka igenda ishira.
• Igitsina: Abagabo bafite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara kanseri y'amaraso.
• Kunywa itabi: Abantu banywa itabi cyangwa banywa itabi ry’inkongi y’umuriro bari mu kaga gakomeye.
• Guhura n'ibinyabutabire by'uburozi: Guhura n'ibinyabutabire nka `(Benzene)` na `(Formaldehyde)` igihe kirekire bishobora kongera ibyago. Ibi byago biri hejuru ku bantu bakorera ahantu nk'inganda.
• Uburyo bwo kuvura kanseri mbere: Niba warigeze guhabwa imiti nka chimiotherapie cyangwa radiation therapy, ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'amaraso bishobora kwiyongera gato.
• Amateka y'umuryango: Hari ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa kanseri y'amaraso bugaragara mu miryango. Ariko, si buri wese urwaye kanseri y'amaraso ufite amateka y'iyi ndwara mu muryango we.
• Indwara zimwe na zimwe: Abantu bafite indwara zimwe na zimwe ziterwa n’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri (indwara zifata uturemangingo tw’umubiri), ububyimbirwe budakira, n’izindi ndwara zimwe na zimwe ziterwa n’uturemangingo baba bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri y’amaraso.

Ese hari icyo twakora kugira ngo tugabanye iyi ngaruka?

Mu by’ukuri, kanseri y’amaraso si indwara ishobora kwirindwa burundu. Ndetse n’umuntu muzima udafite ibimenyetso by’indwara ashobora kurwara kanseri y’amaraso. Ariko, iyo wirinze zimwe mu mpamvu zishobora gutera kanseri, nko kwirinda kunywa itabi, ibyago bishobora kugabanuka ku rugero runaka.

Ni gute abaganga basuzuma iyi ndwara? (Isuzuma)

Niba ufite ibi bimenyetso, muganga abanza kukubaza ibimenyetso byawe, amateka y'ubuzima bwawe, ndetse niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe wigeze kugira ibi bibazo. Hanyuma azakora isuzuma ryuzuye ry'umubiri. Bitewe n'ubwoko bwa kanseri muganga akeka, bashobora gukenera gukora ibizamini bitandukanye.

• Ibipimo by'amaraso:
• Umubare wuzuye w'amaraso (CBC): Ibi bireba urugero ruri hasi cyangwa ruri hejuru rw'uturemangingo dutukura, uturemangingo twera, na plaquettes mu maraso.
• `Ikizamini cya shimi y'amaraso`: Iki gikorwa gisuzuma poroteyine zimwe na zimwe na enzymes mu maraso. Ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso bya kanseri y'amaraso.
• Ibizamini byo gupima: Ibi bishobora kureba ibimenyetso bya kanseri mu mubiri. Ingero z'ibi bizamini zirimo CT scans, MRI scans, na PET scans.
• Isuzuma ry’amagufwa y’umusemburo: Muganga wawe azafata urugero ruto rw’umusemburo w’amagufwa yawe maze awusuzume. Ibi bizafasha kureba umubare w’uturemangingo twa kanseri tudasanzwe turiho ugereranije n’uturemangingo dusanzwe, ndetse no kureba niba hari impinduka muri ADN zishobora gutera kanseri.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura kanseri y'amaraso?

Ku bw'amahirwe, ubu hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kuvura kanseri y'amaraso bugezweho. Dore bumwe mu buryo bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura:

• Ubumenyi bw'imiti ikoresha imiti igabanya ubukana:Ubu ni bwo buryo bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura kanseri y'amaraso. Bukora mu gusenya uturemangingo twa kanseri no kugenzura ikwirakwira ry'indwara, cyangwa kuyikuraho burundu. Ubwoko butandukanye bw'imiti ya "Chimiotherapy" ikoreshwa ku bwoko butandukanye bwa kanseri y'amaraso.
• Ubuvuzi bushingiye ku mirasire: Ubu buvuzi bukoresha imirasire ifite ingufu nyinshi kugira ngo bwangize ADN y'uturemangingo tudasanzwe kandi buhagarike kwigabanyamo ibice. Hari igihe ubu buvuzi butangwa kugira ngo bugabanye ibimenyetso (Palliative Care). Akenshi butangwa hamwe n'ubundi buvuzi.
• Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri: Ibi bifasha mu gukomeza ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe kugira ngo biwufashe kurwanya kanseri. Ubudahangarwa bwa Monoclonal na CAR T-cell Therapy ni uburyo buzwi cyane bwo kuvura ibi.
• Uburyo bwo kuvura hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga: Iyi miti yagenewe kwibasira no kurwanya intege nke runaka mu turemangingo twa kanseri ziterwa n'impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo.
• Gutera uturemangingo tw’umugongo:
• Gutera uturemangingo tw’ingirabuzimafatizo mu mubiri wawe: Muri ibi, abaganga bakusanya kandi bakabika uturemangingo tw’ingirabuzimafatizo mu musokoro wawe mbere yo kuguha imiti ya chimiotherapie ihanitse. Nyuma y’uko imiti ya chimiotherapie yica uturemangingo twa kanseri, uturemangingo tw’ingirabuzimafatizo tuzima dusubizwa mu mubiri wawe. Hanyuma tugakora uturemangingo tw’amaraso tuzima.
• Gutera uturemangingo tw’igufwa twa Allogeneic: Hari igihe biba ngombwa gusimbuza uturemangingo tw’igufwa twangiritse n’utundi duto tw’igufwa. Muri iki gihe, abaganga bashaka umuntu utanga uturemangingo tw’igufwa ukwiriye kandi bagakoresha uturemangingo twabo kugira ngo basimbure uturemangingo twangiritse.

