Ese wigeze ugira ikibazo nk'iki nyuma yo kurya amafi? Reka tuvuge kuri Ciguatera!

Ifi ni ifunguro rikundwa na twese, cyane cyane ifi iryoshye ifatwa mu nyanja ya Sri Lanka. Ariko rimwe na rimwe, mu buryo butunguranye, umaze kuyirya, ushobora kumva ububabare mu nda, uzumva, ndetse ugacika intege. Nubwo waba utazi impamvu, ishobora kuba uburozi bw'ifi buteje akaga. Uyu munsi, tugiye kuvuga ku burozi bw'ifi buteye ubwoba gato, ariko ingenzi cyane kubimenya. Ibi byitwa Ciguatera.

Ciguatera ni iki? Mu magambo make...

Muri make, Ciguatera ni ubwoko bw'uburozi bw'ibiryo buterwa n'ibiryo iyo turiye amafi arimo uburozi bwitwa Ciguatoxin . Ubu bwoko bw'uburozi bw'imitsi . Ibi bivuze ko bugira ingaruka zitaziguye ku mikorere y'imitsi yacu.

Tekereza, ubwoko bw'ibimera byo mu nyanja (algae) byitwa dinoflagellates (cyane cyane ubwoko bwa `Gambierdiscus toxicus`) bikura hafi y'amabuye y'inyanja, ari bito cyane ku buryo bitagaragara n'amaso, bitanga uburozi bwitwa ciguatoxin. Hanyuma, amafi mato arya ibi bimera arundanya ubu burozi mu mibiri yabyo. Hanyuma, amafi manini arya ayo mafi mato - nka grouper na snapper turya - arundanya ubu burozi mu mibiri yabyo.

Igitangaje ni uko ubu burozi ntacyo bwangiza cyane ku mafi. Ariko, ikibazo ni uko turya ifi ifite ubu bwoko bw'uburozi. Icyo gihe bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo bw'igogora gusa, ku mitsi, no ku mitsi , ndetse no ku mitsi , ni ukuvuga umutima.

Ubusanzwe Ciguatera si indwara ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga. Ariko, niba ubonye ibi bimenyetso, ni ngombwa cyane kujya mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze (ER) byihutirwa . Ubu ni bwo buryo bwonyine bwo gutuma ubuzima bwawe buhagarara neza kandi wirinde ingorane zikomeye.

Ni hehe uburozi bukunze kuvugwa cyane?

Umuntu wese ku isi ashobora kwandura ubu burozi. Ibi bibaho cyane cyane iyo uriye amafi mu turere dufite amabuye y’agaciro arimo algae y’uburozi (Dinoflagellates) navuze mbere. Ibi birimo uturere nk’inyanja ya Karayibe n’inyanja ya Pasifika y’Amajyepfo. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, iyi ngaruka igaragara mu mafi yo mu nyanja za Florida y’Amajyepfo, Bahamas, Ibirwa bya Virgin, Porto Rico, na Hawaii.

Ariko rero, amafi arobwa ahantu nk'aha akwirakwira ku isi yose. Rero, aho warya amafi hose, icy'ingenzi ni ukumenya ubwoko bw'akarere k'inyanja amafi urya yarobwemo. Kubera ko dufite n'amabuye y'agaciro muri Sri Lanka, ni ngombwa cyane kubimenya.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'amafi bushobora kubamo uburozi bwa Ciguatoxin?

Ubwoko bw'amafi manini arenga 400 arya amafi mato bushobora kuba burimo ubu burozi bwa ciguatoxin. Ibi bivuze ko iyo uriye imwe muri aya mafi, ushobora kwandura ubu burozi. Akenshi, aya mafi ni manini aba hafi y'amabuye y'agaciro ya korali kandi agafata andi mafi. Urugero, amafi nka moray eels, barracudas, na amberjacks.

Dore amwe mu moko y'amafi akunze gutera uburozi bwa Ciguatera:

• Amberjack
• Barracuda
• Umuhuza w'itsinda
• Moray eel
• Ifi ya Parrot
• Umutobe utukura
• Ifi yo mu nyanja
• Mackerel yo muri Esipanye
• Sturgeon
• Ifi y'inzoga

Wamenya ute ko ifi ifite uburozi bwa ciguatoxin?

