Ubwonko bwacu ni bwo buyobora umubiri wacu wose kandi bukatugira abo turi bo. Tekereza gato, ukuntu ari urugingo rugoye kandi rutangaje. Ubwonko bwacu, butunganya amakuru abarirwa muri za miriyoni ku isegonda, bumeze nka mudasobwa ikomeye. Ariko, kimwe n'izindi ngingo zose mu mubiri, ubwonko bwacu bushobora kwibasirwa n'indwara zitandukanye, indwara zandura, impanuka, n'izindi ndwara. None rero uyu munsi, reka tuvuge ku ndwara zigira ingaruka kuri ubwo bwonko n'ibimenyetso byazo.
Ubwoko bw'indwara zo mu bwonko
Hari igihe mikorobe zitandukanye, nka bagiteri na virusi, zishobora kwinjira mu bwonko bwacu zigatera indwara. Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ingenzi bwazo.
- Meningite: Muri make, iyi ni indwara yo mu bwonko. Ni ukubyimba kw'uturemangingo turinda ubwonko n'umugongo. Ishobora guterwa na virusi (nk'udukoko), bagiteri, ibihumyo, cyangwa udukoko. Ibimenyetso birimo kuribwa umutwe cyane, ijosi rikomeye, umuriro, no kwitiranya ibintu .
- Encephalitis: Iyi ni indwara ifata ubwonko. Virusi zandurira mu mibu n'udusimba zishobora kuba impamvu nyamukuru. Ibimenyetso bya mbere birimo umuriro, kubabara imitsi, kubabara ingingo, umunaniro, no kuribwa umutwe. Hari abantu bashobora no gutakaza kwibuka cyangwa guhinduka mu mico .
- Uburibwe bw'ubwonko: Iyi ni indwara aho ikibyimba cyuzuye amabyi gitangira mu bwonko. Ibi ni bibi cyane kuko bishobora guhagarika amaraso ajya mu bwonko bigatuma ubwonko bubyimba. Ibi bishobora gusaba kubagwa byihutirwa kugira ngo amabyi akurweho. Ibimenyetso birimo kugira ibinya ku ruhande rumwe rw'umubiri, kunanirwa kuvuga cyangwa kugenda, guhinduka mu maso, no kuribwa umutwe cyane .
Indwara zo mu mutwe n'igicuri
Uturemangingo tw’ubwonko bwacu tubwirana binyuze mu bimenyetso by’amashanyarazi bito cyane. Iyo iyi nzira y’amashanyarazi ihungabanye kubera impamvu runaka, umuntu ashobora 'gufatwa n’indwara' cyangwa gukubita.
Indwara nyamukuru itera indwara zo mu mutwe kenshi muri ubu buryo ni igicuri . Ibi rimwe na rimwe bishobora kuba umurage. Indwara zo mu mutwe zishobora no guterwa n'indwara zo mu bwonko, indwara zo mu bwonko , cyangwa ibikomere bikomeye byo mu mutwe.
Ibimenyetso by'igicuri biratandukanye. Hari igihe bishobora kuba bitoroshye nko kureba gusa nta kintu . Hari n'igihe bishobora kuba birimo kugenda k'umubiri mu buryo butunguranye, guhinda umushyitsi, cyangwa guta ubwenge.Hari kandi ibimenyetso bikomeye nko. Kubera ko ubu hari uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura iyi ndwara, iyi ndwara ishobora kugenzurwa no kubonana na muganga no gushaka ubuvuzi bukwiye.
Ibikomere byo mu mutwe (Ihungabana) n'ingaruka ku bwonko
Gukomereka bikomeye mu mutwe (gukomereka mu mutwe) bishobora kwangiza ubwonko mu buryo butandukanye.
