Ese tuvuge ku ndwara zo mu bwonko? Ese urabizi?

Ese wigeze wibaza uburyo ubwonko bwacu, bushobora gusa n'aho ari buke, bukora? Uru rugingo rutangaje rugenzura ibyo dutekereza, dukora, kandi twumva byose. Ariko rimwe na rimwe, ubwonko bushobora no kurwara indwara zitandukanye. Uyu munsi, tugiye kuvuga ku ndwara nk'izo zigira ingaruka ku bwonko, cyangwa (indwara z'ubwonko) . Ni ngombwa cyane kubimenya, kuko icyo gihe dushobora kumenya vuba izi ndwara no kubona inama z'abaganga.

Mu magambo make, ubwonko ni nk'ikigo cy'ingenzi cy'umubiri wacu. Si ugukura no gukura kwacu gusa, ahubwo n'imikorere yose y'umubiri igenzurwa n'ubwonko. Ikintu cyose utekereza, icyo wumva cyose, icyo ukora cyose gihera aho. Ubwonko ni kimwe mu bigize sisitemu yacu y'imitsi . Ni nk'ikibaho cy'imashini ya mudasobwa. Ni mu rusobe rw'imitsi aho amakuru yerekeye umubiri wacu n'isi yo hanze ajyanwa mu bwonko no mu ruti rw'umugongo . Ubwonko butunganya ibyo bimenyetso kandi bukohereza ibisubizo binyuze mu ruti rw'umugongo runyuze mu mitsi. Rero, hari indwara nyinshi zigira ingaruka kuri ubwo bwonko. Ibi bishobora guhindura imyitwarire y'umuntu, imico ye, ubushobozi bwo gusobanukirwa amakuru, n'ubushobozi bwo gukora imirimo ya buri munsi.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'indwara zo mu bwonko?

Mu by’ukuri hari ubwoko amagana bw’indwara zo mu bwonko. Zimwe muri zo ni nke cyane. Ariko reka tuvuge ku byiciro bimwe na bimwe by’ingenzi twese tugomba kumenya.

Indwara z'ubwonko ziterwa n'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri

Ibi bisa nkaho bitangaje gato, si byo se? Kwirinda indwara mu buryo bworoshye ni igihe ubwirinzi bw'umubiri wacu, abasirikare bagomba kuturinda indwara, butera ibice by'ubwonko bwacu . Batekereza ko ari umwanzi uturutse hanze.

• Urugero rwiza rw'ibi ni Multiple Sclerosis (MS) . Nk'uko insinga y'amashanyarazi ipfundikiyeho igitambaro cya pulasitiki, uturemangingo tw'imitsi yacu na two dufite igitambaro cyo kuyirinda. Muri MS, iki gitambaro kirangirika mu mitsi yo mu bwonko, mu ruti rw'umugongo no mu maso.
• Hariho kandi izindi ndwara zo mu bwonko ziterwa n’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri zisa na MS, ariko zidakunze kugaragara cyane.
• Izindi ndwara, nka encephalite y’umubiri, zishobora gutera kubyimba mu bwonko, bigatera kwibagirwa no gukubita ingingo ku bushake.

Indwara y'igicuri

Indwara yo gukubita igicuri , cyangwa nk'uko bamwe babyita, 'kugira igicuri', ni ikintu gikunze kugaragara mu gihe umuntu ahora agira igicuri . Indwara yo gukubita igicuri ni nk'umuyaga w'amashanyarazi mu bwonko.

• Ibi akenshi bikubiyemo gutakaza ubwenge no gukora ingendo z'umubiri zidacungwa.(gucika intege).
• Ariko hari indwara zo mu mutwe zidakabije cyane. Zishobora kuba ari ugutakaza ubwenge cyangwa kugenda buhoro buhoro kw'igice kimwe cy'umubiri.

Indwara zandurira mu mubiri

Kwandura indwara bibaho iyo ubwoko butandukanye bwa mikorobe, nka bagiteri na virusi, byinjiye mu bwonko bwacu cyangwa mu ruhu rw’uburinzi rukikije ubwonko.

