Ese wigeze wumva inkuru y'ibihumyo byinjira mu mubiri wawe? Reka twige ku ndwara ya Cryptococcosis!

Wigeze wumva indwara yitwa Cryptococcosis? Izina rishobora kumvikana nk'iry'ibihumyo bidasanzwe, ndetse rikanatera ubwoba gato. Ariko ntugahangayike. Ni indwara iterwa n'ibihumyo. Twese duhura n'ibintu byinshi mu bidukikije, ndetse n'ibi bihumyo. Rero, uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga kuri iyi ndwara yitwa Cryptococcosis mu buryo bworoshye ushobora kumva.

Cryptococcosis ni iki mu by'ukuri?

Mu magambo make, cryptococcosis ni igihe ubwoko bw'udukoko twitwa Cryptococcus bwinjiye mu mubiri wawe tugatera indwara, cyane cyane mu bwonko cyangwa mu bihaha. Hari igihe ishobora gukwirakwira mu bindi bice by'umubiri, ari byo twita cryptococcosis ikwirakwijwe .

Tekereza, niba iyi fungus ya Cryptococcus yanduje ubwonko bwawe, iyi ndwara yitwa cryptococcal meningitis . Hanyuma ushobora kugira ibintu nk'umuriro, kuribwa umutwe cyane, no kubabara mu ijosi. Nanone, iyo igize ingaruka ku bihaha byawe, yitwa cryptococcal pneumonia cyangwa pulmonary cryptococcosis . Hanyuma ushobora kugira ibimenyetso nko gukorora no kugorwa no guhumeka.

Hariho kandi ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibihumyo bya Cryptococcus.

• Cryptococcus neoformans: Ubu bwoko bukunze kwibasira abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budakomeye. Ni ukuvuga ko abantu bafite ubushobozi buke bwo kurwanya indwara ari bo bibasirwa cyane na yo.
• Cryptococcus gattii: Ariko ubwo bwoko bushobora kugutera indwara nubwo ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwawe bwaba bukomeye.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ibi? Wabimenya ute?

Ibimenyetso bya cryptococcosis biterwa n'aho mu mubiri wawe fungus yandurira. Iyo igize ingaruka ku bihaha, ushobora kugira ibimenyetso bisa n'iby'umusonga, kandi iyo igize ingaruka ku mitsi yo hagati (ubwonko n'umugongo), ushobora kugira ibimenyetso bisa n'iby'umugongo. Muri cryptococcosis ikwirakwira, ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragara mu bice bitandukanye by'umubiri.

Ibimenyetso by'indwara y'ibihaha (Cryptococcal pneumonia):

• Inkorora
• Kugorwa no guhumeka, kumva umeze nk'aho uri guhumeka
• Kubabara mu gatuza
• Umuriro

Ibimenyetso by'ubwandu bw'imitsi yo hagati (Cryptococcal Meningite):

• Umuriro
• Kuribwa umutwe cyane
• Kubabara ijosi cyangwa kunangira (ku buryo udashobora gushyira akananwa ku gituza)
• Isesemi
• Kuruka
• Kutabona urumuri (kugorwa no kubona mu rumuri rwinshi)

Ibimenyetso bya cryptococcosis ikwirakwira birimo:

Niba waranduye cryptococcosis, ushobora kubona impinduka z'uruhu hamwe n'ibimenyetso bifitanye isano n'ibihaha cyangwa uturemangingo tw'imitsi. Urugero:

• Ibice binini cyangwa bikomeye (plaques)
• Ibisebe
• Ibisebe
• Utugumba
• Ibisebe

Kuki Cryptococcosis ibaho?

Impamvu nyamukuru y’iyi ndwara ni ubwoko bubiri bw’ibihumyo , Cryptococcus gattii (C. gattii) na Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) . Ibi bihumyo biba mu bidukikije - cyane cyane mu butaka, mu biti, no mu mabyi y’inyoni, cyane cyane amabyi y’inuma.