- Kubabara mu bwonko : Ibi ni nk'igisebe ku bwonko. Bishobora guterwa n'impanuka y'imodoka, kugwa, cyangwa gukubitwa umutwe mu gihe ukina siporo. Hari igihe ibimenyetso bigaragara ako kanya, ubundi bikagaragara nyuma y'iminsi mike.
| Ibimenyetso by'indwara yo mu bwonko | |
|---|---|
| Ibiranga abantu bakuru | Ibiranga abana bato |
| Kuribwa umutwe cyane | Kurira kenshi, kubura amahoro |
| Kuzungera, gutakaza uburimbane | Kuruka |
| Ihinduka ry'amaso, ijwi riturika mu matwi | Gutegereza mu ituze |
| Ibibazo byo kwibuka no kwita ku bintu | Kwanga kunywa amata |
| Impinduka mu gusinzira (kubura ibitotsi cyangwa gusinzira cyane) | Kugorwa no kubyuka |
Niba umwana wawe akubiswe umutwe ahantu runaka, ntukirengagize. Mujyane kwa muganga nta kabuza.
- Ihungabana ry'ubwonko (TBI): Ihungabana ry'ubwonko naryo ni ubwoko bwa TBI. Ariko, rishobora guterwa n'ibikomere bikomeye kurushaho, nko kurasa cyangwa guturika kw'ibisasu. Ihungabana rikomeye ry'ubwonko rishobora gutera ibimenyetso nko kuribwa umutwe igihe kirekire, kuruka, amasohoro yagutse, amazi ava mu matwi cyangwa mu mazuru, no gucika intege .
Ibibyimba byo mu bwonko, ububyimba, n'umuvuduko mwinshi w'amaraso
Iki cyiciro kirimo indwara zijyanye n'imikurire idasanzwe mu bwonko n'umuvuduko ukomoka kuri iyo ndwara.
- Ibibyimba byo mu bwonko: Ibi bishobora kuba kanseri (itera kanseri) cyangwa idafite kanseri (itera kanseri). Nubwo byaba atari kanseri, iyo ikibyimba gikuriye mu mwanya muto mu gahanga, gishobora guteza ibibazo bikomeye iyo gikandagiye ku ngingo z’ubwonko zimeze neza. Ibimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo kuribwa umutwe iminsi myinshi, kugorwa no kugenda, gucika intege mu kuboko kumwe cyangwa ukuguru kumwe, impinduka mu kureba, n’impinduka mu miterere y’umuntu . Glioblastoma ni ubwoko bwa kanseri yo mu bwonko ikura vuba cyane kandi ikaze.
- Hydrocephalus: Ubwonko bwacu bukikijwe n'amazi yitwa cerebrospinal fluid . Ibi ni byo bitunga ubwonko kandi bigakuraho imyanda. Iyo amazi asohoka mu gahanga afunze, yiyongera umuvuduko w'amaraso. Ku mwana muto, ushobora kubona ibimenyetso nko kugira umutwe mwinshi cyangwa ahantu horoshye ku gahanga . Ku muntu ukuze, ushobora kugira ingorane zo kugenda no kwibagirwa .
Indwara z'imitsi
Ubwonko bwakira umwuka wa ogisijeni n'intungamubiri mu maraso. Iyo hari ikibazo ku mitsi itwara amaraso muri iyo mitsi, gishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere y'ubwonko.
- Indwara yo gucika kw'amaraso: Ibi bibaho iyo amaraso atembera mu gice cy'ubwonko ahagaze mu buryo butunguranye. Ibi bitera kwangirika kw'uturemangingo tw'ubwonko muri icyo gice. Indwara yo gucika kw'amaraso ibaho iyo amaraso apfutse umuyoboro w'amaraso mu bwonko. Indwara yo gucika kw'amaraso ibaho iyo umuyoboro w'amaraso mu bwonko uturitse ukava amaraso.
Iyo ubonye kimwe mu bimenyetso by'indwara yo mu bwonko, ni ikibazo cyihutirwa. Umurwayi agomba kujyanwa mu bitaro byita ku barwayi ba ETU vuba. Uko ubuvuzi butangwa vuba, ni ko amahirwe yo gukira aba menshi.
