Ese ikoreshwa ry'urumogi risa n'aho ritameze neza? (Indwara yo Gukoresha Urumogi) Reka tubiganireho!

Urumogi, ruzwi kandi nka marijuana, ni ikintu abantu benshi bakoresha mu kwishimisha, iyo bahuriye hamwe n'inshuti. Ariko rimwe na rimwe aka kantu gato gashobora kuba kenshi cyane kakakubuza kugenzurwa. Hanyuma gatangira kugira ingaruka ku bikorwa byawe bya buri munsi, imibanire yawe, n'ubuzima bwawe. Ese ufite ikibazo nk'iki giterwa no kunywa urumogi? Cyangwa hari umuntu uzi urwaye iyi ndwara? Uyu munsi rero turaganira ku ndwara iterwa no kunywa urumogi, ni ukuvuga indwara yo gukoresha urumogi .

Indwara yo gukoresha urumogi ni iki?

Mu magambo make, ikibazo cyo gukoresha urumogi (CUD) ni indwara aho ikoreshwa ry’urumogi (marijuana) ritera ibibazo mu buzima bwawe kandi rikagira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe. Ni ubwoko bw’indwara yo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge (SUD).

Iyo tuvuze urumogi, tuba dushaka kuvuga ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose gikomoka ku kimera cyitwa 'Cannabis sativa'. Ibyo bivuze indabyo zacyo zumye, amababi, amashami, n'imbuto. Iki kimera kirimo imiti irenga 500. 'Cannabidiol' ('CBD') ni kimwe muri ibyo binyabutabire.

Marijuana yerekeza ku gice icyo ari cyo cyose cyangwa umusaruro w'ikimera cya 'Cannabis sativa', ariko igomba kuba irimo ingano nini y'ikinyabutabire cyitwa tetrahydrocannabinol (`THC`) . Iyi 'THC' ni yo iguha iyo 'high', ni ukuvuga kumva usinze. Marijuana ni ubwoko bw'urumogi, ariko si urumogi rwose ari urumogi. Imiterere ya 'CUD' iterwa ahanini n'ibintu birimo 'THC' (ni ukuvuga urumogi).

Iyi ndwara ya `CUD` ishobora kugaragara mu buryo bukabije - bamwe bashobora kugira ibimenyetso byoroheje , abandi ibimenyetso biri hagati , abandi ibimenyetso bikomeye . Akenshi ikubiyemo ubushake budasubirwaho bwo kunywa urumogi, kwihanganira urumogi cyane (bivuze ko ukeneye byinshi kugira ngo wumve nk'uko warumeze mbere), hamwe n'ibimenyetso byo kureka urumogi iyo uruhagaritse.

Indwara ya CUD ishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bwawe, imibanire yawe n'umuryango wawe n'inshuti zawe, ndetse n'ubuzima bwawe bwose. Bityo rero, ni ngombwa gushaka ubufasha ukimara kubona ibimenyetso.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y'ubusinzi bw'urumogi n'ubusinzi bwarwo?

Tubyita ikibazo cyo gukoresha urumogi (CUD) koroshye, korohereye, cyangwa ko gikomeye. Ubusinzi bw'urumogi ni bwo bunini cyane bw'iyi ndwara. Bisobanura gukomeza kunywa urumogi nubwo hari ibibazo birutera. Ubusinzi bw'urumogi bubaho iyo ubwonko bwawe bumaze kumenyera gukoresha iki kiyobyabwenge, bigatuma ugishakisha.

Iyi ndwara ya `CUD` ikunze kugaragara gute?

Mu by’ukuri, `CUD` ni indwara ikunze kugaragara. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2021 bwagaragaje ko abantu bagera kuri 5.8% bafite imyaka 12 kuzamura muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (ni ukuvuga abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 16.3) bari bafite `CUD` mu mezi 12 ashize. Iyi ndwara irashobora no kugaragara muri Sri Lanka ku rugero runini cyangwa ruto.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'indwara yo gukoresha urumogi?