Tekereza gato, iyo rimwe na rimwe dukorera ahantu hari ivumbi, hafi y’inyubako zishaje, cyangwa mu busitani, utwo dukoko dushobora kwinjira mu mibiri yacu.

Ibi bihumyo, `C. gattii` na `C. neoformans`, iboneka mu bice bitandukanye byisi. `C. gattii` ikunze kugaragara cyane muri Ositaraliya, Columbiya y'Ubwongereza, Kanada, Pasifika y'Amajyaruguru y'Uburengerazuba bwa Amerika, na Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba.

Ubibona ute?

Cryptococcosis iterwa no guhumeka utubuto tw’udukoko two mu bwoko bwa Cryptococcus mu kirere. Utwo tubuto ntitugaragara ku maso, kandi bishobora kugorana kwirinda niba utuye mu gace kakunze kugaragaramo iyi fungus.

Igikuru ni uko abantu benshi bahumeka iyi fungus batagaragaza ibimenyetso. Ariko kuri bamwe, iyi fungus itangira gukura mu bihaha byabo, cyangwa ikanyura mu mubiri ikagera mu bwonko ikabatera indwara. Hari igihe iyi fungus ishobora kumara igihe kirekire mu bihaha byawe, ariko ikura gusa ikagaragaza ibimenyetso iyo ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwawe bucitse intege kubera impamvu runaka (urugero, bitewe n'indi ndwara cyangwa imiti urimo gufata).

Ese ibi byandurira umuntu umwe bijya ku wundi?

Oya. Cryptococcosis si indwara ishobora kwanduzwa umuntu umwe ijya ku wundi. Ntushobora kuyindura iturutse ku muntu wayinduye.

Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kugira ibi?

Nkuko twabiganiriyeho mbere, ubwoko bwa C. neoformans bukunze gutera indwara ku bantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budakora neza. Muri ibi harimo:

• Abantu bafite ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA .
• Abantu bafite ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa kanseri, urugero nka lymphoma na leukemia .
• Abantu batewe uturemangingo, ingingo, cyangwa umwongo w'amagufwa.
• Imiti ya corticosteroid ikoreshwa mu gihe kirekireAbantu bafite indwara zisaba gufata imiti (urugero: indwara zimwe na zimwe zidakira z'ibihaha, indwara ziterwa n'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri).

Ariko, ubwoko bwa 'C. gattii' bushobora gutera indwara ku bantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buzima ndetse n'abafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budakomeye.

Ni izihe ngorane ibi bishobora gutera?

Cryptococcosis, cyane cyane niba ufite ubwandu mu bwonko bwawe, ishobora gutera ingorane zikomeye . Zimwe muri zo zirimo:

• Ubwiyongere bw'umuvuduko w'ubwonko: Ibi biterwa no kwiyongera k'amazi akikije ubwonko, bigashyira umuvuduko ukabije ku bwonko. Iyo bitavuwe neza, bishobora kwangiza ubwonko.
• Gutakaza igice cy'amaso cyangwa burundu.
• Indwara z'amaso cyangwa indwara zo kubyimba.
• Intege nke z'imitsi igenzura amaso ( extraocular muscle paresis ).
• Gusubira inyuma: Hari igihe ibimenyetso bya cryptococcosis bishobora kugaruka nyuma yo kuvurwa.
• Indwara yo kuvura indwara ya IRIS (Indwara yo kuvura indwara ya IRIS): IRIS ni indwara aho ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwawe bukora cyane nyuma yo kuvurwa, bigatuma ibimenyetso birushaho kwiyongera. Ikunze kugaragara cyane ku bantu banduye agakoko gatera SIDA, ariko ishobora no kugaragara ku bantu badafite agakoko gatera SIDA.

Ni gute wasuzuma iyi ndwara neza?

