Ese wigeze wumva ibyerekeye gukura kudasanzwe kw'uturemangingo mu mura w'inkondo y'umura? (Cervical Dysplasia) Ntugahangayike, reka tubiganireho!

Ni ibisanzwe kumva ufite ubwoba gato iyo raporo y'ibizamini bya Pap ivuze ko hari impinduka mu turemangingo tw'inkondo y'umura. Ushobora gutekereza uti "Sinzi niba ari kanseri." Ariko ntugahangayike. Kenshi na kenshi, iyi ndwara yitwa 'cervical dysplasia' si kanseri, ahubwo ni indwara ibanziriza kanseri. Reka tubiganireho mu buryo bworoshye, mu buryo ushobora gusobanukirwa.

Dysplasia y'inkondo y'umura ni iki?

Mu magambo make, ni ukwiyongera kw'uturemangingo tudasanzwe ku buso bwa nyababyeyi yawe. Urabizi, nyababyeyi ni umwobo ujya kuri nyababyeyi yawe, uhujwe n'igice cyo hejuru cy'igitsina cyawe. Nanone byitwa nyababyeyi intraepithelial neoplasia, cyangwa (CIN). 'Intraepithelial' bivuze ko uturemangingo tudasanzwe tuba mu gice cy'inyuma cy'inkondo y'umura gusa, kandi ntitwakwirakwiriye inyuma y'urwo rwego. 'Neoplasia' bivuze gukura kudasanzwe kw'uturemangingo.

Tekereza nk'impinduka nto mu gice cyo hejuru cy'uruhu rwacu. Hari igihe ishobora koroherwa ubwayo, cyangwa igakira hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kuvura.

Ese iki kibazo gikomeye gute? Ese twagombye kugira ubwoba?

Nibyo koko ijambo "precancerous" rishobora gutera ubwoba. Ariko icy'ingenzi ni uko atari buri wese ufite cervical dysplasia uzarwara kanseri. Gufatwa n'iyi ndwara bivuze ko niba utabonye ubuvuzi bukenewe, ushobora kurwara kanseri y'inkondo y'umura, kandi ndavuga gusa. Nubwo kanseri yatangira, bifata imyaka myinshi kugira ngo ikureho. Bityo rero, muganga wawe afite umwanya uhagije wo gushaka aho hantu hafite ibibazo no kubikuraho. Rero ni ngombwa kudatinya no gukurikiza inama za muganga wawe.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gushyira mu byiciro uku gukura kudasanzwe kw'uturemangingo?

Mu bihe byashize, iyi ndwara yashyirwaga mu byiciro by’ “yoroshye”, “iringaniye”, cyangwa “ikomeye”, bitewe n’uko uturemangingo tudasanzwe dushobora guhinduka kanseri. Ariko ubu hari uburyo bushya bwo kuyishyira mu byiciro. Ishingiye ku buryo uturemangingo tudasanzwe twakwirakwiriye hirya y’uturemangingo tw’inkondo y’umura. Ibi byitwa “CIN” classification. Ni igipimo kuva kuri kimwe kugeza kuri bitatu.

• CIN 1: Ibi bivuze ko hari uturemangingo tudasanzwe mu gice kimwe cya gatatu cy'ubugari bw'ingingo zo hejuru z'umura w'inkondo y'umura.
• CIN 2: Aha, uturemangingo tudasanzwe dushobora gukwirakwira ahantu hagera kuri kimwe cya gatatu kugeza kuri bibiri bya gatatu by'ubunini bw'uturemangingo.
• CIN 3: Muri ibi, uturemangingo tudasanzwe tuba dutwikiriye ibirenze bibiri bya gatatu by'ubugari bw'uturemangingo.

Noneho, reba, indwara ya `(CIN 1)` akenshi ntabwo iba kanseri mu bihe byinshi. Nanone, ikunze kumera neza ubwayo. Ariko, indwara ya `(CIN 2)` na `(CIN 3)` zishobora gukenera kuvurwa kugira ngo hirindwe ko kanseri yakwiyongera.

Ni nde ugerwaho n'iki kibazo cyane?

Indwara ya cervical dysplasia yibasira abagore bakora imibonano mpuzabitsina. Ikunze kugaragara cyane ku bagore banduye virusi ya Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Ese wari uzi ko HPV ari imwe mu ndwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina zikunze kugaragara ku isi?

Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara cyane ku bagore bari hagati y'imyaka 25 na 35, bivuze ko bageze mu kigero cyo kubyara.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ibi? Wabimenya ute?

Akenshi , indwara ya cervical dysplasia ntabwo itera ibimenyetso. Muganga wawe azasangamo utwo turemangingo tudasanzwe gusa mu gihe cyo gupima Pap. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa cyane gupima Pap ku gihe. Ariko, hari igihe ushobora kubona ibintu nko kugaragara cyangwa kuva amaraso nyuma yo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina.

Kuki iki kibazo kibaho? Impamvu nyamukuru ni iyihe?

Impamvu nyamukuru ibitera ni ukwandura virusi ya `(HPV)`. Iyi virusi ikwirakwira binyuze mu mibonano mpuzabitsina. Akenshi, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe bushobora gukuraho iyi virusi. Hari ubwoko burenga 100 butandukanye bwa virusi ya `(HPV)`. Muri ubwo bwoko, bumwe na bumwe, nka `(HPV-16)` na `(HPV-18)`, bushobora kwanduza imyanya ndangagitsina yawe y'imyororokere no gutera gukura kudasanzwe kw'uturemangingo mu mura w'inkondo y'umura (Cervical Dysplasia).

Abahanga mu bya siyansi bavuga ko abagore barenga 75% bakora imibonano mpuzabitsina bazandura HPV mu gihe runaka mu buzima bwabo. Igihe gikunze kugaragaraho izi ndwara ni hagati y'imyaka 15 na 25. Ariko, inyinshi muri izi ndwara zishira ubwazo nta kibazo gihoraho ziteye. Ni gake cyane, uturemangingo tudasanzwe turakura uko igihe kigenda gihita, bigatera indwara yitwa cervical dysplasia.

Icy'ingenzi: Kwandura HPV ntibivuze ko uzarwara indwara yo mu mura.

Impamvu nyayo ituma abagore bamwe barwara indwara ya cervical dysplasia iyo banduye HPV abandi ntibayirwaze ntabwo iramenyekana. Ariko, hari ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa HPV bushobora gutera ibyago byinshi ndetse n'igihe ubwandu bumara bishobora kugira uruhare. Byongeye kandi, hari n'ibindi bintu byinshi bishobora gutera ibyago:

• Abarengeje imyaka 55: Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko ubwandu bwa HPV bumara igihe kirekire ku bagore barengeje imyaka 55. Ubu bwandu buhita bukira ku bari munsi y'imyaka 25.
• Kunywa itabi: Abantu banywa itabi n'ibikomoka ku itabi bashobora kwikuba kabiri ibyago byo kurwara uturemangingo tw'inkondo y'umura tudasanzwe.
• Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bugabanuka: Niba ufata imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, umubiri wawe ushobora kugorwa no kurwanya ubwandu bwa HPV. Nanone, niba wanduye Virusi itera SIDA (HIV), ishobora no kugabanya ubushobozi bw'umubiri wawe bwo kurwanya ubwandu. Niba ufite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budakomeye kandi ukarwara HPV, ushobora kurwara indwara yo mu mura.

Iyi ndwara ipimwa ite? (Isuzuma)

Birashoboka cyane ko muganga wawe azabona ibimenyetso by'iyi ndwara mu gihe cyo gupima Pap. Niba ibisubizo by'ikizamini cya Pap bitarasobanuka neza cyangwa bigaragaza uturemangingo tudasanzwe, intambwe ikurikiraho ishobora kuba colposcopy, ari yo ikizamini cyo gusuzuma inkondo y'umura.

Iki kizamini cya ""(colposcopy)"" gishobora gukorerwa kwa muganga wawe. Muri iki kizamini, muganga akoresha igikoresho cy'urumuri cyitwa ""colposcope"" kugira ngo arebe uturemangingo tudasanzwe ku nkuta z'inda yawe cyangwa mu gitsina.

Muganga ashobora kandi gufata icyitegererezo cy'ingingo (biopsy) akayohereza muri laboratwari kugira ngo amenye byinshi kuri izi selile. Hari igihe ikizamini cya ADN gishobora gukorwa kugira ngo harebwe ubwoko bwa HPV bufite ibyago byinshi.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura ibi? (Ubuvuzi)

Uburyo bwo kuvura buterwa n'ibintu byinshi. Uburemere bw'indwara yo mu mura, imyaka yawe, ubuzima bwawe, ndetse n'uburyo wifuza bwo kuvura. Wibuke ko bumwe mu buryo bwo kuvura indwara yo mu mura bushobora kugira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwawe bwo gutwita mu gihe kiri imbere. Niba utwite cyangwa uteganya gutwita mu gihe kiri imbere, vugana na muganga wawe ku buryo ushobora kuvura.

