Reka twige ku igeragezwa rya Coombs mu buryo bworoshye.

Hari igihe iyo muganga wacu atwandikiye ikizamini cy'amaraso, ntitubasha kumenya neza icyo ari cyo. Rimwe muri ayo mazina ni 'Coombs test'. Ugomba kuba warumvise iby'iki kizamini, cyane cyane niba utwite, watewe amaraso, cyangwa niba umwana wawe afite indwara nk'umuhondo w'umuhondo. Reka turebe icyo iki kizamini gishaka mu by'ukuri n'impamvu ari ingenzi, mu buryo bworoshye cyane.

Mu magambo make, iki kizamini cya Coombs ni iki?

Umubiri wacu ufite uburyo bwo kwirwanaho, nk'ingabo zirinda igihugu. Abasirikare badasanzwe muri izi ngabo batwita abasirikare . Akazi kabo k'ingenzi ni ukuturinda indwara mu kurwanya abanzi, nka mikorobe, bagiteri, na virusi, zitwa antigens , zinjira mu mubiri ziturutse hanze.

Ariko tekereza, bigenda bite iyo rimwe na rimwe izi ngabo zirwana zikoze ikosa zigatangira kwibasira uturemangingo twacu twiza kandi dufite ubuzima bwiza aho kutwita abanzi b’amahanga? Icyo ni cyo kintu kibi cyane. Ikizamini cya Coombs gisuzuma niba hari uturemangingo mu maraso yacu dushobora kwibasira uturemangingo dutukura, cyangwa niba dusanzwe tutwibasira.

Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ikizamini cya Coombs.

Yego, hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bw'iki kizamini cya Coombs. Muganga azakubwira gukora kimwe muri ibi bibiri. Reka turebe itandukaniro riri hagati yabyo muri ubu buryo.

Kuki ikizamini cya Coombs ari ingenzi cyane mu gihe cyo gutwita?

Ikizamini cya Indirect Coombs, gikorwa mu gihe utwite, kigenzura niba amaraso y'umubyeyi afite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri burwanya Rh factor. Noneho reka turebe icyo iyi Rh factor ari cyo.

Tekereza, uretse ubwoko bw'amaraso yacu (A, B, AB, O), hashobora kuba hari indi poroteyine idasanzwe, cyangwa 'ikimenyetso', ku turemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso. Ibi byitwa Rh factor .

• Iyo iki kimenyetso kibonetse, ubwo bwoko bw'amaraso buba bufite Rh-positive (urugero: O positive, A positive).
• Iyo iki kimenyetso kidahari, ubwo bwoko bw'amaraso buba ari ubwa Rh-negative (urugero: O negative, A negative).

Noneho tekereza kuri ibi: Bigenda bite iyo ubwoko bw'amaraso ya nyina ari Rh-negative (bivuze ko adafite icyo kimenyetso cyihariye), ariko umwana uri mu nda akaba ari we uzungura ubwoko bw'amaraso ya se kandi akaba afite Rh-positive (bivuze ko amaraso y'umwana afite icyo kimenyetso)?

Aha ni uko iyo amaraso make y'umwana yivanze n'amaraso ya nyina mu gihe runaka, nko mu gihe cyo kubyara, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwa nyina bumenya "ikimenyetso" cyitwa Rh factor mu maraso y'umwana nk'umwanzi w'amahanga. Hanyuma umubiri wa nyina utangira gukora ubudahangarwa bwo kurwanya uwo mwanzi. Ibi byitwa Rh sensitization .

Ubusanzwe, mu gihe cyo gutwita kwa mbere, izi antibodies bifata igihe kirekire kugira ngo zikure, bityo umwana wa mbere ntagira ingaruka nyinshi. Ariko, ikibazo kibaho mu gihe cyo gutwita gikurikiraho. Iyo umubyeyi atwite umwana ufite Rh-positive, antibodies zakozwe mbere ziba ziteguye mu maraso ya nyina, zikanyura mu nyababyeyi, zigatangira kwibasira no gusenya uturemangingo tw’amaraso dutukura tw’umwana.

Ibi bishobora guteza ibibazo bikomeye ku buzima bw'umwana, nko kubura amaraso n'umuhondo. Niyo mpamvu ari ingenzi cyane gukora iki kizamini cya Coombs hakiri kare mu gihe cyo gutwita kugira ngo hamenyekane niba hari ibyago nk'ibyo, kandi nibiba ngombwa, kuvura kugira ngo birindwe.

Ese nawe ukora iki kizamini ku bana bavutse?

Yego. Hari igihe, iyo umwana uvutse afite indwara ikomeye y'umuhondo, abaganga bashobora gukora ikizamini cya Coombs. Iki kizamini cyo kureba niba uturemangingo twakozwe na nyina mu gihe atwite twinjiye mu mubiri w'umwana, tugafatana n'uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura tw'umwana, tukawurimbura.

Hari icyo ngomba gukora mbere yo gukora ikizamini?

Oya. Nta kintu kidasanzwe ugomba kwitegura mbere yo kujya muri iki kizamini cya Coombs. Ntabwo ukeneye kwiyiriza ubusa cyangwa kureka gufata imiti iyo ari yo yose.

Iki ni ikizamini cyoroheje cyane cy'amaraso. Urushinge ruto rushyirwa mu mutsi uri mu kuboko kwawe hanyuma amaraso agafatwa. Uzumva gusa akantu gato. Hanyuma ikizamini cy'amaraso cyoherezwa muri laboratwari kugira ngo gipimwe. Ibisubizo bikunze kuboneka mu masaha 24.

Raporo y'ibizamini isobanura iki?

Ibisubizo by'iki kizamini bishobora kuza mu buryo bubiri bw'ingenzi: Ikiza cyangwa Ikiza.

Bisobanura iki iyo ubonye igisubizo cyiza?

• Niba waranduye mbere yo gutanga amaraso: Ibi bivuze ko ugomba kwitonda cyane mu gihe utanga amaraso, ugahitamo ubwoko bw'amaraso bukubereye neza. Abantu bahabwa amaraso inshuro nyinshi bashobora kugira utwo tunyangingo, bityo bikaba bigoye gato kubona ubwoko bw'amaraso bujyanye n'ubwo.
• Iyo upimwe ukanasangamo ubwandu mu gihe utwite: Ibi bivuze ko umubiri wawe wagize ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri burwanya umwana ufite Rh-positive. Hanyuma uzakenera gushaka ubuvuzi bwo kurinda umwana.
• Iyo raporo y'umwana igaragaje ko afite ikibazo: Akenshi bigaragaza ko umwana afite amaraso make cyangwa umuhondo. Muganga azasuzuma umwana maze amugire inama yo kumuvura.

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?

Niba ugaragaje ibimenyetso byo kubura amaraso, nko kuba uruhu cyangwa amaso bihinduka umuhondo (jaundice) , umunaniro n'intege nke kenshi , isereri , cyangwa urujijo , hita ubonana na muganga wawe . Azagusuzuma kandi nibiba ngombwa, agukorere ibindi bizamini, harimo n'ikizamini cya Coombs, kugira ngo amenye uko indwara yawe imeze n'uburyo bwiza bwo kuyivura.

Ikizamini cya Coombs ni ikizamini giha muganga wawe ishusho y'ikibazo kiri mu mubiri wawe. Ntabwo kikubwira neza indwara iyo ari yo. Kubwibyo, niba ubonye igisubizo cyiza, ushobora gukenera gukora ibizamini byinshi kugira ngo umenye neza icyabiteye.