Reka twige ku mikurire y'umutwe n'ubwonko bw'umwana wawe (indwara zo mu bwonko)

Niba uri umubyeyi utwite cyangwa undi muntu wo mu muryango wawe utwite umwana, ni ngombwa cyane kumenya byose ku buzima bw'umwana wawe, si byo se? Hari igihe umutwe w'umwana, ubwonko bwe, cyangwa uruti rw'umugongo bidakura neza mu nda ye. Izi ni indwara twita indwara zo mu mutwe . Ntugatinye numva iri zina, nubwo rigoye gato, tuzarivugaho mu buryo bworoshye, mu buryo ushobora kumva.

Izi ndwara zo mu bwonko bw'inyuma ni izihe?

Mu magambo make, indwara zo mu mutwe ni indwara zibaho mu gihe umwana akiri mu nda, ni ukuvuga iyo ubwonko n'umugongo bidakura neza. Ibi ni imiterere mibi y'ibice by'imitsi. Izi ndwara rimwe na rimwe zishobora gutera imiterere mibi mu bindi bice, ingingo, n'imikorere y'umubiri.

Ijambo "cephalic" rikomoka ku ijambo rya kera ry'Ikigiriki risobanura "umutwe." Nubwo izi ndwara zireba cyane cyane ubwonko, zishobora no kugira ingaruka ku ruti rw'umugongo, uko ubwonko n'uruti rw'umugongo bikura hamwe. Hamwe, bikora sisitemu yacu y'imitsi yo mu mutwe (CNS) .

Izi ndwara zishobora kuva ku zoroshye kugeza ku zikomeye cyane. Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe bikomeye, umwana uri mu nda ashobora kutabasha kwihanganira izi ndwara. Ibi bishobora gutuma inda ivamo mu byumweru 20 bya mbere byo gutwita, cyangwa kubyara umwana wapfuye nyuma y'ibyumweru 20.

Ese hari ubwoko bw'indwara zo mu mutwe?

Yego, abahanga mu by'ubuvuzi bashyira izi ndwara mu byiciro bashingiye ku bintu bitatu by'ingenzi:

1. Aho byabereye: Ni ibihe bice by'imitsi yo hagati (CNS) byafashwe? Ese hari ibindi bice, ingingo, cyangwa sisitemu z'umubiri byafashwe?

2. Imiterere y'ingaruka: Ni gute ibice by'imitsi yo hagati byagize ingaruka byateye imbere mu buryo butandukanye n'uko byari byitezwe? Ni ukuvuga, ese ni binini, bito, cyangwa byarahindutse mu bundi buryo?

3. Impamvu: Ni iyihe mpamvu ituma habaho gutinda k'imikurire? Ese biterwa n'ikintu cyangwa ibidukikije byagize ingaruka ku mubyeyi utwite, cyangwa ni imiterere y'umubiri?

Ibi bintu bikunze kubaho mu rugero rungana iki?

Indwara zo mu bwonko mu by’ukuri ni indwara zidasanzwe. Zigira ingaruka hagati ya 0.14% na 0.16% by’abana bavutse. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko izi ndwara zitera hagati ya 3% na 6% by’abana bapfa bavuka.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bw'indwara zo mu mutwe?

Ibi bintu bishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko butatu:

• Ubusembwa bw'imiyoboro y'ubwonko
• Itandukaniro ry'ingano ( mu mutwe cyangwa mu bwonko)
• Itandukaniro ry'imiterere ( mu gahanga cyangwa mu bwonko)

Ubusembwa bw'imiyoboro y'ubwonko

Umuyoboro w'imitsi ni imiterere yihariye ikura mu mwana uri mu nda mu kwezi kwa mbere gutwita. Ni muri ibyo ubwonko, uruti rw'umugongo, n'uruti rw'umugongo nyuma bikamera. Mu yandi magambo, ni wo shingiro ry'imitsi y'umwana. Kubwibyo, izi ndwara zijyanye n'umuyoboro w'imitsi zigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku mikurire y'uruti rw'imitsi rwo hagati (CNS).