Icyo ni cyo kibazo. Nta buryo bwo kumenya neza keretse ubipimye muri laboratwari. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Ikigo gishinzwe ibiribwa n'imiti (FDA) gifite laboratwari zipima ubu burozi mu mafi. Ariko ibyo ntabwo ari ingirakamaro iyo uteka amafi mu rugo cyangwa urya amafi n'inshuti yawe ku ifunguro rya nimugoroba.

Ifi irimo Ciguatoxin ntabwo ihindura impumuro yayo, uburyohe bwayo, cyangwa uko igaragara mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose. Ni nk'andi mafi asanzwe. Nanone, ubu burozi ntibushira nubwo bwaba bushyizwe mu rubura cyangwa butetse neza. Icyo ni kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye mu kwirinda uburozi bw'amafi ya Ciguatera. Ikibazo ni uko bidashoboka kumenya ubu burozi buhari utabanje kureba muri laboratwari, kandi uburozi ntibushobora gukurwaho mu gihe cyo guteka.

Ciguatera ikunze kugaragara gute?

Ubu ni bwo burozi bw’ibiryo bukunze kuvugwa cyane buterwa n’amafi. Abantu bagera ku bihumbi ijana (50.000) bandura ku isi yose buri mwaka. Ariko, birashoboka ko hari abantu benshi bavurwa iki kibazo ariko ntibamenyekane.

Abahanga mu bya siyansi bavuga ko umubare w’abarwayi ba Ciguatera ushobora kwiyongera bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere . Ibi biterwa nuko imihindagurikire y’ikirere irimo kongera kwangirika kw’amabuye y’agaciro. Algae yitwa `Gambierdiscus toxicus` ikora ciguatoxin ikura neza hafi y’amabuye y’agaciro ...

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'uburozi bw'amafi ya Ciguatera?

Ibimenyetso bikunze gutangira mu masaha atandatu umuntu ariye amafi y’uburozi. Hari igihe ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragara mu minota 30 nyuma yo kurya amafi, cyangwa bigatinda kugeza ku munsi umwe.

Ibimenyetso by'ingenzi ni ibi bikurikira:

• Isesemi no kuruka
• Impiswi (kubabara mu gifu)
• Kumva unaniwe kandi unaniwe
• Umutwe
• Kureba nabi
• Kubona ibintu bitabaho (delucinations)
• Kuzungera no kubabara mu mutwe
• Kubira ibyuya byinshi
• Kuryarya gukabije
• Kumva ubabara amenyo cyangwa iryinyo riri kugenda
• Uburyohe bushyushye kandi bw'icyuma mu kanwa
• Kubabara imitsi, ingingo, cyangwa igifu
• Kubabara cyangwa gushyuha mu kanwa, mu ntoki no mu mano
• Kumva ibintu bishyushye bikonje n'ibintu bikonje bishyushye (ibi byitwa `Allodynia`)

Uretse ibi, hari n'ibindi bimenyetso bikomeye ariko bidakunze kugaragara cyane:

• Kumva ukonje, guhinda umushyitsi
• Kwangirika k'uruhu
• Kubura amaguru n'amaboko (Parame)
• Gutonyanga amazi mu kanwa no mu maso
• Kugorwa no guhumeka (Dyspnea)
• Umutima utera buhoro buhoro (Bradycardia)
• Umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hasi (Hypotension)

Niba ubonye kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi bimenyetso nyuma yo kurya amafi nk'ayo, ugomba guhita ubonana na muganga.

Kuki Ciguatera ibaho?

Ciguatera iterwa n'uburyo imibiri yacu ikora iyo ihuye n'uburozi navuze , Ciguatoxin. Ubu burozi bukorwa n'ubwoko bw'ibimera byo mu nyanja. Uko ubu burozi buzamuka mu ruhererekane rw'ibiribwa - kuva ku mafi mato kugera ku mafi manini hanyuma bukagera ku bantu - burushaho kuba bukomeye kandi bukangiza. Urugero, amafi manini yo mu turere dushyuha arya amafi mato agira uburozi bwinshi cyane bwa Ciguatoxin mu gifu cyayo. Ubu burozi bushobora kuba bwinshi cyane mu mutwe w'ifi, mu mara, mu mwijima no mu magi .