Gukurikirana uturemangingo tudasanzwe

Niba ufite indwara idakomeye cyane yitwa `Cervical Dysplasia` (CIN 1), birashoboka ko utazakenera kuvurwa. Kenshi na kenshi, iyi ndwara izakira ubwayo. Ijanisha rito cyane ry'izi ndwara rihinduka kanseri y'inkondo y'umura, hafi 1%. Kubwibyo, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gupima Pap test buri gihe kugira ngo arebe niba hari impinduka zidasanzwe mu turemangingo.

Gukuraho cyangwa gusenya uturemangingo tudasanzwe

Niba indwara yo mu mura wawe ikabije cyane (CIN 2 cyangwa CIN 3), muganga wawe ashobora gukuraho cyangwa gusenya uturemangingo tudasanzwe dushobora kuba kanseri.

Hari uburyo butandukanye bwakoreshejwe muri ibi:

• Uburyo bwo Gukuraho Udupira mu Mugongo hakoreshejwe Electrosurgical Excision (LEEP): Muri ubu buryo, hakoreshwa agakoresho gato k’amashanyarazi gakoresha amashanyarazi kugira ngo gakureho udupira tudasanzwe. Ubu buryo bushobora kandi gufata ingero z’udupira kugira ngo bisuzumwe. Hagati ya 1% na 2% by’abagore bashobora kugira ibibazo nyuma y’ubu buryo, nko kuva amaraso atinze cyangwa kugabanuka k’umura w’inkondo y’umura (stenosis).
• Uburyo bwo gusuzuma icyuma gikonjesha (conization): Muri ubu buryo, muganga akuraho igice cy'umubiri gifite ishusho nk'iy'inyuma kirimo uturemangingo tudasanzwe. Ubu buryo bwakoreshwaga mbere mu kuvura indwara yo mu mura, ariko ubu bukoreshwa ku ndwara zikomeye kurushaho. Ubu buryo bushobora kandi gufata icyitegererezo cy'umubiri kugira ngo gisuzumwe. Ariko, bufite ibyago byinshi byo kugira ingorane, nko kugabanya umura no kuva amaraso nyuma yo kubagwa.
• Gukuraho igitsina: Ni ugukuraho burundu nyababyeyi. Iyo nyababyeyi idakora neza cyangwa ntigire icyo ikora nyuma y’ubundi buryo bwo kuvura, gukuraho igitsina bishobora kuba amahitamo.

Ese iyi ndwara ishobora gukira burundu?

Yego rwose! Hafi 90% by'indwara zose za `(Cervical Dysplasia)` zishobora gukira hakoreshejwe gukuraho cyangwa gusenya uturemangingo tudasanzwe. `(Cervical Dysplasia)` ntabwo ikunze gutera kanseri. Nubwo yabaho, igenda buhoro cyane. Bityo rero hari igihe gihagije cyo kwa muganga cyo kuyivura no kuyivura.

Wakwirinda iki kibazo gute? (Kwirinda)

Uburyo bwonyine bwo kwirinda indwara ya cervical dysplasia ni ukwirinda kwandura HPV. Niba usanzwe ufite HPV, kwipimisha Pap test buri gihe bishobora kugufasha kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'inkondo y'umura. Isuzuma rya Pap test ntirishobora gukumira indwara ya cervical dysplasia, ariko rishobora gufasha kumenya indwara ya cervical dysplasia hakiri kare no kuyirinda ko yahinduka kanseri.