Dukurikije igitabo cy’ubuvuzi n’ibarurishamibare cy’ishyirahamwe ry’abaganga bo mu mutwe b’Abanyamerika (DSM-5), ibimenyetso bikurikira ni ibimenyetso by’indwara yo gukoresha urumogi:

• Gukoresha urumogi rwinshi kandi igihe kirekire kuruta uko wabiteganyaga.
• Icyifuzo gikomeye cyangwa icyifuzo gikomeye cyo kunywa urumogi.
• Ubushakashatsi bwo kugabanya cyangwa kugenzura ikoreshwa ry'urumogi bwarananiranye.
• Bifata igihe kirekire kugira ngo umuntu abone, akoreshe, cyangwa akire ingaruka z'urumogi.
• Kudashobora gukora imirimo ku kazi, ku ishuri, cyangwa mu rugo neza bitewe no kunywa urumogi.
• Gukomeza kunywa urumogi nubwo hari ibibazo mu mibanire.
• Kureka ibikorwa by'imibanire, imirimo, cyangwa imyidagaduro bitewe no kunywa urumogi.
• Gukoresha urumogi kenshi, ndetse no mu bihe biteje akaga , nko gutwara imodoka.
• Gukomeza kunywa urumogi nubwo uzi neza ko rutera ikibazo cy'umubiri cyangwa icyo mu mutwe.
• Kongera ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibiyobyabwenge (bivuze ko ukeneye urumogi rwinshi kugira ngo wumve umeze nk'uko byari bimeze mbere).
• Kubona ibimenyetso byo kureka urumogi, no kongera gukoresha urumogi kugira ngo utsinde ibyo bimenyetso.

Niba ufite ibimenyetso nk'ibi, ni ngombwa cyane gushaka inama kwa muganga vuba bishoboka.

Ibindi bimenyetso n'imyitwarire

Uretse ibi, hari izindi mico n'imyitwarire bishobora kugaragara:

• Urujijo, kugorwa no kwibanda ku kintu.
• Ibibazo byo kwibuka.
• Kugorwa no kwiga ibintu bishya.
• Kubona cyangwa kumva ibintu bitariho (`Hallucinations`).
• Ibinyoma.
• Kuba kure y'inshuti n'umuryango.
• Impinduka zitunguranye mu byiyumvo no mu myitwarire.
• Kurakara no guhakana iyo umuntu akubajije ibijyanye no kunywa urumogi.
• Ntabwo bitaye ku isura yabo nk'uko byari bisanzwe.
• Imyitwarire y'ibanga yo guhisha ikoreshwa ry'urumogi.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera ``Indwara yo gukoresha urumogi``?

Umuntu ufite ikibazo cyo gukoresha urumogi ashobora gukurikiza urugero nk'uru:

1. Gukoresha mu igerageza.

2. Gukoresha rimwe na rimwe.

3. Gukoresha cyane.

4. Indwara yo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge.

Uru rugendo ruragoye gato. Hari ibintu byinshi bigira uruhare mu iterambere ry’indwara yo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge. Ibintu by’ingenzi ni ibi bikurikira:

• Ingaruka za THC ku buhanga bw'ubwonko bwawe.
• Ibintu bigize imiterere y'umubiri (ingaruka zituruka ku nkomoko y'umubiri).
• Indwara zo mu mutwe.
• Kubona urumogi byoroshye kandi byoroshye.

Ubuhanga mu bwonko

Iyi shimi `THC` igira ingaruka ku bwonko bwawe, cyane cyane `ikigo cy'imperekeza`.

Twese dushingiye ku miterere y'umubiri wacu, duharanira kwishimisha. Akenshi, ibi byishimo bituruka ku bintu bizima. Iyo umaranye umwanya n'umuntu ukunda, cyangwa iyo uriye ifunguro riryoshye, umubiri wawe urekura imyuka yitwa dopamine . Ibi nibyo bigutera kwishima no kunyurwa. Ni nk'uruziga; ushakisha ibi bintu kuko bigutera kumva umeze neza.