Iyo uriye ifi ifite uburozi, uturemangingo tw’imitsi yawe tuba twahuye n’ubu burozi. Buhindura uburyo imitsi yawe ikora. Kubera iyo mpamvu, uhura n’ibi bimenyetso:

• Ibyerekeranye n'igogora (nk'isesemi, kuruka)
• Ibyerekeye uturemangingo tw'imitsi (nk'ibishishwa, kuribwa mu nda, ububabare)
• Umutima n'imitsi (nk'umutima utera gahoro)

Ibi bikwirakwira bite?

Ubona Ciguatera gusa iyo uriye amafi afite uburozi.

Ariko, hari ikintu kimwe. Ababyeyi benshi bonsa banduye Ciguatera bavuze ko abana babo nabo bagaragaje ibimenyetso nko kurwara impiswi no kurwara uduheri ku ruhu . Ibi bivuze ko uburozi bushobora kwanduzwa umwana binyuze mu konsa. Kubwibyo, ni byiza guhagarika konsa kugeza igihe uzaba wakize iyi ndwara.

Ni izihe ngorane zishobora guterwa na Ciguatera?

Iyo uruka cyane, ushobora kubura amazi . Ibi bivuze ko umubiri wawe udafite amazi ahagije. Ushobora gukenera guhabwa saline (IV fluids) mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze (ETU) kugira ngo wongere amazi mu mubiri wawe. Ingorane zishobora guteza akaga zirimo kunanirwa guhumeka no kunanirwa k’umutima.Nibyo. Nubwo Ciguatera ikunze kuba atari yo yica, ni ngombwa kujya mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bwihuse kugira ngo hirindwe izi ngorane zikomeye.

Ni gute wamenya Ciguatera?

Uburyo bwonyine bwo kumenya neza niba urwaye Ciguatera ni ugupima ifi wariye muri laboratwari kugira ngo barebe niba irimo uburozi. Ariko rero, nta gihe cyo kubikora iyo ugiye mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze.

Kubwibyo, muganga cyangwa umuforomo azagusuzuma akurikije ibimenyetso byawe n'uko uherutse kurya ubwoko bw'ifi ishobora gutera akaga .

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura Ciguatera?

Nta muti wihariye w’ubu burozi uhari , bityo kuvura biba bigamije cyane cyane kugenzura ibimenyetso no gukumira ingorane zishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga.

Ubu buryo bwo kuvura ni ubuhe?

Ibi bikurikira bishobora gukorwa nk'ubuvuzi:

• Amakara akoreshwa: Niba wariye amafi mu masaha ane, kandi utari mu kaga ko kubura amazi, muganga wawe ashobora kuguha amakara akoreshwa kugira ngo akuvure. Ibi bishobora kandi kugabanya uburyo bumwe na bumwe bwo kwinjiza uburozi.
• Imiti igabanya ubukana bw'amaraso mu mubiri (Osmotic diuretics): Iyi miti ifasha kugabanya amazi menshi mu mubiri wawe no kugabanya ibimenyetso bifitanye isano n'imitsi. Niba indwara yawe imeze neza kandi utari mu kaga ko kubura amazi mu mubiri, ushobora guhabwa umuti witwa Mannitol (Osmitrol®) binyuze mu muti wa saline (IV) kugira ngo ugabanye ibimenyetso.
• Imiti igabanya ububabare: Ushobora guhabwa Gabapentin cyangwa Amitriptyline kugira ngo ugabanye ububabare bw'imitsi. Ibi bishobora kandi kugabanya ingaruka mbi nko kuribwa cyane. Ku bubabare rusange, ushobora guhabwa umuti ugabanya ububabare utari steroide (NSAID) cyangwa acetaminophen (Tylenol®) .

Ni ibihe biribwa n'ibinyobwa nkwiye kwirinda nyuma yo kuvurwa?

Hari ibiryo bimwe na bimwe bishobora gutuma ibimenyetso bigaruka ku bantu bakize Ciguatera. Kubwibyo, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo kwirinda ibi biribwa.