| Ibimenyetso byihutirwa by’indwara yo gucika kw'imitsi |
|---|
| Kuribwa umutwe bikabije mu buryo butunguranye |
| Gucika intege cyangwa intege nke ku ruhande rumwe rw'umubiri (mu maso, ku kuboko, cyangwa ku kuguru) |
| Kugorwa no kuvuga, kuvuga amagambo make |
| Ihinduka ry'amaso mu jisho rimwe cyangwa yombi |
| Kugorwa no kugenda mu buryo butunguranye, kuzungera, no kubura uburinganire |
- Indwara y'ihungabana ry'igihe gito (TIA): Ibi bizwi kandi nka 'mini-stroke'. Ibi bibaho iyo amaraso apfutse umutsi w'amaraso mu bwonko by'agateganyo. Nubwo ibimenyetso bisa n'iby'indwara y'ihahamuka, akenshi birashira mu masaha 24. Ariko, TIA ni ikimenyetso cy'indwara ikomeye y'ihahamuka.
- Aneurysm yo mu bwonko: Iki ni igihe urukuta rw'imitsi y'amaraso mu bwonko rucika intege kandi rukabyimba nk'umupira w'amapine. Iyo ibi bituritse, bishobora gutera indwara yo kuva amaraso mu bwonko.
Iyo ubwirinzi bw'umubiri bwibasira ubwonko (Autoimmune Conditions)
Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu bwagenewe kuturinda mikorobe. Ariko rimwe na rimwe, ubu buryo butangira kwibasira uturemangingo twacu twiza. Ibi byitwa indwara zishingiye ku bushobozi bw'umubiri bwo kwirwanaho.
- Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Muri iyi ndwara, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwangiza igipfundikizo cy'uburinzi (myelin) gikikije uturemangingo tw'imitsi mu bwonko no mu ruti rw'umugongo. Ibi bibangamira itumanaho hagati y'ubwonko n'umubiri wose. Ibimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo kugira ibinya cyangwa intege nke mu kuboko cyangwa ukuguru, kugorwa no kugenda, kubona kabiri, no kuvuga nabi .
Indwara zo kwangirika kw'imitsi (indwara aho ubwonko bugenda bucika intege buhoro buhoro uko igihe kigenda gihita)
Ibi bivuga itsinda ry'indwara aho uturemangingo tw'ubwonko dusenyuka buhoro buhoro uko igihe kigenda gihita, bigatuma imikorere y'ubwonko igabanuka.
- Indwara ya Parkinson: Gutakaza uturemangingo tw'imitsi mu gace runaka k'ubwonko bigira ingaruka ku mikorere n'imikorere y'umubiri. Ibimenyetso birimo gutitira, gukomera no gutinda k'imigendere.Bishobora kuba ibimenyetso bya mbere.
- Dementia: Iyi si indwara ubwayo, ahubwo ni uruhurirane rw'ibimenyetso. Igira ingaruka cyane cyane ku bushobozi bwo gutekereza no kwibuka. Ushobora guhura n'ibintu nko kwibagirwa ibintu biherutse kubaho, kugorwa no kubona amagambo akwiye, kugorwa no gutegura ibintu, ndetse no guhinduka mu miterere y'umuntu .
- Indwara ya Alzheimer: Iyi ni yo mpamvu ikomeye itera indwara yo kwiheba mu bantu bakuze. Kutagira poroteyine zidasanzwe mu bwonko bituma uturemangingo tw’ubwonko dutangira gupfa.
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS): Iyi ndwara isenya imitsi igenzura imitsi. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, umubiri ushobora gucika intege ntushobore guhumeka wonyine.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Ubwonko bwacu ni urugingo rugoye cyane kandi rw'ingenzi, kandi rushobora kwangirika bitewe n'indwara zitandukanye.
- Ntukirengagize ibimenyetso nko kuribwa umutwe, isereri, ibinya, ibibazo byo kwibuka no kunanirwa kuvuga. Ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by'indwara yo mu bwonko.
- Niba ibimenyetso by'indwara yo mu bwonko bigaragaye, hita ujyana umurwayi mu bitaro byita ku barwayi ba ETU. Guvurwa vuba bishobora kurokora ubuzima no gukumira ubumuga buhoraho.
- Niba wowe cyangwa umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ukeka ibimenyetso byavuzwe muri iyi nkuru, nyamuneka reba muganga w’umuryango wawe (umuganga) ako kanya kugira ngo akugire inama.
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