• Meningite ni indwara ifata uturemangingo tw’uburinzi dukikije ubwonko. Ikunze gutera ibimenyetso nko kuribwa umutwe, urujijo no gukomera kw'ijosi.
• Hari igihe hakenerwa uburyo bwo gukubita umugongo kugira ngo hamenyekane neza ubwoko bw'udukoko dutera iyo ndwara. Icyo gihe ni bwo hashobora gutangwa imiti ivura indwara ikwiye.

Indwara zo mu mutwe

Indwara zo mu mutwe, imyitwarire, n'amarangamutima zishobora kugabanya ibyishimo by'umuntu mu buzima n'ubushobozi bwe bwo gukora imirimo ya buri munsi. Ubwoko bw'ingenzi bw'izo ndwara ni:

• Guhangayika
• Indwara ya Bipolar
• Ihungabana
• Indwara yo guhangayika nyuma yo guhungabana (PTSD)
Schizophrenia

Tekereza ko ubwonko bwawe bumeze nka mudasobwa, kandi ubwenge bwawe bumeze nka porogaramu ibukoresha. Mu yandi magambo, ubwenge bwawe ni bwo 'buryo bwo gukora' bw'ubwonko bwawe. Abahanga mu by'indwara zo mu mutwe n'abahanga mu by'imitekerereze bameze nk'abahanga mu bya porogaramu za mudasobwa bamenya impamvu iyi porogaramu idakora neza kandi igatera ibibazo.

Akenshi, ubuvuzi busaba imiti ndetse n'ubuvuzi bwo kuvuga. Hari abantu batinya kubonana n'inzobere mu by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe . Ariko si ko bimeze buri gihe. Indwara zo mu mutwe zifata umuntu umwe kuri batanu, bityo ni ngombwa kubivugaho no gushaka ubufasha.

Indwara zo mu bwonko zitera indwara z'imitsi

Izi ndwara zikunze guterwa n’ubwiyongere budasanzwe bwa poroteyine mu bwonko. Muri make, uturemangingo tw’ubwonko turangirika buhoro buhoro. Utwo turemangingo twiyongera buhoro buhoro. Iki cyiciro kirimo:

• Indwara ya Alzheimer
• Indwara ya Parkinson
• Indwara nyinshi nka ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) zivukanwa.

Ibi akenshi bigenda buhoro buhoro kandi bikarushaho kuba bibi uko igihe kigenda gihita. Bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mitekerereze, kwibuka, kugenda, cyangwa uruvange rwabyo. Bikunze kugaragara cyane ku bantu bakuze. Bimwe muri byo ni ibyo mu muryango.

Indwara z'imitsi

Izi ndwara zigira ingaruka ku mikurire n'iterambere ry'ubwonko, cyane cyane mu bwana. Ubusanzwe zivurwa n'inzobere mu by'imitsi y'abana. Hari igihe inzobere mu by'imiterere y'umubiri ishobora kumenya niba ari indwara ikomoka ku rurango. Niba ari uko bimeze, bashobora gutanga inama ku muryango. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bw'indwara z'imitsi, harimo:

• Indwara yo kudakora neza (ADHD)
• Indwara ya Autism Spectrum
• Kunanirwa gusoma (dislexia )

Igisebe cy'imitsi

Indwara yo gucika kw'imitsi, cyangwa 'ubumuga' nk'uko bamwe babyita, ibaho iyo umuyoboro w'amaraso utanga intungamubiri mu bwonko ufunze, cyangwa ugaturika gake cyane. Ariko, ingaruka zihita. Indwara yo gucika kw'imitsi yangiza igice cy'ubwonko. Ibi bishobora gutera ibibazo mu kuvuga, gusobanukirwa, kureba, imbaraga, kumva, cyangwa guhuza imikorere y'umubiri. Iyo ubwonko bwangiritse cyane kubera indwara imwe cyangwa nyinshi, bishobora gutera indwara yo kwibagirwa, indwara itera kwibagirwa . Hari igihe indwara yo gucika kw'imitsi ishobora gutera indwara yo gucika intege.