Ni byiza kwirinda ibi bintu byibuze mu gihe cy'amezi atandatu :

• Inzoga (ibi byongera ibyago byo kurwara ibimenyetso by'umutima).
• Amafi (ndetse n'amafi atari uburozi).
• Ubunyobwa.
• Ubwoko bw'imbuto.

Nzakira vuba gute nyuma yo kuvurwa?

Ku bantu benshi, ibimenyetso biragabanuka mu minsi mike cyangwa ibyumweru bike . Ariko, mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, ibimenyetso bishobora kumara amezi menshi, ndetse rimwe na rimwe bikaba imyaka myinshi. Akenshi, ibimenyetso bifitanye isano n'imitsi bimara igihe kirekire.

Bigenda bite uramutse ufashe Ciguatera?

Abantu benshi barakira mu byumweru bike. Ariko, bishobora gufata amezi, ndetse n'imyaka, kugira ngo ibimenyetso byose by'imitsi bishire burundu. Iyo wirinze ibiryo n'ibinyobwa (nk'inzoga) bishobora gutera ibyo bimenyetso, amaherezo uzakira burundu.

Igipimo cy'impfu zikomoka ku burozi bwa Ciguatera kiri hasi cyane - hafi umwe mu 1.000. Impfu nyinshi ziterwa n'ingorane zigira ingaruka ku mutima no ku bihaha. Izo ngorane zishobora kwirindwa iyo ugiye mu cyumba cy'ubutabazi bwihuse.

Ese uburozi bw'amafi ya Ciguatera bushobora kwirindwa?

Uburyo bwonyine bwo kwirinda Ciguatera ni ukwirinda kurya amafi arimo uburozi. Ikibazo ni uko nta buryo bwo kumenya niba ifi runaka irimo ubu burozi utabanje kubupima muri laboratwari.

Ushobora kugabanya ibyago byawe wirinda amafi aboneka hafi y’amabuye y’agaciro ya korali, ashobora kuba arimo Ciguatera. Niba urya ayo mafi, wirinde ibice bishobora kuba birimo uburozi - umutwe, amara, umwijima n’amagi.

Ni ryari nkwiye kujya mu bitaro (ETU) byihuse?

Niba uherutse kurya amafi yo mu mazi ashyuha n'ay'ubushyuhe kandi ukaba ubona ibimenyetso bya Ciguatera, jya mu cyumba cyita ku barwayi b'ingoboka (ETU) vuba. Gufata ingamba vuba bishobora gukumira ingorane zishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga.

Ni ibihe bibazo ngomba kubaza muganga?

Iyo ugiye kwa muganga, ni byiza kubaza ibi bibazo:

• Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura ngomba kugenzura ibimenyetso byanjye?
• Nindamuka nduhutse, nzasuzumwa kangahe?
• Ni ibihe biribwa n'ibinyobwa nkwiye kwirinda mu minsi/ibyumweru/amezi ari imbere?
• Nakora iki kugira ngo nkomeze kugira ubuzima bwiza kandi nkore neza mu gihe nkiri mu burozi bw'ibiryo?
• Ese nkwiye kwirinda burundu kurya amafi yo mu bwoko bwa korali mu gihe kizaza?

Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo

Ciguatera ni indwara ishobora kugutwara mu bitaro ako kanya nyuma yo kurya ifi iryoshye. Uburyo bwonyine bwo kuyirinda - ari ukureka kurya ifi zo mu turere dushyuha burundu - bushobora kugorana gato kuko bivuze kureka ibiryo ukunda. Si buri firigo y'umutuku cyangwa iy'amabuye y'agaciro urya irimo ubu burozi. Ariko, ni ngombwa kumenya ibimenyetso ugomba guhita ubonana na muganga.

Niba uriye imwe muri izo fi ziteje akaga, ukagira ikibazo mu nda, intege nke, ibinure, kuribwa mu nda, cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso by'imitsi, jya mu cyumba cyita ku barwayi b'ingorabahizi (ETU) vuba. Icyo ni cyo kintu cyiza ushobora gukora.

"Ciguatera, uburozi bw'amafi, uburozi bw'ibiryo, uburozi bw'imitsi, uburozi bw'amafi yo mu nyanja, ibimenyetso by'amafi yo mu nyanja ya korali