Abaganga basuzuma indwara ya cryptococcosis basuzuma ingirangingo zawe cyangwa amazi yo mu mubiri kugira ngo barebe ibimenyetso by'iyi ndwara. Bashobora gukora ibizamini bikurikira:

• Amaraso yawe.
• Amazi yo mu bwonko (CSF ). Ibi biboneka hakoreshejwe icyitegererezo cy'amazi yo mu ruti rw'umugongo (lumbar puncture).
• Amashoka (ibisebe biva mu bihaha bitewe n'inkorora).

Uretse ibi bizamini, ibimenyetso byawe, amateka y'ubuzima bwawe, amateka y'urugendo rwawe, n'ibizamini byo gufata amashusho nabyo bishobora gufasha mu gusuzuma indwara. Bitewe n'ibimenyetso byawe, ushobora kandi gukenera gupimwa X-rays zo mu gituza , CT scans (computer tomography scans) , cyangwa MRIs (magnetic resonance imaging) kugira ngo urebe impinduka mu bihaha byawe cyangwa mu bwonko.

Ibi bivurwa bite?

Abaganga bakoresha imiti yica udukoko mu kuvura indwara ya cryptococcosis.. Uburyo bwihariye bwo kuvura buzaterwa n'aho fungus ya Cryptococcus iri mu mubiri wawe n'ubuzima bw'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe. Urugero, umuntu urwaye cryptococcosis yoroheje mu bihaha ashobora gukenera umuti umwe gusa urwanya udukoko. Ariko, abantu bafite indwara zikomeye cyangwa meningitis ya cryptococcal bashobora gukenera kuvurwa cyane, bivuze gufata imiti myinshi irwanya udukoko mu gihe kirekire.

Imiti yihariye n'uburyo bwo kuvura indwara ya Cryptococcosis:

• Fluconazole
• Amphotericin B (AmB)
• Flucytosine
• Corticosteroids (izi zihabwa kurwanya indwara nko kubyimba ubwonko)
• Kubagwa kugira ngo hakurweho ibibyimba binini by’ibihumyo (cryptococcomas).
• Gutera imiyoboro cyangwa gupfunyika mu ruhu (imiyoboro yihariye) kugira ngo bigabanye umuvuduko ku bwonko.

Ni iki wakwitega mu gihe urwaye iyi ndwara?

Bitewe n'aho wanduriye n'uburyo urwaye, muganga wawe ashobora kuba akeneye kuguvura imiti irwanya udukoko mu gihe cy'ibyumweru cyangwa amezi kugira ngo akureho indwara ya cryptococcosis. Niba ufite agakoko gatera SIDA, muganga wawe ashobora kandi gukenera guhindura imiti uvura igabanya ubukana bw'udukoko . Niba ufite indi ndwara ituma ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe bugabanuka, kuvura iyo ndwara ishobora kugufasha kurwanya cryptococcosis.

Ese ibi bishobora gukira burundu?

Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buzima bashobora gukira hakoreshejwe imiti irwanya udukoko. Ariko, abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budafite imbaraga bashobora kugorwa no kubuvura. Hari igihe ibimenyetso bishobora kugaruka nyuma yo kuvurwa.

Ni iyihe ngaruka mbi zo gupfa ziterwa n'ibi?

Igipimo cy'impfu ku barwayi ba cryptococcosis bavurirwa muri Amerika ya Ruguru (harimo na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Kanada) kibarirwa kuri 20% . Ariko, mu bice bimwe na bimwe bya Afurika, iyi mibare ishobora kugera kuri 70% . Bitewe n'aho utuye ku isi, serivisi z'ubuzima ubona zigira ingaruka zikomeye. Ibi bivuze ko abantu bo mu bice by'isi bikennye mu bukungu bari mu kaga ko gupfa bazize indwara nyinshi. Iki ni ikibazo kibabaje.

Ni gute nakwirinda ibi? Ese birashoboka?

