Ese wigeze wumva indwara idasanzwe igira ingaruka ku bwonko? Reka twige ku ndwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD).

Ushobora kuba warataye umutwe ubwo wumvise izina ry'iyi ndwara, ukibaza uti "Iyi ndwara idasanzwe ni iyihe?" Indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob, cyangwa CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease) nk'uko tuyita mu magambo ahinnye, ni indwara idakunze kugaragara ariko ikomeye cyane yangiza imikorere y'ubwonko bwacu . Muri make, ikibaho ni uko uturemangingo tw'ubwonko bwacu tugenda ducika buhoro buhoro. Ibi bishobora gutera ibintu nko gutakaza kwibuka, urujijo, ndetse no guhinduka mu myitwarire no kugorwa no kugenda.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya CJD?

Ibimenyetso by'iyi ndwara ntibigaragara icyarimwe. Bigenda bikura buhoro buhoro. Bishobora gutangira ari bito kandi bikarushaho gukomera uko igihe kigenda gihita. Reka turebe ibimenyetso by'ingenzi, uhereye ku bya mbere kugeza ku bikomeye cyane:

• Ibibazo byo kwibagirwa no kwibuka: Bitangirana no kwibagirwa utuntu duto. Ibintu nk'aho imfunguzo zawe ziri, izina ry'umuntu. Ariko ibi birenze kwibagirwa bisanzwe.
• Kujijinganya no kubura aho uherereye: Kugorwa no kwibuka aho uri n'igihe kigeze. Kugorwa no kubona aho uherereye ndetse no mu bice umenyereye.
• Impinduka mu myitwarire no mu miterere: Kutamera nk'uko byari bimeze mbere, gukora ibintu bidafite ishingiro, kurakara mu buryo budasanzwe, cyangwa guceceka mu buryo butunguranye . Kugerageza kwitandukanya n'abandi.
• Ibibazo byo kureba no kugorwa no gusobanukirwa ibyo ubona: Hari igihe ubona ibintu bibiri, cyangwa ntushobore kumenya icyo ubona.
• Kurota cyangwa kwibeshya: Kubona cyangwa kumva ibintu bitariho, cyangwa kugira imyizerere itari yo abandi bashaka kukugirira nabi.
• Kubura uburinganire n'ibibazo byo guhuza ingingo (ataxia): Kumva nta bushobozi bwo kugenzura iyo ugenda, utsitara, kandi ugwa. Kugorwa no kugenzura amaguru n'amaboko.
• Kudacunga imitsi (myoclonus) no gukomera kw'imitsi (dystonia): Gutigita kw'imitsi mu mubiri mu buryo butunguranye, gutigita kw'ingingo. Hari igihe imitsi ikomera ikazunguruka mu buryo budasanzwe.
• Indwara zo mu mutwe: Zishobora kumera nk'izirwaye.
• Kurema: Uko igihe kigenda gihita, ibice by'umubiri bishobora guhagarara.
• Kugabanuka kw'imitsi: Imitsi iragabanuka maze umubiri ukagabanuka.

Ibi bimenyetso ntibiza mu buryo bumwe cyangwa ku muvuduko umwe kuri buri wese, ariko niba wowe cyangwa undi muntu uzi afite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, ni byiza kujya kwa muganga vuba bishoboka.

Kuki CJD ibaho? Ni iki kibitera?

Ibi bishobora gusa nkaho bigoye kubyumva, ariko reka mbisobanure mu buryo bworoshye. Imibiri yacu ifite ubwoko bwa poroteyine yitwa poroteyine . Izi ni nk'imashini nto zikora akazi kazo kamwe kamwe. Kugira ngo izi poroteyine zikore neza, zigomba "kuzingira" mu ishusho runaka. Tekereza nk'ikibabi cya origami, iyo uyizinze neza, ubona ishusho nziza.

Rero, rimwe na rimwe izi poroteyine zipfundika nabi. Poroteyine ipfundika nabi ntishobora gukoreshwa n'uturemangingo tw'ubwonko bwacu. CJD iterwa na imwe muri izo poroteyine zipfundika nabi kandi zidasanzwe. Izi zitwa "prions".

Izi poroteyine za prion zitangira kwirundanya mu turemangingo tw’ubwonko. Kubera ko uturemangingo tudashobora kuzikuraho, zigenda zangiza uturemangingo buhoro buhoro amaherezo zigapfa. Ikintu kibi cyane ni uko izi prion zishobora no gutandukana na poroteyine zisanzwe, zigahinduka prion. Kimwe n’indwara yandura, izi prion ziragwira zigakwirakwira mu bwonko bwose. Niyo mpamvu indwara ihita ikomera.

Tekereza, iyi prion irimo gukora nk'ipome yaboze yangiza izindi pome nziza zose.

Ese hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa CJD?

