Ese ufite imbeba nk'iyi mu jisho ryawe? Reka tuvuge kuri Melanoma yo mu gice cy'ijisho!

Ese wigeze ubona akadomo k'umukara cyangwa akantu gato ku gice cy'umweru cy'ijisho ryawe? Ushobora kuba utarabibonye. Ariko, bishobora kuba bitari byoroshye nkuko ubyibwira. Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku ndwara idakunze kugaragara ariko ishobora guteza akaga mu jisho.

Melanoma yo mu gice cy'imbere cy'inyuma ni iki?

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Mu magambo make, melanoma yo mu ijosi ni ubwoko budasanzwe bwa kanseri bushobora kugaragara mu jisho ryawe. Hari n'abayita ``Conjunctival Malignant Melanoma.'' Noneho ushobora kuba wibaza icyo ``conjunctiva'' ari cyo. Ni ururenda rugaragara rutwikira imbere mu jisho ryawe, igice cy'umweru cy'ijisho ryawe (cyanone cyitwa ``sclera'') . Mu by'ukuri, akenshi iyi melanoma ikura muri ``bulbar conjunctiva'', ururenda rw'umunwa rurinda igice cy'umweru cy'ijisho ryawe.

Mu by’ukuri iyi ni ubwoko bwa kanseri y’amaso (melanoma y’amaso). Melanoma itangira iyo uturemangingo twitwa melanocytes dutangiye gukura mu buryo butunguranye . Izi melanocytes zikora ibara ryitwa melanin riha uruhu rwacu, umusatsi, n’amaso ibara ryabyo. Ushobora kuba warumvise ibya melanoma y’uruhu, kandi ni byo. Ariko iyi ni imwe mu ngira ingaruka ku maso. Ni ngombwa kwibuka ko iyi ndwara rimwe na rimwe ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga .

Iki kibazo gikunze kugaragara gute?

Mu by’ukuri, melanoma yo mu maso ni kanseri idakunze kugaragara . Ingana na 2% gusa by’ibibyimba byose by’amaso. Ingana kandi na 0.25%, cyangwa hafi kimwe cya kane, by’ibibyimba byose by’amaso. Ariko bivugwa ko umubare w’abandura wiyongereyeho gato mu myaka ya vuba aha.

Mu bihugu by'Iburengerazuba bw'Isi, iyi ndwara iri hagati ya 0.2 na 0.5 kuri miliyoni ku bantu ku mwaka. Ikunze kugaragara cyane ku bazungu batari Abahispaniya. Ariko, ishobora no kugaragara ku bantu bo muri Aziya, abirabura n'Abanyahispaniya. Ni gake cyane ku bana .

Ikindi kandi, iyi kanseri yo mu maso ntabwo ari ubwoko bwa kanseri y'amaso nka `retinoblastoma` cyangwa `melanoma yo mu maso`. `Melanoma yo mu maso` ni imwe igaragara mu gice cyo hagati cy'ijisho (`uvea`), kandi ni yo kanseri ikunze kugaragara mu jisho. `Retinoblastoma` ni imwe igaragara muri retina , iri inyuma y'ijisho.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ibi?

Nta bimenyetso bishobora kugaragara mu ntangiriro za melanoma y'amaso. Ariko, niba ugaragaje ibimenyetso bya melanoma yo mu ijosi, bishobora kuba birimo:

• Ifuru ifite ibara (ibara) iri imbere mu jisho . Hari igihe iyi furu ishobora kuba idafite ibara. Muri icyo gihe, yitwa `amelanotic Conjunctival Melanoma` . `Amelanotic` bisobanura `ibura` melanin.
• Iki gice gishobora kuba kirambuye nk'ikibyimba cyangwa kikazamuka nk'ikibyimba (`nodular`).
• Ibi biba mu jisho rimwe gusa (`uruhande rumwe`).

Impamvu ni iyihe?

Kubera ko melanoma yo mu gace k'imbere ikunze kugaragara cyane, abashakashatsi ntibaramenya neza impamvu nyayo iyitera . Ingirabuzimafatizo zishobora kugira uruhare, ariko ntizanduzanya cyangwa ngo zikwirakwizwe ziva ku muntu zijya ku wundi.