Ibikomere byo mu bwonko bikomeretse

Iki cyiciro kirimo ibintu byose kuva ku bikomere bito nko kubabara mu bwonko kugeza ku bikomere bikomeye byo mu bwonko nk'ibikomere by'amasasu. Ibikomere byo mu bwonko bishobora guterwa no kugwa, impanuka z'imodoka, impanuka za siporo, cyangwa ihohoterwa ryo mu ngo (harimo no guhohotera abana). Gukubitwa inshuro nyinshi ku mutwe bishobora gutera inkovu mu bwonko, indwara yitwa chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) . Abaganga b'imitsi bavura ibikomere no kuva amaraso mu bwonko. Abahanga mu by'imitekerereze, abaganga bo mu mutwe, n'abaganga b'imitsi bafasha mu bibazo by'imyitwarire n'ibyo gutekereza bivuka nyuma y'ibikomere byo mu bwonko. Abaganga b'imitsi banavura abantu bakomeretse.

Ibibyimba byo mu bwonko

Kanseri zivuka mu bindi bice by'umubiri, nko mu bihaha, mu ibere, cyangwa mu mara, zishobora gukwirakwira mu bwonko zikabyara ibibyimba. Cyangwa, izi kanseri zishobora kwibasira mu bwonko ubwabwo cyangwa mu bwonko.

• Bitandukanye n'ibibyimba bikwirakwira mu bindi bice by'umubiri, ibibyimba biba mu bwonko ubwabyo cyangwa mu mitsi bifatwa nk'ibitagira ingaruka mbi, bivuze ko bitagize ingaruka mbi , iyo bikuze mu buryo butunguranye kandi bitangiza ingirabuzimafatizo z'ubwonko zikikije.
• Ariko iyo bikura vuba kandi bikinjira mu bwonko bukikije, bifatwa nk'ibibyimba bibi, bivuze ko ari ibibyimba bikomeye kandi bya kanseri .
• Astrocytoma ni ikibyimba gisanzwe gikura mu bwonko. Meningioma ni ikibyimba gisanzwe gikura mu bwonko.

Iyi ndwara y'ubwonko ikunze kugaragara mu rugero rungana iki?

Indwara zo mu bwonko zigira ingaruka ku bantu benshi. Ariko ikwirakwira rya buri ndwara riratandukanye bitewe n'umuntu ku wundi. Urugero, iyo urebye imibare yo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika:

• Indwara ya Alzheimer yibasira abantu barenga miliyoni 6.
• Indwara ya Autism yibasira abana bagera kuri 1 kuri 44.
• Ibibyimba byo mu bwonko n'izindi kanseri z'imitsi ntibikunze kugaragara cyane, bingana na 1.3% bya kanseri zose.
• Indwara y'igicuri yibasira 1.2% by'abaturage. Ni ukuvuga abantu bakuru bagera kuri miliyoni 3 n'abana 470.000.
• Ubu indwara ya Meningite ntabwo ikunze kugaragara cyane bitewe n'urukingo. Mu 2019, abantu 371 gusa ni bo bagaragaye.
• Indwara zo mu mutwe zirakunze kugaragara cyane, zikaba zifata umuntu umwe kuri batanu bakuru.
• Abantu hafi miliyoni imwe babana n'indwara ya sclerosis nyinshi .
• Indwara zo mu bwonko zifata abantu bagera ku 800.000 buri mwaka.
• Abantu barenga 220.000 bari mu bitaro mu 2018 kubera ibikomere byo mu bwonko .

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera indwara zo mu bwonko?