Izi ndwara zishobora gutuma intambwe zimwe na zimwe mu mikurire y'ubwonko cyangwa uruti rw'umugongo zigenda nabi, cyangwa ntizibeho na gato. Dore ingero nke:

• Anencephaly: Iyi ni indwara ikomeye cyane aho ibice byinshi by'ubwonko n'agahanga biba bidakura neza cyangwa ntibikure na gato.
• Encephalocele: Umwobo uri mu gahanga utuma ubwonko n'amazi yo mu bwonko bisohoka mu gahanga nk'agafuka.
• Spina bifida: Kunanirwa gukura neza k'umugongo. Hari ubundi bwoko bw'ibi, nka meningocele na myelomeningocele.
• Kumererwa nabi kwa Chiari: Indwara aho igice cy'ubwonko kinyura mu mwenge uri hepfo y'agahanga. (Ubwoko bwa kabiri bushobora gutera indwara yitwa myelomeningocele yitwa spina bifida.)

Itandukaniro ry'ingano

Izi ni impinduka zigira ingaruka ku bunini bw'umutwe cyangwa uturemangingo tw'imitsi yo hagati. Tekereza nawe, rimwe na rimwe umutwe ushobora kuba munini cyane, rimwe na rimwe ukaba muto cyane.

• Itandukaniro ry'ingano y'agahanga:
• Macrosefali: Kugira umutwe munini udasanzwe.
• Microcephaly: Kugira umutwe muto udasanzwe.
• Impinduka mu bunini bw'ubwonko:
• Megalencephaly: Kugira ubwonko bunini budasanzwe.
• Microencephaly: Kugira ubwonko buto cyane.

Itandukaniro ry'imiterere

Izi ni impinduka mu miterere y'agahanga cyangwa ubwonko.

• Impinduka mu miterere y'agahanga:
• Akrosefali: Umutwe muremure cyangwa uzungurutse.
• Brachycephaly: Umutwe ni mugari kandi ugororotse inyuma, aho kuba uruziga.
• Impinduka mu miterere y'ubwonko:
• Holoprosencephaly: Uruhande rw'ubwonko (impande) ntirutanye.
• Lissencephaly: Ubwonko bworoshye butagira iminkanyari cyangwa udusebe nk'udutoki ku buso bw'ubwonko.
• Hydranencephaly: Indwara aho ibice by'ubwonko bidakura neza bitewe n'amazi menshi yo mu bwonko mu gahanga. (Ibi bitandukanye n'indwara yitwa hydrocephalus.)

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'izi ndwara?

Ibimenyetso by'indwara zo mu mutwe biratandukanye cyane bitewe n'uko indwara imeze. Kubera ko hari nyinshi muri izi ndwara, ibimenyetso nabyo bishobora gutandukana cyane.

Ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe bikunze kugaragara ni ibi bikurikira:

• Ubumuga bwo mu mutwe.
• Indwara zo mu mutwe cyangwa igicuri.
• Ibibazo byo kugenzura imitsi n'ibibazo byo kugenda.
• Gutakaza igice cyangwa burundu ubushobozi bwo kumva (kubona, kumva, guhumurirwa, uburyohe, gukorakora).
• Intege nke cyangwa ubumuga buterwa n'ibibazo by'umugongo cyangwa imitsi yo mu ruti rw'umugongo.
• Ihungabana mu mikorere y’umubiri ikora ku buryo bwikora nko gusya no guhumeka.
• Ububabare (ibi bishobora guterwa n'impamvu zitandukanye kandi bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'umuntu ku wundi).

Uretse izi ndwara zo mu bwonko, izindi ngingo mu mubiri nazo zishobora kwibasirwa cyangwa zikagira ibibazo. Ibi bishobora gutandukana cyane bitewe n'impamvu n'uburwayi. Muganga wawe ashobora gusobanura neza ibimenyetso bishobora kubaho bitewe n'uburwayi bwawe.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera indwara zo mu bwonko (cephalic diseases)?

Ikintu cyose bigira ingaruka ku buryo ubwonko cyangwa uburyo bwo mu bwonko butera gishobora gutera indwara yo mu mutwe. Izi mpamvu zishobora kuba zirimo ibice byinshi by'ingenzi:

• Ingirabuzimafatizo: Indwara nyinshi zo mu mutwe zishobora guterwa n’impinduka za ADN zikomoka ku babyeyi cyangwa zigashya.
• Indwara z'umubyeyi mu gihe atwite: Indwara zitandukanye zishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikurire y'umwana uri mu nda. Urugero, indwara ziterwa n'imikorere mibi y'umubiri n'ibura ry'imirire (cyane cyane imyunyu ngugu nka umuringa, zinc na folate (aside folic - vitamine B9). Nanone, zimwe mu ndwara nka toxoplasmose, cytomegalovirus cyangwa rubella zishobora gutera izi ndwara.
• Guhura n'ibintu bimwe na bimwe: Ibintu bimwe na bimwe, imiti, cyangwa ibidukikije bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikurire y'umwana uri mu nda. Impuguke kandi ziyita "teratogens." Ingero: ibyuma by'uburozi nka lisansi na mercure, imiti imwe n'imwe igabanya amaraso, cyangwa imiti igabanya ubukana bw'amaraso.
• Imiterere y'ibidukikije: Guhura n'imirasire, nko mu mashini za X-ray, cyangwa kumarana igihe mu bwogero bushyushye cyangwa muri sauna, nabyo bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mwana uri mu nda. Ibikomere byo ku mubiri mu gihe utwite nabyo bishobora kongera ibyago byo kwangirika ku mwana uri mu nda no kugira ingaruka ku mikurire y'imitsi.

Ni ibihe bintu bishobora gutera izi ndwara?

Hari ibintu byinshi bishobora gutera indwara zo mu mutwe. Hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe, nk'uturemangingo tw'umubiri wawe n'amateka y'umuryango wawe, tudashobora kubigenzura. Bimwe muri byo, nko kwirinda ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe cyangwa imirimo mu gihe utwite, cyangwa kugabanya kurya ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'amafi (amafi arya andi mafi afite urugero rwinshi rwa mercure) mu gihe utwite, bishobora gucungwa.

Muganga wawe ashobora kugufasha kumenya ibintu bishobora kugutera ibyago n'icyo wakora kuri byo. Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ufite indwara zo mu mutwe, ashobora no kukugira inama yo kubonana n'undi muganga w'inzobere, urugero nk'umujyanama mu by'imiterere y'umubiri.

Ni izihe ngorane ziterwa n'indwara zo mu bwonko (Cephalic Diseases)?

Kimwe n'izi ndwara, ingorane zazo nazo ziratandukanye cyane. Hari indwara zigira ingorane ntoya gusa, cyangwa zishobora kutagira ingorane na gato. Hari izindi zigira ingorane zikomeye, nko kugira ibibazo by'ubuhumekero, gucika intege, cyangwa indwara z'umutima. Mu bihe bikomeye cyane, indwara zo mu mutwe zibuza ubwonko n'imitsi gukura neza. Niyo mpamvu indwara zikomeye zikunze gushyira ubuzima mu kaga.

Muganga wawe ni we muntu mwiza wo kukubwira ingorane umwana wawe ashobora kugira n'icyo wakora kuri zo.

Indwara zo mu mutwe zifatwa zite?

Indwara nyinshi zo mu mutwe zishobora kuvurwa mbere yo kuvuka hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga ryo gufata amashusho nka sonography. Zimwe zishobora kuvurwa nyuma yo kuvuka binyuze mu isuzuma ry’umubiri. Mu bindi bihe, hashobora kuba ngombwa gusuzuma, gufata amashusho no gupima muri laboratwari kugira ngo hamenyekane neza indwara ihari.

Dore bimwe mu bizamini bishobora gukorwa mbere na nyuma yuko umwana avutse:

• Isuzuma rya X-ray cyangwa Computed Tomography (CT).
• Isuzuma rya Magnetic Resonance (MRI).
• Ibizamini bya laboratwari ku maraso cyangwa andi mazi yo mu mubiri.
• Gupima imiterere y'umubiri (mbere cyangwa nyuma yo kuvuka).

Bitewe n'ikibazo gikekwa, ibimenyetso, n'ibindi bintu, ibindi bipimo bishobora gukorwa nyuma yo kuvuka k'umwana. Muganga wawe ni we muntu mwiza wo kukubwira byinshi ku bipimo agusaba.

Ese izi ndwara zivurwa zite? Ese zishobora gukira?

Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara zo mu mutwe buratandukanye cyane. Hari indwara zidakira, kandi ingaruka zazo zirakomeye cyane ku buryo zidashoboka kwihanganira.

Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe zishobora kuvurwa hakoreshejwe kubagwa cyangwa ubundi buryo. Ariko, indwara nyinshi zo mu mutwe ntizishobora kuvurwa mu buryo butaziguye, kandi uburyo bwonyine ni ukugerageza gucunga ibimenyetso. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo gukoresha imiti, kubaga, ibikoresho bifasha, n'imiti ifasha mu gukosora.