Ariko, hari ibintu bibiri bigaragara ko bifitanye isano n’iterambere rya melanoma yo mu gice cy’imbere cy’uruti rw’umugongo. Ibi ni ibi bikurikira:

• (`Primary Acquired Melanosis` – PAM): Aha niho uvuka utudomo turenze mm 1, kandi dushobora kuba dufite ibara, tutari tuhari igihe wavukaga. Iyi ndwara ya `PAM` ishobora kubaho iyo utwite tudasanzwe cyangwa tudafite.
• Nevi yo mu gice cy'imbere cy'inyuma: Ibi ni byo dukunze kwita ibibara byo mu gihe cy'amavuko, ibibara by'inyuma cyangwa uduheri.

Ese hari ibindi bintu bishobora gutera ibyago?

Hari ibintu byinshi bishobora gutera indwara ya melanoma y'amaso muri rusange:

• Kugira amaso y'ubururu cyangwa icyatsi kibisi.Abantu bafite amaso y'umukara werurutse bafite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara melanoma mu jisho kurusha abafite amaso y'umukara.
• Kuba umuzungu. Abazungu bafite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara melanoma y'ijisho kurusha abo mu yandi moko.
• Ugenda urushaho gusaza. Ibi byago biriyongera uko ugenda urushaho gusaza.

Abahanga mu bya siyansi batekereza ko kwibasirwa n'urumuri rwa ultraviolet nabyo bishobora kuba impamvu y'akaga.

Ni izihe ngorane ibi bishobora gutera?

Iyo itavuwe, melanoma ishobora gutera ububabare bwo kutabona ndetse n'urupfu .

Ubimenya ute?

Umuganga w’amaso wawe (inzobere mu by’amaso) ashobora kubona melanoma yo mu maso mu gihe cyo gusuzuma amaso buri gihe. Iyo abikeka, ashobora gutumiza ibizamini nk'ibi bikurikira:

• Isuzuma rya Ultrasound (`Ultrasonography`).
• Tomografia y'Ubushobozi bwo Guhuza Ishusho (OCT): Iki ni ikizamini gikoresha urumuri rwa laser kugira ngo gipime ubunini bw'agace k'amaso.
• Ikizamini cya biopsy.

Niba muganga w'amaso atekereza ko iyi kanseri y'amaso ishobora kuba yarakwirakwiriye mu bice bimwe by'umubiri, ashobora gusaba ko isuzuma ryinyongera. Urugero:

• Gupima amaraso .
• Ibindi bizamini byo gufata amashusho nka `PET scan`, ` CT scan` (`Computed Tomography scan`), cyangwa ` MRI scan` (`Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan`).

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura ibi?

Muganga wawe azavugana nawe kandi agufashe guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura indwara yawe. Ubuvuzi bushobora kuba burimo kimwe muri ibi bikurikira:

• Gukuraho igisebe kubagwa.
• Cryotherapy (kuvura hakoreshejwe ibicurane bikabije).
• Ubuvuzi bushingiye ku mirasire na chimiotherapie yo mu mubiri ni uburyo bwunganira gusa (ni ukuvuga, ntabwo ari uburyo bwa mbere bwo kuvura). Ubuvuzi bushingiye ku mirasire bushobora kuba burimo brachytherapy na external radiation therapy .

Ni izihe ngaruka mbi cyangwa ingorane zo kuvurwa?

Ingorane zishobora guterwa no kubagwa kwa melanoma yo mu gice cy'imbere cy'uruti rw'umugongo zirimo:

• Inkovu ku mboni yawe.
• Kwandura indwara.
• Kureba kabiri (`Diplopia`).

Ingorane zishobora guterwa no kuvura indwara ya cryotherapy:

• Kwangirika by'igihe gito cyangwa burundu kw'ibice by'ijisho ryawe, ndetse no ku mboni.
• Irite (kubyimba mu nda y'amaso yawe).

Ingorane zishobora guterwa na chimiotherapie yo mu bwoko bwa shimi:

• Gushwanyagurika.
• Kubabara amaso.
• Kubabara amaso.
• Blepharospasm (guhindagura kw'ijisho).
• Inkovu zo mu ruhu rw'inyuma.

Ingorane zishobora guterwa no kuvurwa hakoreshejwe imirasire:

• Amaso yumye.
• Gukomereka kw'ijisho ry'ijisho by'agateganyo.
• Kubura kw'ingohe.
• Indwara z'amaso zifata isura.