Hari impamvu nyinshi zikunze gutera n'ibintu bishobora gutera indwara zo mu bwonko:

• Uburozi n'imirasire y'ibidukikije: Guhura n'ibinyabutabire n'imirasire y'uburozi igihe kirekire bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara zimwe na zimwe, nk'ibibyimba byo mu bwonko.
• Genetike: Ingirabuzimafatizo zimwe na zimwe n'impinduka mu miterere y'uturemangingo bishobora gutera cyangwa kongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara nyinshi zo mu bwonko. Abashakashatsi bavumbuye ingirabuzimafatizo zifitanye isano n'ibibyimba byo mu bwonko, igicuri, indwara zo kwangirika kw'imitsi, indwara z'imitsi n'indwara zo mu mutwe. Ingirabuzimafatizo zitera izi ndwara zishobora kuragwa cyangwa zishobora kubaho ku buryo butunguranye.
• Imikorere y'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri: Indwara z'ubwonko ziterwa n'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri zibaho iyo ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu bwibasiye uturemangingo tw'umubiri wacu.
• Kwandura: Udukoko nka bagiteri na virusi bishobora gutera indwara zo mu bwonko nka meningite.
• Ibikomere: Impanuka n'ibikomere ni byo bikunze gutera ibikomere byo mu bwonko. Ibikomere byo mu bwonko nabyo bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara izindi ndwara zo mu bwonko, nk'igicuri na Alzheimer.
• Amahitamo y'ubuzima bubi: Ibintu nk'imirire mibi, kudakora imyitozo ngororamubiri, kunywa itabi, no kunywa inzoga byagaragaye ko bifitanye isano n'indwara yo gucika intege mu bwonko (stroke) n'indwara ya Alzheimer.

Abaganga ntibaramenya neza impamvu zimwe na zimwe z’indwara zo mu bwonko zivuka. Urugero, hafi 60% by’abarwayi b’igicuri nta mpamvu izwi bafitiye (idiopathike). Abashakashatsi bakomeje kwiga kuri izi ndwara zo mu bwonko kugira ngo babone impamvu n’uburyo bwo kuzivura.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'indwara zo mu bwonko?

Nkuko mubizi, ubwonko bugenzura buri gikorwa cyose mu mubiri wacu. Rero iyo ubwonko bwakomeretse cyangwa burwaye, icyo gikorwa icyo ari cyo cyose gishobora kugira ingaruka, bitewe n'ubwoko, aho buherereye n'uburemere bw'indwara. Ushobora kugira ibimenyetso bisanzwe nka:

• Umuriro
• Kuribwa umutwe (cyane cyane umutwe mushya, ukomeye, cyangwa utandukanye n'ibisanzwe)
• Isesemi no kuruka
• Indwara zo mu mutwe
• Kutamenya

Byongeye kandi, indwara zo mu bwonko zishobora kugaragara nk'impinduka muri ibi bikurikira:

• Kuringaniza
• Imyitwarire
• Guhumeka
• Guhuza ibikorwa
• Icyibandwaho
• Kwibuka
• Amarangamutima
• Ingendo
• Imiterere
• Ibyumviro by'umubiri (urugero: gucika intege, kubura ibyiyumvo)
• Imvugo (urugero: kujijinganya, kugorwa no kubona amagambo)
• Imbaraga (cyane cyane ku ruhande rumwe rw'umubiri)
• Kumira
• Kureba (urugero: kureba nabi mu buryo butunguranye, kureba kabiri)

Igikuru ni uko niba ufite kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi bimenyetso bidasanzwe, bitunguranye, cyangwa byiyongera buhoro buhoro, jya kwa muganga ako kanya. Ntukabifate nk'ibisanzwe.

Ni gute wasuzuma indwara zo mu bwonko?

Intambwe z'ingenzi mu gusuzuma indwara ni amateka n'isuzuma ry'umubiri. Mu gihe cyo gusuzuma umubiri, hibandwa ku isuzuma ry'imitsi. Ibi birimo ibizamini bipima ingendo, ibyiyumvo, ubushobozi bwo gutekereza, n'ubushobozi bwo gutekereza. Ibyavuye muri iki kizamini bizagena ibindi bizamini bikenewe.