Kubera ko ibi bishobora gutandukana cyane, muganga wawe ni we muntu mwiza wo gusobanura uburyo bwo kuvura buhari kuri wewe cyangwa uwo ukunda. Ashobora kukubwira uburyo bwo kuvura buhari, icyo agusaba, n'icyo wakorera umwana wawe kugira ngo arusheho kubona umusaruro mu kuvura cyangwa kugira ngo burusheho kugira akamaro.

Ni iki nakwitega mu gihe umwana wanjye afite indwara yo mu mutwe?

Akenshi, wowe, umubyeyi, umurera, cyangwa undi muntu urera, ni wowe ubanza kumenya ko umwana wawe afite indwara yo mu mutwe. Ibi biterwa nuko indwara nyinshi zo mu mutwe zisuzumwa akivuka cyangwa mu myaka mike ya mbere y'ubuzima bwe. Ibi bishobora gutandukana cyane, bityo muganga wawe ni we muntu mwiza wo kukubwira icyo ugomba kwitega.

Indwara zimwe na zimwe zo mu mutwe zishobora kugira ingaruka nke ku buzima bw'umwana kandi zishobora gukemurwa n'ubufasha cyangwa impinduka nke. Zimwe zishobora no gukosorwa mu bwana bwa mbere hakoreshejwe kubagwa cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo kwa muganga.

Ariko, indwara zo mu mutwe zikunze kuba zikomeye. Zishobora kugabanya ubushobozi bw'umwana bwo kwiyitaho, kwifatira ibyemezo, cyangwa kubaho yigenga. Kenshi na kenshi, abana bafite izi ndwara bagira ikibazo gikomeye cyo kwangirika k'ubwonko. Bashobora kutabasha kwiyitaho cyangwa gusobanukirwa imimerere yabo.

Ibi bintu bimara igihe kingana iki?

Indwara zo mu mutwe ni indwara zivukanwa, bivuze ko zibaho igihe umuntu avuka. Nubwo zimwe zishobora gukosorwa igice cyangwa burundu nyuma yo kuvuka, nyinshi ntizishobora gukosorwa. Iyo zidashobora gukosorwa cyangwa kuvurwa, ni indwara z’ubuzima bwose.

Ni iki giteganijwe kuri ibi bihe?

Uko indwara zo mu mutwe zigaragara mu gihe cy’ihungabana ry’ubwonko zihagaze biratandukanye cyane bitewe n’umuntu ku giti cye, ndetse no mu bantu bafite iyo ndwara. Ibi biterwa nuko izi ndwara zishobora kubaho mu buryo bwihariye kuri buri muntu. Muganga w’umwana wawe ni we muntu mwiza wo kukubwira uko ibintu bishobora kubaho n’icyo wakora kugira ngo ubigereho.

Ese indwara zo mu bwonko zishobora kwirindwa?

Izi ndwara zishobora kubaho mu buryo butunguranye, bityo ntizishobora kwirindwa nta gushidikanya 100%. Nubwo indwara ziterwa n’uturemangingo akenshi ziba ari umurage, zishobora no guterwa n’impinduka zitunguranye, bivuze ko zitava kuri wewe zikagera ku mwana wawe.

Nubwo bidashoboka kubikumira burundu, hari ibintu ushobora gukora kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo gukura kw'umwana uri mu nda mu gihe utwite.

Nakora iki kugira ngo ngire ingaruka?

Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kugabanya ibyago byo kugira ibibazo mu mikurire y'umwana uri mu nda:

• Irinde imiti iteratogens:Irinde guhura n'ibyuma biremereye, imiti, n'imiti ishobora kubangamira imikurire y'umwana uri mu nda. Irinde kandi inzoga, imiti idasaba muganga, n'itabi (harimo no kunywa itabi mu buryo bwa vape).
• Irinde ibyago: Irinde ibikorwa bishobora kwangiza umwana uri mu nda mu gihe utwite. Nanone, irinde ibikorwa birimo ubushyuhe bwinshi, nko mu bwogero bushyuha na sauna.
• Menya ingaruka z'umuryango wawe: Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ufite amateka yo kurwara indwara zo mu mutwe, ganira na muganga wawe niba ugomba gupimwa imiterere y'umubiri mbere yo gutwita cyangwa mu ntangiriro z'inda yawe. Niba ingaruka z'umuryango wawe zitazwi, muganga wawe azakugira inama niba ugomba gupimwa.
• Shyira imbere imirire: Niba utwite cyangwa uteganya gusama vuba, ugomba gushyira imbere imirire mu gihe utwite. Menya neza ko ufata intungamubiri z'ingenzi nka folate (izwi kandi nka aside folic cyangwa vitamine B9). Muri Sri Lanka, aside folic ihabwa ababyeyi batwite buri gihe . Muganga wawe azakugira inama ku ngano ukeneye n'izindi ntungamubiri ugomba gufata. Ushobora kandi gusaba inama umukozi w'ubuzima bw'umuryango (PHM) wo mu gace utuyemo.