Iyo ukoresheje ibiyobyabwenge nka marijuana, dopamine nyinshi ihita yihuta mu bwonko bwawe. Ariko, aho kugutera imbaraga zo gukora ibintu ugomba gukora kugira ngo ubeho (kurya, gukora, kumarana umwanya n'abo ukunda), iyi dopamine nyinshi ishobora guteza impinduka mbi mu bitekerezo byawe, mu byiyumvo byawe, no mu myitwarire yawe.

Ibi bituma ushaka ibyishimo byinshi kuri marijuana kuruta uko wabishakira mu buzima bwiza. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, marijuana ('THC') ihindura imikorere y'ubwonko bwawe, bigatuma utabasha kuyimenya neza. Hanyuma, ukeneye byinshi kugira ngo wumve ingaruka zimwe.

Ingaruka ku ngirabuzimafatizo (uruhererekane rw'inkomoko)

Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko hagati ya 40% na 60% by'ibyago byo kurwara indwara iyo ari yo yose ikoreshwa mu biyobyabwenge ari imiterere y'umubiri. Ibi bivuze ko niba umuntu wo mu muryango wawe wa hafi (murumuna wawe, umubyeyi wawe) yaragize ikibazo cyo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge, nawe ushobora kucyirwara. Abahanga mu bya siyansi basanze impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo yitwa CHRNA2 (iherereye kuri chromosome 8) ifitanye isano na CUD.

Indwara zo mu mutwe

Hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'abantu bafite ikibazo cyo mu mutwe nabo bafite ikibazo cyo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge (urugero: `CUD`). Mu buryo nk'ubwo, hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'abantu bafite ikibazo cyo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge nabo bafite ikibazo cyo mu mutwe. Ibi byitwa `gusuzuma indwara ebyiri`` .

Indwara zo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge n'izindi ndwara zo mu mutwe ziterwa n'ibintu byinshi bifitanye isano:

• Ingaruka z'uturemangingo.
• Ibibazo bibaho mu bice bimwe by'ubwonko.
• Ingaruka ku bidukikije.

Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko indwara zo mu mutwe zishobora gutera ikoreshwa ry’ibiyobyabwenge, naho ikoreshwa ry’ibiyobyabwenge rishobora gutera indwara zo mu mutwe. Hari abantu bashobora gukoresha urumogi mu rwego rwo guhangana n’ibimenyetso by’ibibazo byabo byo mu mutwe (ibi byitwa `kwivura`). Ibi bishobora no gutera indwara ya `CUD`.

Kubona urumogi byoroshye no kurwangiza

Kuba urumogi ruboneka byoroshye ni ikintu gikomeye cyane gitera ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije. Ibintu byongera amahirwe yo kwandura no gukoresha urumogi birimo:

• Hari umuntu uri mu rugo rwawe unywa urumogi.
• Inshuti zawe zikoresha urumogi.
• Kuba ufite icyemezo cy’urumogi rwo kwa muganga (mu bihugu/intara aho byemewe n’amategeko).

Ni ibihe bintu bishobora gutera indwara yo gukoresha urumogi?

Hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara ya CUD. Bimwe muri byo birimo:

• Imyaka: Abantu batangira kunywa urumogi mbere y'imyaka 18 bafite amahirwe angana n'inshuro enye kugeza kuri zirindwi yo kurwara indwara ya CUD kurusha abantu bakuru.
• Ubushobozi bwa marijuana: Gukoresha marijuana ifite imbaraga nyinshi (ni ukuvuga urugero rwa THC ruri hejuru) bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara CUD. Nanone, uburyo bumwe na bumwe bwo gukoresha marijuana (nk'imiti ikoreshwa mu gukaraba no gukaraba) bushobora gutanga urugero rwinshi rwa THC mu mubiri.
• Inshuro zo gukoresha urumogi: Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwagaragaje ko 17% by'abantu bakoresha urumogi rimwe mu cyumweru na 18.8% by'abantu bakoreshaga urumogi buri munsi bagaragaje ibimenyetso byo kuba bararukoresheje.
• Ihungabana: Abantu bafite ihungabana bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara ya CUD.
• Igitsina: Abagabo bafite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara indwara ya CUD.
• Ibindi biyobyabwenge: Gukoresha ibindi biyobyabwenge, nka inzoga, nikotine, cyangwa imiti igabanya ubukana bw'ibintu bitera ububabare, bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara ya CUD.

Ibintu bishobora gutera indwara ya CUD, cyane cyane mu bangavu, birimo:

• Ikoreshwa ry'ibiyobyabwenge ku babyeyi.
• Igabanuka ry'uburezi mu ishuri.
• Imyitwarire idahwitse n'iy'abatavuga rumwe n'abandi.
• Kunywa inzoga cyangwa nikotine.
• Guhohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina mu bwana.

Ni izihe ngorane ibi bishobora gutera?

Gukoresha urumogi bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku buzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe, ku mubiri no mu mibereho yawe. Zimwe mu ngorane z'umubiri ziterwa n'iyi ndwara zijyanye no kunywa urumogi zirimo:

• Ihungabana ry'imitekerereze riterwa n'urumogi.
• Indwara yo guhangayika iterwa n'urumogi.
• Indwara yo gusinzira iterwa n'urumogi.
• Indwara ya cannabis hyperemesis.
• Bronchitis idakira niba unywa itabi cyangwa unywa urumogi.
• Ibibazo by'uburumbuke.

Abana bato bafite indwara ya CUD bashobora kugira ibibazo nk'ibi bikurikira:

• Gukoresha `CUD` ikomeye (ubusinzi bw'urumogi).
• Bigira ingaruka ku mikurire y'ubwonko.
• Ubumuga bwo mu mutwe.
• Kugabanya umusaruro w'uburezi.
• Ubushobozi bwo kuva mu ishuri buriyongera.
• Kugabanuka k'ubushobozi bw'ubwenge (`IQ`).

Ubimenya ute?

Nta kizamini na kimwe gishobora gusuzuma indwara yo gukoresha urumogi. Ahubwo, abashinzwe ubuvuzi bazasuzuma birambuye amateka y'ubuzima bwawe n'imyitwarire ijyanye no gukoresha urumogi. Bashobora kandi gukora ibizamini by'ibiyobyabwenge.

Kubera ko ari ibisanzwe ko abantu barwaye indwara yo mu mutwe (CUD) bagira ikibazo cy’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, muganga azabaza n’amateka yawe y’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe.

Dukurikije igitabo cy’ubuvuzi n’ibarurishamibare cy’ishyirahamwe ry’abanyamerika rishinzwe indwara zo mu mutwe (DSM-5), kugira ngo umuntu amenye indwara yo gukoresha urumogi, nibura ibimenyetso bibiri twavuze mbere bigomba kuba bihari mu gihe kirenze amezi 12 .

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko `CUD` ishobora kubaho ku nzego zitandukanye:

• `CUD` yoroshye: Ibimenyetso bibiri cyangwa bitatu.
• `CUD` iringaniye: Ibimenyetso bine cyangwa bitanu.
• Indwara ikomeye ya CUD: Ibimenyetso bitandatu cyangwa birenga.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura?

Hari uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura indwara yo gukoresha urumogi. Uburyo bwo kuvura buterwa n'uburemere bw'indwara, kandi butandukana bitewe n'umuntu ku giti cye - ushobora gukenera uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura mu bihe bitandukanye.

Kubera ko indwara ya CUD ari indwara idakira ishobora kugaruka, ubuvuzi buhoraho burakenewe kugira ngo ubuvuzi bugire icyo bugeraho.