Ibindi bizamini bishobora kuba birimo:

• Isuzuma ry'umubiri: Muganga afata urugero ruto rw'ingingo maze akazipima muri laboratwari. Isuzuma ry'umubiri rifasha kumenya niba kanseri yo mu bwonko ari kanseri cyangwa atari yo.
• Gupima indwara: Ibi birimo ibizamini nka electroencephalogram (EEG), bipima imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'ubwonko. Hariho kandi ibizamini byitwa evoked potentials testing, bireba uburyo ibimenyetso by'imitsi byoherezwa mu bwonko.
• Ibizamini byo gupima: CT scans , MRI scans , na PET scans bishobora gutanga amashusho arambuye y'ubwonko. Ibi bishobora gufasha kumenya imikorere y'ubwonko n'uduce twanduye cyangwa twangiritse.
• Ibizamini byo muri laboratwari: Ibizamini by'amaraso, inkari, umwanda, cyangwa amazi yo mu ruti rw'umugongo bishobora gufasha muganga wawe gusobanukirwa impamvu y'ibimenyetso byawe. Ibizamini by'uturemangingo bishobora kandi gukorwa kugira ngo hamenyekane impinduka mu turemangingo zitera indwara zimwe na zimwe zo mu bwonko.
• Ibizamini by'imikorere y'ubwonko: Ibi ni ibizamini bikorerwa ku mpapuro cyangwa kuri mudasobwa. Ibi bizamini byemerera muganga wawe gusuzuma ubushobozi bwawe bwo kwibuka, gutekereza, no gukemura ibibazo.

Indwara zo mu bwonko zivurwa zite?

Uretse kwirinda indwara mbere yuko itangira, uburyo bwo kuyivura buratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bw'indwara.

• Indwara zimwe na zimwe zishobora gukira (urugero, gutanga imiti yica udukoko two mu bwoko bwa meningitis, cyangwa gukuraho ikibyimba).
• Hari izindi zishobora kuvurwa, ariko ntizikire burundu (urugero, gutanga imiti yo kugenzura ibimenyetso by'indwara ya Parkinson, cyangwa gutanga imiti yo kwirinda indwara zo mu mutwe).
• Hari n'ibindi tugomba kumenyera (urugero, gukoresha inkoni mu bibazo bimwe na bimwe byo kuringaniza).

Muganga wawe ashobora gukoresha uburyo bwo kuvura nk'ubu:

• Ubujyanama n'Ubuvuzi bw'Imyitwarire yo mu Mutwe: Gukemura ibibazo by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe no gutanga ubufasha mu by'amarangamutima.
• Indyo, imyitozo ngororamubiri no gucunga imihangayiko: Kugabanya ibimenyetso by'indwara zimwe na zimwe, nka Alzheimer na multiple sclerosis, no gukumira ko indwara yo mu bwonko isubira.
• Imiti: Kuvura indwara no kugabanya ibimenyetso.
• Kubaga imitsi yo mu nda mu buryo budakunze kugaragara: Gusana umuyoboro w'amaraso wacitse.
• Ubuvuzi bw'umubiri, bw'akazi cyangwa bw'imivugire: Kugarura ubushobozi bwatakaye.
• Kuruhuka: Fasha ubwonko gukira.
• Kubagwa: Kugira ngo hahagarike kuva amaraso imbere mu mubiri, gukuraho ikibyimba cyo mu bwonko, cyangwa gukumira indwara z'igicuri.

Ese indwara zo mu bwonko zishobora kwirindwa?

Hari imvugo ivuga ngo 'Gukingira indwara imwe birakwiriye ikiro kimwe cy'ubuvuzi.' Ibyo ni ukuri koko.

Indwara zo mu bwonko zishobora kwirindwa zishobora kwirindwa urya indyo yuzuye kandi ukagira ubuzima busanzwe, ukarwanya indwara nk'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso , diyabete , na cholesterol nyinshi , no kubona inkingo zo kurwanya indwara zigira ingaruka ku bwonko n'imitsi.