Ni gute nakwita ku mwana wanjye?

Niba umwana ufite indwara yo mu mutwe ashobora kwitabwaho n'uburyo ashobora kwitabwaho biterwa n'ibintu byinshi. Ibi birimo uburwayi bw'umwana n'ubukana bwabwo. Abana benshi bafite indwara yo mu mutwe bahura n'ingaruka zikomeye ku buryo bakeneye ubuvuzi bw'ubuzima bwabo bwose. Bamwe bashobora gukenera gusurwa na muganga kenshi gusa. Abandi bashobora gukenera ubuvuzi bw'abahanga amasaha 24/7, bushobora gutangwa gusa mu kigo cy'ubuvuzi.

Kubera ko iki gisubizo gishobora gutandukana cyane, umuganga wawe ni we muntu mwiza wo kukubwira niba umwana wawe, cyangwa uwo ukunda ufite iyi ndwara, ashobora kwiyitaho. Umuganga wawe ashobora kandi kugufasha kumenya uburyo bwiza bwo kwita ku mwana wawe.

Ababyeyi batwite ntibigera bashaka kumva ko hari ikibazo mu mikurire y'umwana uri mu nda cyangwa ko umwana wabo uvutse afite indwara ikomeye. Hari indwara zo mu mutwe ziba ntoya, bivuze ko zigira ingaruka nke ku buzima bw'umwana. Izindi zishobora kuvurwa. Ikibabaje ni uko zimwe ziba zikomeye ku buryo zishobora kwica cyangwa guteza ibibazo by'ubuzima bwe bwose.

Ni ibisanzwe kugira ubwoba, guhangayika, cyangwa kurakara iyo ibintu nk'ibi bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe mu buryo runaka. Muri ibi byose, ni ngombwa kwibanda ku kwita ku buzima bwawe no ku bw'abakunzi bawe. Abaganga bawe bashobora kugufasha muri ubu buryo no gusubiza ibibazo bijyanye n'icyo witeze. Bashobora kandi kugufasha kubona inkunga n'ubufasha ukeneye kugira ngo usobanukirwe ibiri kuba n'icyo ushobora gukora. Uko umusaruro waba umeze kose, hari ibintu ushobora gukora kugira ngo uhangane, ucunge, cyangwa ukire ibibaye, kandi si inzira ugomba kunyuramo wenyine.

Ibintu by'ingenzi cyane ugomba kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

• Indwara zo mu bwonko bw'umwana (Cephalic diseases) ni indwara zibaho iyo ubwonko bw'umwana n'umugongo we bidakura neza mu nda ye.
• Ibi ni gake cyane, ariko bishobora kuva ku bito kugeza ku bikomeye cyane.
• Impamvu ziratandukanye: imiterere y'uturemangingo, imiterere y'umubyeyi mu gihe atwite, guhura n'ibintu bimwe na bimwe, n'ibindi.
• Ibimenyetso, uburyo umuntu avurwa, n'uko abibona biratandukanye cyane bitewe n'ikibazo. Ni ngombwa gushaka inama kwa muganga.
• Nubwo bidashobora kwirindwa burundu, ibyago bishobora kugabanuka ku rugero runaka umuntu akurikiza ubuzima bwiza mu gihe atwite (cyane cyane aside folique) kandi akirinda ibintu bishobora kumuviramo ibyago.
• Ni ibisanzwe kumva ufite ubwoba mu bihe nk'ibi. Nturi wenyine, shaka ubufasha ku baganga n'amatsinda y'abaterankunga.

Indwara zo mu bwonko, Ubusembwa bw'ubwonko, Ubusembwa bw'imiyoboro y'ubwonko, Microcephaly, Hydrocephalus, Ubuzima bwo Gutwita, Imikurire y'Umwana Ukiri Muto