Kubera ko abantu barwaye indwara ya CUD bakunze kugira izindi ndwara zo mu mutwe, akenshi biba byiza kuzivura hamwe kuruta kuzivura uri wenyine.

Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bw'ubuvuzi bwa CUD:

1. Gukuraho uburozi.

2. Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara zo mu mutwe no mu myitwarire.

Nanone, hari ahantu hatandukanye n'uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvurwa:

• Ubujyanama ku barwayi bo hanze.
• Kuvurirwa mu bitaro bikomeye.
• Kuvurirwa mu bitaro.
• Imiryango ivura indwara igihe kirekire, urugero nk'imiryango ibana idakoresheje amazi.

Gukuraho uburozi mu mubiri (gukuramo uburozi mu mubiri)

Gukuraho uburozi bikubiyemo guhagarika ikoreshwa ry'urumogi no kurureka rukava mu mubiri wawe. Bitewe n'uburemere bwa CUD yawe, muganga ashobora kukugira inama yo kugabanya buhoro buhoro ikoreshwa ryawe (kugabanya) kugira ngo ugabanye ingaruka zo kubireka. Iyi ni intambwe ya mbere ikomeye mu kuvura CUD. Ushobora gukurwamo uburozi mu bitaro cyangwa hanze.

Abahanga mu bya siyansi ubu barimo gukora ubushakashatsi ku miti yo "gukuraho uburozi" bw'urumogi.

Uburyo bwo kuvura mu mutwe no mu myitwarire

Ubuvuzi bwo mu mutwe (ubuvuzi bwo kuvugana) bushobora gufasha kuvura indwara zo mu mutwe (CUD) n'izindi ndwara zo mu mutwe zibaho hamwe. Ubuvuzi bunatanga uburyo bwiza bwo guhangana n'ibibazo.

Abakora mu buvuzi bashobora gutanga inama ku buryo bwo kuvura indwara zo mu mutwe no mu myitwarire gusa cyangwa se bakabikora hamwe n'imiti.

Bumwe mu buryo bwiza bwo kuvura abantu bakuru bafite indwara ya CUD burimo:

• Ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire mu bwenge (CBT): CBT ni uburyo bw'ubuvuzi bw'imitekerereze bushingiye ku ntego. Muri CBT, umujyanama mu by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe agufasha gusuzuma neza ibitekerezo byawe n'ibyiyumvo byawe. Binyuze muri CBT, ushobora kwiga kureka ibitekerezo n'imyitwarire mibi no guteza imbere imitekerereze n'ingeso nziza. CBT yo muri CUD yibanda kandi ku gutera imbaraga impinduka, kwigisha ibijyanye no kuvura, no gukumira gusubira inyuma.
• Ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire yo mu mutwe (DBT): DBT igira akamaro cyane ku bantu bafite ingorane zo gucunga no kugenzura amarangamutima yabo. Byagaragaye ko DBT igira akamaro mu kuvura no gucunga indwara zitandukanye zo mu mutwe, harimo n'indwara zo mu mutwe.
• Ubuvuzi bw’ibanze ku baturage (ACT): ACT itanga serivisi z’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe mu baturage, aho gutanga serivisi zo mu rugo cyangwa mu bitaro. ACT ni uburyo bwo kuvura bugenewe buri muntu ku giti cye. Gahunda yawe y’ubuvuzi ishingiye ku mbaraga zawe, ibyo ukeneye, n’intego zawe z’ejo hazaza.
• Imiryango yo kuvura (TCs): TCs ni uburyo bwo kuvura abantu bafite CUD mu ngo zabo igihe kirekire, bubafasha kugira indangagaciro n'imyitwarire mishya kandi myiza ku bijyanye no gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge n'indwara zo mu mutwe zijyanye na byo.
• Gucunga Ibibazo (CM): CM ikubiyemo gushishikariza abantu kugira imyitwarire myiza binyuze mu guhemba abantu bafite imyitwarire myiza. Akenshi, abantu bafite CUD bahabwa ikintu gifite agaciro k'amafaranga kugira ngo babashishikarize kwirinda kunywa urumogi. Urugero, niba warabonye igisubizo kibi mu isuzuma ry'ibiyobyabwenge, uba ufite amahirwe yo gutsindira igihembo cyangwa impano.