Niba utuye mu gace karimo Cryptococcus, bishobora kugorana kwirinda kuyihumeka. Ariko, niba ufite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara Cryptococcus, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama ikurikira:

• Gusuzuma hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga: Mbere yo gutangira kuvura agakoko gatera SIDA, muganga ashobora kugupima antigens za Cryptococcus (ibice by'udukoko bigaragara) nubwo waba udafite ibimenyetso bya cryptococcosis. Niba ibisubizo by'ibizamini byawe ari byiza, bashobora kugufasha kuvura cryptococcosis kugira ngo wirinde kurwara udukoko turi mu mubiri wawe.
• Kwirinda: Niba ufite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara cryptococcosis, muganga wawe ashobora kugufasha gukoresha imiti irwanya udukoko. Ibi bizagufasha kwirinda kurwara niba uhuye n'indwara ya Cryptococcus.

Ni gute nakwita ku buzima bwanjye?

Ikintu cyiza wakora ni ukuvurwa neza n’indwara zishobora gutuma ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri wawe bugabanuka. Kora gahunda zo guhura n’abaganga buri gihe. Baza uburyo bwo kumenya ibimenyetso by’ubwandu. Baganire ku buryo bwo kwirinda ubwandu n’icyo wakora niba ubona ko ufite ubwandu.

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?

Niba ufite ikibazo gituma ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe bugabanuka, nka virusi itera SIDA, baza muganga wawe uko wakwirinda indwara. Niba ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwawe bugabanuka kandi ukaba ufite ibimenyetso bya cryptococcosis cyangwa ubundi bwandu ubwo aribwo bwose, hita ubonana na muganga.

Ni ryari nkwiye kujya mu ishami rishinzwe ubuvuzi bwihutirwa (ETU) ?

Niba ufite ibimenyetso by'indwara ikomeye, jya mu cyumba cy'ubutabazi bwihuse. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo:

• Umuriro mwinshi (uri hejuru ya dogere 103 Fahrenheit/dogere 40 Selisiyusi).
• Kugorwa no guhumeka.
• Impinduka mu iyerekwa.
• Kubabara mu gituza.
• Ibara ry'ubururu ry'uruhu, iminwa, cyangwa inzara.
• Urujijo.
• Indwara zo mu mutwe.

Icy'ingenzi: Niba ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwawe bufite intege nke, baza muganga wawe ibimenyetso ugomba kujya mu cyumba cyita ku barwayi b'ingoboka. Ushobora gukenera kuvurwa byihutirwa vuba, nubwo ibimenyetso byawe byaba bidakomeye ugereranyije n'ibyavuzwe hano.

Ni ibihe bibazo ngomba kubaza muganga wanjye?

Bishobora kuba byiza kubaza muganga wawe ibi bibazo:

• Ubu bwandu bukabije gute?
• Ni gute nkwiye gufata umuti wanjye?
• Nkeneye kuvurwa igihe kingana iki?
• Ni iki nakora kugira ngo ngire ubwandu mu gihe kizaza?

Ubutumwa bw'ingenzi cyane bwo kujyana mu rugo

Cryptococcosis ni indwara y’ibihumyo ishobora kuba ikomeye ku bantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri budakomeye. Ariko, niba uri mu kaga gakomeye, muganga wawe ashobora gushaka kugupima no kuguha imiti yo kwirinda. Kandi bitewe n’iterambere mu kuvura, abantu babana n’ubwandu bwa SIDA ubu bari mu kaga gake cyane ko kurwara indwara zikomeye. Mu gukorana na muganga wawe, ushobora gushyiraho gahunda yo kugukomeza kugira ubuzima bwiza uko bishoboka kose. Rero, ntugatinye, kandi ntukibagirwe gushaka inama kwa muganga niba ufite impungenge.

` Cryptococcosis, indwara z'ibihumyo, umuriro wo mu bwonko, indwara z'ibihaha, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, virusi itera SIDA, imiti irwanya udukoko