Dore bimwe mu bintu ushobora gukora:

• Shaka urukingo rwa HPV: Uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda HPV na dysplasia yo mu mura ni urukingo. FDA yemeje inkingo eshatu zirinda ubwoko bwa HPV bukunze kugaragara mu mura: Gardasil®, Gardasil 9®, na Cervarix®. CDC isaba ko abantu bose bari hagati y'imyaka 9 na 26 babona urukingo. Niba uri hagati y'imyaka 27 na 45, ganira na muganga wawe ku byiza byo kubona urukingo. Urukingo ntirushobora kuvura abantu basanzwe bafite HPV cyangwa dysplasia yo mu mura, ariko rushobora gufasha mu gukumira ubwandu mu bihe bimwe na bimwe.
• Kwirinda imibonano mpuzabitsina cyangwa gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina yirinze: Ushobora kwirinda kwandura HPV wirinda gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina, harimo imibonano mpuzabitsina ihuza igitsina, ikibuno, n'umunwa. Ushobora kandi kugabanya ibyago byo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina yirinze. Koresha agakingirizo cyangwa uturindantoki tw'amenyo mu gihe cy'imibonano mpuzabitsina. Gabanya umubare w'abafatanyabikorwa mu mibonano mpuzabitsina.
• Kora ibizamini bya Pap buri gihe: Ugomba gukora ibizamini bya Pap bwa mbere ufite imyaka 21. Niba ibizamini byawe bya Pap ari ibisanzwe, inama zigezweho ni uko wakora ibizamini bya Pap buri myaka itatu kuva ku myaka 21 kugeza kuri 29. Niba uri hagati y'imyaka 30 na 65, ugomba gukora ibizamini bya Pap na HPV buri myaka itanu.
• Irinde kunywa itabi no gukoresha ibikomoka ku itabi: Niba unywa itabi, ushobora kwandura HPV cyane cyane indwara yo mu kibuno, ikaba ari indwara ikomeye.

Bizagenda bite iyo ngize iyi ndwara?

Iyo igaragaye hakiri kare, igipimo cyo gukira kwa dysplasia yo mu mura kiba kiri hejuru cyane. Ku bagore bafite dysplasia y’akaga gakomeye, ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y’umura bigabanukaho 95% mu myaka umunani ya mbere nyuma yo kuvurwa.

Nyuma yo gupimwa indwara ya dysplasia yo mu mura, muganga wawe azagukurikiranira hafi kugira ngo arebe niba uturemangingo tudasanzwe twongeye gukura cyangwa tukarwara kanseri. Uzakenera kandi gupimwa Pap na HPV buri gihe. Nyuma yo kuvurwa, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gupimwa Pap buri mezi atatu kugeza kuri atandatu mu gihe cy'umwaka umwe cyangwa ibiri. Nyuma y'ibyo, ushobora gupimwa Pap buri mwaka.

Ni ibihe bibazo ngomba kubaza muganga wanjye?

Iyo umenye ko ufite ikibazo cyo kubura amaraso mu mura, ni ibisanzwe kugira ibibazo byinshi mu mutwe wawe. Dore bimwe mu bibazo ushobora kubaza muganga wawe:

• Ese nkwiye kubona urukingo rwa HPV?
• Indwara yanjye ya `(Cervical Dysplasia)` ikomeye gute?
• Ese mfite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri y'inkondo y'umura?
• Ni gute iyi ndwara `(Cervical Dysplasia)` izagira ingaruka ku nda yanjye? (Niba utwite cyangwa wifuza gusama)
• Ni ibihe bipimo ngomba gupima kugira ngo nkurikirane uburwayi bwanjye? Nkwiye kubipima kangahe?
• Ni gute uburyo bwo kuvura `(Cervical Dysplasia)` buzagira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwanjye bwo gutwita mu gihe kiri imbere?

Wibuke ko utagomba gutinya kubaza muganga wawe ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose ufite, nubwo cyaba gito. Ni ingenzi cyane kumenya ubuzima bwawe.

Amaherezo, icyo ugomba kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Ni ibisanzwe kugira ubwoba iyo umenye ko ufite indwara ibanziriza kanseri yitwa "Cervical Dysplasia" ku mura wawe w'inkondo y'umura. Ariko, ibuka ko ibi atari ko buri gihe bitera kanseri . Iyo igaragaye hakiri kare kandi ikavurwa neza, kanseri y'inkondo y'umura ishobora kwirindwa.

Rero, wirinde kwandura HPV. Fata urukingo rwa HPV. Kora imibonano mpuzabitsina yitekanye. Ntuzigere ubura ikizamini cya Pap. Wite ku buzima bwawe! Ntabwo uri wenyine, muganga wawe arahari kugira ngo aganire nawe kandi agufashe.

` Dysplasia y'inkondo y'umura, uturemangingo tw'inkondo y'umura tudasanzwe, HPV, Pap test, ubuzima bw'abagore, indwara itaratangira kanseri, kanseri y'inkondo y'umura