Kwitabira amatsinda yo kwifasha nka Marijuana Anonymous nabyo bishobora kugira uruhare runini mu kuvura indwara ya CUD.

Ni ubuhe buryo bw'ejo hazaza umuntu ufite ``urumogi rukoresha`` ashobora kwitega?

Iterambere ry'indwara yo gukoresha urumogi riterwa n'ibintu byinshi:

• Ubwoko n'uburemere bwa `CUD`.
• Urugero rw'ubusinzi bw'ibiyobyabwenge n'ingorane umuntu ahura nazo mu kureka ibiyobyabwenge.
• Kwiyemeza kureka burundu ibiyobyabwenge.
• Igihe cy'ubuvuzi.
• Ibintu bitera imiterere y'umubiri.
• Wakwitwara ute iyo ufite stress?

Indwara zo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge, harimo n'indwara yo gukoresha urumogi, ni indwara z'ubuzima bwose. Ariko, ushobora gukira no kubaho ubuzima bwuzuye. Kubona ubufasha ni ingenzi kugira ngo ukire. Abantu batandukanye basanga uburyo butandukanye ari ingirakamaro, ariko uburyo bukomeza bwo kuvura no kwifasha abantu bifasha bafasha abantu benshi.

Indwara ya CUD ni indwara isubira inyuma. Niba uri mu gukira, uba ufite ibyago byinshi byo kongera kurwara. Ibi bishobora kubaho nyuma y'imyaka myinshi ukoresheje urumogi bwa nyuma.

Kubera ko ushobora kongera kurwara indwara, uzakenera ubuvuzi buhoraho. Muganga wawe azasuzuma gahunda yawe yo kuvura hamwe nawe kandi ayihindure kugira ngo ihuze n'ibyo ukeneye bihinduka.

Ni gute wakwirinda iyi "indwara yo gukoresha urumogi"?

Ingaruka zo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge, harimo no kunywa urumogi, ziyongera cyane mu bihe by'imihangayiko n'impinduka mu buzima. Ku muntu mukuru, ibyago byo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge bishobora kwiyongera bitewe n'ibintu nko gutandukana n'undi, kubura akazi, cyangwa urupfu rw'uwo akunda. Ku mwana muto, ibyago bishobora kwiyongera bitewe n'ibintu nko kwimuka, gutandukana n'umuryango, cyangwa guhindura ishuri.

Mu bihe nk'ibi by'impinduka, ni ngombwa gufata ingamba nziza zo guhangana n'ibibazo, nko gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, gutekereza cyane, cyangwa kwiga ikintu gishya. Niba ufite ikibazo cyo guhangana n'imihangayiko, tekereza ku kubonana n'umujyanama w'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe .

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka

Indwara yo gukoresha urumogi ni ikibazo gikomeye mu buzima bwo mu mutwe no mu bwonko. Kubera impinduka ziba mu bwonko bwawe, bishobora kugorana kureka gukoresha urumogi, nubwo waba ubyifuza. Niba wowe cyangwa umuntu ukunda afite ikibazo cyo gukoresha urumogi, vugana n'umuganga vuba bishoboka. Inzobere yabyigiye ishobora kugufasha kuvurwa ukeneye. Wibuke ko gusaba ubufasha atari intege nke, ahubwo ni imbaraga! Ntabwo uri wenyine, kandi hari abantu benshi bashobora kugufasha muri uru rugendo.

` Urumogi, Marijuana, Indwara yo gukoresha urumogi, Ibiyobyabwenge, Ubusinzi, Ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, Ubuvuzi