Aya mabwiriza rusange ashobora kugufasha kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara zo mu bwonko zishobora kwirindwa:

• Gukurikiza ubuzima bwiza: Ibi birimo indyo yuzuye umutima,Ibi birimo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, kwirinda kunywa itabi, kugabanya inzoga no kugabanya stress.
• Kwirinda guhura cyane n'imirasire ya X n'indi mirasire.
• Menya neza ko wowe n'abakunzi bawe mukingiwe indwara ya Bagiteria Meningite .
• Menya ibimenyetso by'umuburo by'indwara yo mu bwonko kandi ushake ubufasha bwihutirwa bw'abaganga.
• Kurwanya indwara zidakira nk'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, cholesterol nyinshi, diyabete, n'umubyibuho ukabije .
• Gabanya ibyago byo gukomereka mu mutwe wirinda kugwa, kwambara imikandara y'imodoka mu gihe utwaye imodoka, no kwambara ingofero mu gihe utwaye amagare cyangwa ukina siporo yo gukomeretsa.
• Gukomeza kugira imitekerereze n'imibanire myiza.

Ese hazaza heza uramutse urwaye indwara yo mu bwonko?

Indwara zimwe na zimwe zo mu bwonko zirakira nta kwangirika guhoraho. Izindi zishobora kurakira, ariko zishobora gusiga ubumuga mu bwenge bwawe cyangwa mu mubiri. Izindi ni indwara zikomeza kubaho mu buzima bwawe bwose. Muganga wawe azagufasha gucunga ibimenyetso byawe no gukomeza cyangwa kongera gukora neza uko bishoboka kose. Ntugahangayike, hamwe n'ubuvuzi n'ubufasha bikwiye, ibintu byinshi bishobora gukemurwa.

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?

Ni ngombwa gushaka ubuvuzi hakiri kare ku bikomere n'indwara zo mu bwonko. Jya kwa muganga nubwo waba ufite ikibazo gito ku mutwe. Nanone, menyesha muganga wawe niba ubonye impinduka zidasanzwe muri ibi bikurikira:

• Imyitwarire, amarangamutima, cyangwa imico
• Igihe cyo kwibuka no kwita ku bintu
• Imikorere y'umubiri, harimo kugenda, kuringaniza no guhuza ibikorwa
• Imvugo
• Iyerekwa

Niba ufite ibimenyetso by'indwara yo mu bwonko, hamagara 911 ako kanya! Izi ni impinduka zikunze kubaho vuba, nta bubabare:

• Impinduka mu mivugire (guhinda umushyitsi cyangwa urujijo) cyangwa kugorwa no gusobanukirwa abandi.
• Kugorwa no kubona mu maso rimwe cyangwa yombi.
• Kuribwa umutwe cyane mu buryo butunguranye.
• Kubura uburinganire, guhuza ingingo, cyangwa ubushobozi bwo kugenda.
• Intege nke cyangwa ibinya mu maso, ku kuboko, cyangwa ku kuguru, cyane cyane ku ruhande rumwe rw'umubiri.

Ni ubuhe butumwa twifuza kujyana muri iyi nkuru?

Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'indwara zo mu bwonko. Zimwe zirakunze kugaragara cyane, izindi zifata abantu bake gusa mu mwaka. Muganga wawe azagusuzuma neza kugira ngo amenye neza icyateye ibimenyetso byawe kandi aguhe gahunda nziza yo kuvura. Niba wowe cyangwa umuntu wo mu muryango wawe yagize ikibazo cy'ubwonko cyangwa indwara, kurikiza inama za muganga wawe ku bijyanye n'ubuvuzi n'ubuvuzi bw'igihe kirekire. Ubuvuzi, imiti, impinduka mu mibereho, n'ubufasha bukwiye bishobora kugufasha kubaho ubuzima bwuzuye uko bishoboka kose.Ntimwibagirwe ko ubuzima bw'ubwonko ari ingenzi cyane mu buzima bwacu muri rusange! Reka rero tubiteho.

Indwara z'ubwonko, ubwonko, uturemangingo tw'imitsi, igicuri, indwara zo gucika kw'imitsi, indwara ya Alzheimer, Parkinson, ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, meningitis, indwara z'imitsi