Yego, hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ingenzi bwa CJD. Ubu bwoko bushyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe uko bukura.

1. CJD isanzwe: Iyi ni yo ndwara ikunze kugaragara cyane. Ivuka mu buryo butunguranye, nta mpamvu yihariye. Impamvu nyayo ntiramenyekana.

2. Genetic CJD: Ibi bibaho iyo gene idasanzwe irazwe n'umubyeyi umwe cyangwa bombi. Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'iyi gene: Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) syndrome na Fatal Familyal Insomnia . Ibi ni gake cyane.

3. Gufata CJD: Ibi biterwa n'impamvu yo hanze. Urugero, bishobora guterwa no guterwa ingingo , guterwa ingingo , cyangwa gukoresha ibikoresho byo kubaga bitarasukurwa neza. Ariko, ibi ni gake cyane muri iyi minsi, kuko ikoranabuhanga mu buvuzi ryateye imbere cyane.

4. Itandukaniro rya CJD (vCJD): Ushobora kuba warumvise ibi bifitanye isano n'indwara "Mad Cow Disease" cyangwa Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) . Ushobora kwandura vCJD uriye inyama z'inka ifite BSE. Prion itera BSE ishobora no kwanduza abantu. Ariko, ibi ubu ni gake cyane ku isi, bitewe n'ingamba z'umutekano zafashwe mu bworozi.

Ni nde ushobora kurwara CJD cyane? Ese yandura?

Mu by’ukuri, umuntu wese ashobora kwandura CJD. Hari igihe ushobora kugira prion mu mubiri wawe imyaka myinshi utagaragaza ibimenyetso. Ariko iyo ibimenyetso bigaragaye, indwara ishobora gukomera vuba kuko ubwonko bwangiritse.

Iyi ndwara ikunze kwibasira abantu bari hagati y’imyaka 50 na 80. Ariko, ubwoko bwa CJD mu ngirabuzimafatizo bushobora kugaragara ku bantu bari hagati y’imyaka 30 na 50.

Ubu ushobora kuba wibaza niba iyi ari indwara yandura . Umuntu urwaye CJD ntashobora kwanduzwa kuva ku muntu umwe ajya ku wundi binyuze mu gukoranaho bisanzwe, kwitsamura, cyangwa gusangira ibiryo. Nta kintu cyo guhangayika. Uburyo bwonyine bwo kwandura CJD, nk'uko byavuzwe mbere, ni uguterwa urugingo cyangwa ingingo z'umubiri n'umuntu urwaye CJD, cyangwa guterwa inshinge zimwe na zimwe z'imisemburo n'umuntu urwaye CJD.

Byagaragaye ko ubwoko bwa CJD (vCJD) bwandurira mu guterwa amaraso , ariko nabyo ni gake cyane. Ubwoko bwa vCJD nabwo ni gake cyane ku isi yose.

Ni gute abaganga basuzuma neza indwara ya CJD?

Niba utekereza ko ufite ibimenyetso bya CJD, ikintu cya mbere muganga azakora ni ugutega amatwi witonze ibimenyetso byawe no gukora isuzuma ry’umubiri n’iry’imitsi. Hari igihe bagusaba gukora utuntu duto kugira ngo bamenye uko ubwonko bwawe bukora.

CJD iri mu itsinda ry'indwara zitwa Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy . Iri zina rikomoka ku kuba ubwonko bwangiritse na prions busa n'ikirungo gifite imyobo iyo urebeye kuri mikorosikopi.

Abaganga barimo gukora ibindi bipimo byinshi kugira ngo bemeze CJD.

• Isuzuma rya MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Iri suzuma rirambuye ry'ubwonko rikanasuzuma niba hari ikibazo kiri mu bwonko.
• Gutobora uruti rw'umugongo cyangwa uruhu rwo mu kibuno: Ibi bikubiyemo gufata icyitegererezo cy'amazi yo mu ruti rw'umugongo no kuyapima kugira ngo harebwe niba hari poroteyine za prion.
• Ikizamini cya EEG (Electroencephalogram): Iki gipima imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'ubwonko kandi kigashaka imiterere idasanzwe. Imiterere yihariye iboneka muri CJD.

Byongeye kandi, hashobora gukorwa ibindi bipimo kugira ngo hamenyekane izindi ndwara zifite ibimenyetso bisa na CJD.

• Gupima amaraso
• Gupima imiterere y'uturemangingo: Niba hakekwa ko hari CJD ishingiye ku imiterere y'uturemangingo.
• Isesengura ry'inkari
• Bisipo yo mu bwonko: Ibi bikorwa gake cyane, gusa iyo ibindi bizamini byose bitashoboye kwemeza ko byagaragaye, kuko ari igikorwa cyo kubaga gito.

Ese hari uburyo bwo kuvura CJD?