Ni ryari wifuza kongera kubonana na muganga?

Muganga wawe azakubwira ibimenyetso cyangwa ibimenyetso ugomba kwitaho nyuma yo kuvurwa. Uburyo bwose bwo kuvura kanseri bushobora gutera ingaruka mbi, zimwe muri zo zishobora kuba zikomeye. Muganga wawe azagusobanurira uburyo ushobora guhangana na zimwe muri izi ngaruka mbi uri mu rugo. Azakubwira kandi igihe ugomba gukora gahunda yo gukurikirana cyangwa gushaka ubuvuzi bwihutirwa.

Ese kanseri y'amaraso ishobora gukira burundu?

Yego! Kenshi na kenshi, intego yo kuvura kanseri y'amaraso ni ugukiza indwara burundu. Ibyo bivuze ko kanseri iba yashize burundu kandi ntizongera kugaruka. Nubwo rimwe na rimwe gukira burundu bidashoboka, ubu ubuvuzi bugezweho butuma ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa kanseri y'amaraso bugera mu mimerere yitwa "remission." "Remission" bivuze ko ubuvuzi bwagabanyije kanseri kugeza aho itakigaragara kandi idashobora kumenyekana hakoreshejwe ibizamini. Ibyo bivuze ko ushobora kubaho ubuzima busanzwe kandi bwiza hamwe n'iyi ndwara.

Ni iki gipimo cy'ubuzima bwa kanseri y'amaraso?

Igipimo cy'abakira indwara kiratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bwa kanseri, ariko abantu benshi bashobora kwitega kubaho igihe kirekire nk'icy'umuntu udafite kanseri y'amaraso.

Wibuke ko nta muntu ushobora guhanura neza igihe umuntu azamara. Urugero, ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa kanseri y'amaraso bwica kurusha ubundi. Nanone, iyi mibare y'abarokotse ntabwo yita ku ntambwe y'ubuvuzi bugezweho. Mu by'ukuri, umubare w'abantu barokotse lymphoma wikubye kabiri mu myaka 40 ishize. Kandi igipimo cy'imyaka itanu ku bantu barokotse leukemia cyikubye kane mu myaka 40 ishize! Abantu benshi bakira kanseri y'amaraso buri munsi.

Ni iki nakora kugira ngo ndusheho kumva meze neza?

Kanseri y'amaraso n'uburyo ivurwa bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe muri rusange. Dore bimwe mu bintu byagufasha kuguma umeze neza:

• Kurya indyo yuzuye kandi ikungahaye ku ntungamubiri. Kanseri y'amaraso n'uburyo ivurwa na yo bishobora gutera kubura ubushake bwo kurya. Niba ugorwa no kurya, ganira n'inzobere mu mirire ku buryo wabona intungamubiri ukeneye.
• Komeza gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri uko bishoboka kose. Imyitozo ngororamubiri ni ingenzi, ariko baza muganga wawe urwego rw'imyitozo ngororamubiri ushobora gukora mu mutekano.
• Shyira ikiruhuko imbere. Tega amatwi umubiri wawe. Humura igihe cyose ubikeneye, ntabwo ari igihe wumva unaniwe gusa.
• Irinde kwandura. Baza muganga wawe uburyo bwo kwirinda kurwara (urugero: kwirinda ahantu hahurira abantu benshi, gukaraba intoki kenshi).
• Wite ku buzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe. Mu bihe bigoye nk'ibi, kuganira n'umuvuzi cyangwa kujya mu itsinda ry'abaterankunga bishobora kuba isoko ikomeye y'imbaraga. Bishobora kandi kugufasha guhangana n'ubuzima nyuma ya kanseri.

Kubera uburyo bushya bwo kuvura, abantu benshi ubu babana na kanseri y'amaraso kurusha mbere hose. Kandi abantu benshi basanzwemo kanseri y'amaraso barakize. Iyi ni inkuru nziza. Ariko kanseri y'amaraso iracyari indwara ikomeye. Bityo rero ni ngombwa kubyaza umusaruro ubufasha bwose n'ibikoresho bihari. Sobanukirwa uburyo bwose bwo kuvura. Vugana na muganga wawe ku kuntu indwara yawe n'uburyo bwo kuyivura bizagira ingaruka ku hazaza hawe.

Ubutumwa bwa nyuma bwo kujyana mu rugo

Kanseri y'amaraso ni ijambo riteye ubwoba. Ariko ibuka ibi bintu:

• Ubumenyi ni imbaraga ikomeye. Ni ngombwa cyane kumenya neza iby'iyi ndwara n'uburyo ivurwa.
• Muri iki gihe, hari uburyo bwiza cyane bwo kuvura kanseri y'amaraso. Abantu benshi barakira neza cyangwa bakabaho neza iyo ndwara iri mu nzira yo kuyirwanya.
• Niba ufite ibimenyetso, jya kwa muganga vuba.
• Ganira na muganga wawe ku mugaragaro byose mu gihe cyo kuvurwa.Baza ibibazo byawe byose n'ubwoba bwawe.
• Nturi wenyine. Shaka ubufasha ku muryango, inshuti, abakozi b'abaganga, n'amatsinda y'abaterankunga.

Ndizera ko aya makuru azaba ingirakamaro kuri wewe. Komeza ugire ubuzima bwiza!

Kanseri y'amaraso , Leukemia, Lymphoma, Myeloma, Ibimenyetso bya Kanseri, Uburyo bwo kuvura Kanseri