Iyo ubu buryo bwo kuvura budafashe neza, muganga wawe ashobora no kuba agomba gukuramo ijisho ryagize ikibazo .

Nzumva meze neza vuba gute nyuma yo kuvurwa?

Uburyo wumva umeze neza vuba biterwa n'ubwoko bw'ubuvuzi uhabwa . Muganga wawe azabiganiraho nawe mu gihe ahitamo uburyo bwo kuvura bukubereye.

Ese melanoma yo mu maso ishobora kwirindwa?

Ntibishoboka kwirinda burundu melanoma yo mu gace k'imbere k'umugongo, ariko hari ibintu ushobora gukora kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kurwara.

Nagabanya gute ibyago?

Ushobora kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara melanoma yo mu gice cy'imbere cy'uruti rw'umugongo uramutse wambaye indorerwamo z'izuba nziza n'ingofero , cyane cyane iyo hanze hari izuba ryinshi. Ibi bizagufasha kwirinda imirasire ya UV. Birashoboka kandi ko byaba byiza kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara izuba.

Ni iki nakwitega mu gihe mfite melanoma yo mu gice cy'imbere cy'uruti rw'umugongo?

Iyo urwaye kanseri yo mu gice cy'imbere cy'umubiri (conjunctival melanoma), iyo ivuwe, icyizere cyo kubaho ni cyiza . Ariko, ushobora kugira ikibazo cyo kutabona neza. Iyo kanseri yo mu gice cy'imbere cy'umubiri (conjunctival melanoma) ikwirakwira (metastases), ni ukuvuga ikagera no mu bindi bice by'umubiri, iyi ndwara ishobora kuba mbi cyane. Iyo ibaye, ishobora gukwirakwira mu bihaha no mu duce tw'amaraso .

Nitwara nte?

Dore bimwe mu bintu ushobora gukora kugira ngo wite ku buzima bwawe:

• Teganya kandi witabire gahunda n'ikipe yawe y'abaganga ku gihe.
• Kurya neza.
• Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe.
• Kugabanya stress.
• Menya kandi ukoreshe serivisi z'abantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona neza no kutabona neza.

Ni ryari ngomba kubonana na muganga wanjye?

Niba hari ikintu gishya cyangwa kikubangamiye ku buzima bwawe cyangwa kureba kwawe bitari mu gihe usanzwe ubonana na muganga, hita ubonana na muganga .

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya nevus yo mu gice cy'imbere cy'uruti n'iy'imbere mu gice cy'imbere cy'uruti?

Indwara yo mu gice cy'imbere cy'uruti rw'umugongo ni ikintu kidatera kanseri (kitari kanseri) ku gice cy'imbere cy'uruti rw'umugongo. Mu magambo atari ay'ubuvuzi, indwara yo mu gice cy'imbere cy'uruti rw'umugongo yitwa kandi ikimenyetso cy'ubwiza. Indwara yo mu gice cy'imbere cy'uruti rw'umugongo si kanseri, ariko hari igihe indwara yo mu gice cy'imbere cy'uruti rw'umugongo ishobora kuba kanseri, yitwa melanoma yo mu gice cy'imbere cy'uruti rw'umugongo .

Niba ubonye ahantu hashya, hagenda habyimba cyangwa harushaho kwiyongera kw'aho hantu hasanzwe ku gice cy'umweru cy'ijisho ryawe, ugomba kujya kwa muganga w'amaso . Kumva ko ushobora kuba ufite kanseri yo mu ijosi, bishobora kuba amarangamutima avanze. Ariko, ni byiza kwisuzumisha neza no gutangira kuvurwa vuba bishoboka. Ibi bizagufasha kugira umusaruro mwiza ushoboka (prognosis).

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka

Rero, ndizera ko ubu usobanukiwe neza icyo twavuze, melanoma yo mu ijosi. Ijisho ni urugingo rworoshye cyane . Kubwibyo, niba ubonye impinduka nto cyangwa ikintu kidasanzwe mu jisho ryawe, ntukirengagize. Cyane cyane, witondere utudomo dushya, utudomo twijimye, n'ibibyimba. Kubimenya hakiri kare no kuvurwa vuba ni ingenzi cyane muri bene ibyo bibazo . Kubwibyo, ni ingenzi cyane gusuzumwa amaso nibura rimwe mu mwaka. Niba ufite ikibazo, ntutindiganye kuvugana na muganga wawe.