Ikibabaje ni uko nta muti uhari wa CJD, nta muti wo guhagarika ikwirakwira ry'iyi ndwara, cyangwa ngo habeho umuti wo kuyigabanya . Iki ni cyo gice kibabaje cyane cy'iyi ndwara.

Ariko, ubuvuzi bwo kugabanya ububabare buterwa n'ibimenyetso bushobora gutangwa kugira ngo bigabanye ububabare buterwa n'ibimenyetso no gutanga ihumure ku murwayi. Urugero, imiti ishobora gutangwa kugira ngo igabanye igicuri, icunge impinduka mu myitwarire, cyangwa igabanye imitsi idakora neza. Ariko, inyungu z'ubu buryo bwo kuvura ni nkeya.

Kubera ko iyi ndwara ishobora kongera ubukana vuba, ni ngombwa ko umurwayi n'umuryango we bahabwa ubufasha. Mu ntambwe ya nyuma y'indwara, serivisi zo kwita ku barwayi barwaye indwara zifasha umurwayi kuguma amerewe neza kandi nta bubabare afite.

Hari igihe, niba wujuje ibisabwa, itsinda ry’abaganga bawe rishobora no kukugira inama yo kwitabira igeragezwa ry’ubuvuzi, riga ku buryo bushya bwo kuvura.

Ni iki wakwitega uramutse ufite CJD?

Kubera ko CJD idakira kandi idafite umuti, nta cyizere gihagije kuri iyi ndwara. Iyo ibimenyetso bitangiye, ubushobozi bwo gukora, kugenda no kuvuga bugenda bugabanuka uko igihe kigenda.

Kubera ko impinduka zishobora kubaho vuba cyane, ni ngombwa gukorana n'itsinda ry'abaganga kugira ngo tuganire ku byifuzo byawe n'ibyo ukeneye no gufata ibyemezo. Mu by'ukuri, ni byiza ko twese, twaba dufite indwara, kugira inyandiko nk'amabwiriza mbere y'igihe . Ibi bivuze ko niba unaniwe kugaragaza ibitekerezo byawe, uba wanditse ubuvuzi wifuza n'ubwo udashaka. Ni ngombwa cyane kubikora hakiri kare mu gihe indwara ikwirakwira vuba nka CJD.

Kubera ko iyi ndwara ikomeye cyane, bishobora kugufasha cyane wowe n'abakunzi bawe gusaba inama ku baganga b'indwara zo mu mutwe . Bishobora kuba imbaraga zikomeye zo kumenyera izi mpinduka no kubaka icyizere cyawe.

Imyaka yo kubaho y'umurwayi wa CJD ni iyihe?

Abarwayi benshi ba CJD bapfa mu mezi make cyangwa umwaka umwe nyuma yo kurwara. Itandukaniro ryonyine ni CJD yo mu ngirabuzimafatizo , aho abantu bashobora kubaho kuva ku mwaka umwe kugeza ku icumi nyuma y’uko ibimenyetso bigaragaye.

Muganga wawe ashobora kuguha amakuru yihariye kandi agezweho yerekeye indwara yawe. Wibuke ko imibare ari ibintu rusange, kandi buri muntu aratandukanye.

Ese CJD ishobora kwirindwa?

Ubwoko bwinshi bwa CJD ntibushobora kwirindwa. Cyane cyane CJD idakunze kubaho, ibaho mu buryo butunguranye, nta buryo ifite bwo kuyikumira.

Ubwoko bwonyine bushobora kwirindwa ni ubwoko bwa CJD (vCJD) . Buterwa no kurya inyama z'inka zifite BSE ("indwara y'inka y'umusazi"), kandi zishobora kwirindwa.

Gupima amatungo birinda inka zanduye BSE kwinjira mu ruhererekane rw'ibiribwa. Ariko, inyama zitapimwe kandi zitateguwe neza zishobora kuba ikibazo. Kubwibyo, ni byiza kwirinda kurya inyama zitagenzuwe kandi zitapimwe, cyane cyane izirimo ibice nk'ubwonko n'umusemburo w'amagufwa .

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka

Gusuzuma indwara ya CJD bishobora guhindura ubuzima bwawe. Bishobora gutuma wumva ko wowe n'isi igukikije mwagiye mu kanya gato. Impinduka nk'izo zishobora kugorana kwihanganira wowe n'abakunzi bawe.

Niba utazi icyo utekereza kuri ibi cyangwa uko wabikora, itsinda ry'abaganga riri hano kugufasha. Bashobora kugufasha gutegura mbere y'igihe no gutegura ibigiye kubaho. Ibuka gusa ko utari wenyine.

Indwara ya Creutzfeldt -Jakob, CJD, Prion, Indwara y'ubwonko, Indwara y'imitsi, Kwibagirwa, Dementia, BSE, Indwara y'inka y'umusazi