Ese wigeze utekereza ko amaraso ari mu mubiri wacu ahora avugururwa? Mu by’ukuri umubiri wacu ni uruganda rutangaje. Akazi k’ingenzi gakorerwa muri uru ruganda umunsi wose ni ugukora uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso, ni ukuvuga uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso. Niba uhora wumva unaniwe kandi nta buzima ufite, impamvu ishobora kuba ari ukubura uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso. Uyu munsi rero turaganira kuri iyi nzira itangaje, ari yo 'erythropoiesis'.
Mu magambo make, erythropoiesis ni iki?
Erythropoiesis ni inzira umubiri wacu ukoresha mu gukora uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso, cyangwa erythrocytes mu buvuzi. Ibi ni nk’igihe umubyeyi wacu ateka ifunguro rishya iyo ibiryo bibuze. Uturemangingo dutukura twa kera mu mubiri wacu turapfa nyuma y’igihe runaka. Rero, iyi nzira niyo ikora uturemangingo dushya tw’amaraso dutukura.
Ibi bituma umubare w'uturemangingo dutukura mu maraso yacu ukomeza ku rugero rukwiye, ntitwiyongere cyangwa ngo tugabanuke cyane.
None se kuki uturemangingo dutukura ari ingenzi cyane kuri twe?
Tekereza serivisi yo gutanga ibicuruzwa ikugeza ku mubiri wawe wose. Uturemangingo dutukura ni byo bikora.
- Gutanga ogisijeni: Iyo duhumeka, ogisijeni yinjira mu bihaha byacu ijyanwa muri buri karemangingo n'ingingo z'umubiri wacu n'izi selile zitukura z'amaraso. Kuva mu bwonko kugeza ku mano, byose bikenera ogisijeni kugira ngo bibeho.
- Gukuraho dioxyde de carbone: Nanone, dioxyde de carbone, imyanda iva mu turemangingo twacu, irakusanywa ikagezwa mu bihaha kugira ngo tubashe kuyikura mu mubiri iyo dusohora umwuka.
Mu magambo make, tudafite uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso, uturemangingo tw’umubiri wacu ntidushobora kubaho.
Erythropoiesis ni kimwe mu bigize inzira rusange yo kurema amaraso mu mubiri wacu, yitwa 'hematopoiesis.' Iyi nzira rusange ikora ubwoko butatu bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso: uturemangingo dutukura, uturemangingo tw'umweru, na plaquettes.
Iyi gahunda ibera he mu mubiri?
Aho izi selile zitukura zibera hahinduka uko igihe kigenda gihita.
Igihe umwana akiri mu nda (Fetal Erythropoiesis)
Amaraso atangira kurema mu mibiri yacu na mbere yuko tuvuka.
- Ku byumweru 3: Amaraso atangira kuremwa mu buryo bwitwa 'umuhondo w'igi', buha intanga ngore ibiyitunga byayo bya mbere.
- Ku mezi 2-3: Amaraso avuka mu mwijima no mu ruhago rw'umwana uri mu nda.
- Nyuma y'amezi 5: Amaraso atangira kugaragara mu musemburo w'umwana uri mu nda.
Abana n'abantu bakuru
Nyuma yo kuvuka, umwotsi w'amagufwa yacu uba uruganda rukora uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso. Iki ni igice cyoroshye kandi gifite imiyoboro mu magufwa yacu.
- Mu bwana: Amaraso akorwa mu igufwa ry'amagufwa menshi manini y'umubiri.
- Mu gihe cy'ubukure: Amaraso akorerwa ahanini mu igufwa ry'amagufwa make yihariye , nk'amagufwa yo mu kibuno, uruti rw'umugongo, imbavu, n'igufwa rigororotse riri hagati mu gituza (igufwa ry'ibere).
Urugendo rw'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso
Ibi ntibibaho mu ijoro rimwe. Uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso tugomba kunyura mu byiciro bitandukanye kugira ngo dukure neza, ni ukuvuga kugira ngo dukore neza. Urugendo rwose rumara icyumweru kimwe .
Byose bitangirira ku karemangingo kidasanzwe kitwa 'Hematopoietic Stem Cell' (HSC). Ibi bimeze nk'imbuto. Uru rubuto rushobora gukuramo ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose kuva ku turemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso, uturemangingo tw'umweru tw'amaraso, na plaquettes. Kugira ngo rube uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso, uru rugingo runyura mu byiciro bitandukanye.
Imbonerahamwe iri hepfo ishobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa neza uru rugendo.
| Urugendo | Ibisobanuro byoroshye |
|---|---|
| Uturemangingo tw’umugongo (Hematopoietic Stem Cell - HSC) | Iyi ni yo nkomoko ya buri selile y'amaraso, kimwe n'imbuto ikimera gikuramo. |
| Proerythroblast | Intambwe ya mbere ihamye mu rugendo rwo kuba uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso. |
| Erythroblast | Akaremangingo kagenda gahoro gahoro gatangira gukora hemoglobin, poroteyine itwara ogisijeni. |
| Normoblast | Muri iki cyiciro, nucleus y'akaremangingo irakurwaho, bigatuma akaremangingo gashobora kwinjiza hemoglobin nyinshi. |
| Reticulocyte | Izi ni insoro zitukura zikiri nto. Ni igihe zisohorwa mu musokoro w'amagufwa zijya mu maraso. |
| Uturemangingo tw'amaraso | Uturemangingo dutukura twuzuye, twiteguye gutwara ogisijeni. |
Igihe cy'ubuzima bw'insoro itukura ikorwa muri ubu buryo ni iminsi 120. Kimwe na bateri, izi nseru zipfa nyuma y'iminsi 120 zikoreshwa. Niyo mpamvu imibiri yacu igomba guhora ikora uturemangingo dushya dutukura.
Ni gute umubiri umenya gukora amaraso?
Iyi ni sisitemu itangaje cyane yo kugenzura. Umubiri wacu ugenzura ikorwa ry'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso hashingiwe ku rugero rwa ogisijeni mu mubiri.
Tekereza ugiye mu gace k'imisozi miremire nka Nuwara Eliya. Uko uzamuka, wumva bigoye guhumeka, si byo se? Ibi biterwa nuko umwuka wa ogisijeni mu kirere uba uri hasi. Hanyuma ingano ya ogisijeni igera mu ngingo z'umubiri wacu iba idahagije. Ibi tubyita hypoxia .
Iki ni cyo gihe impyiko zacu ziba zikora.
Impyiko nizo zihora zigenzura urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso yacu. Iyo zumva ko urugero rwa ogisijeni ruri hasi, impyiko zirekura imisemburo yihariye (chemical messenger) yitwa Erythropoietin (EPO) mu maraso.
Dore uko iyi gahunda ikora:
1. Ingirabuzima fatizo zawe ntizibona ogisijeni ihagije.
2. Mu gusubiza icyo 'kimenyetso', impyiko zirekura imisemburo myinshi ya `(EPO)`.
3. Iyi hormone (EPO) inyura mu maraso ikavugana n'umusemburo w'amagufwa, ikawubwira ngo "byihutirwa, kora uturemangingo twinshi dutukura!"
4. Yihutisha ikorwa ry'uturemangingo dutukura mu musemburo w'amagufwa.
5. Uturemangingo dushya tw’amaraso dutukura dusubiza urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso uko rumeze.
6. Iyo ikirere cya ogisijeni kigarutse ku rugero rusanzwe, impyiko zigabanya kurekurwa kwa EPO.
Muri ubu buryo, imibiri yacu ni nziza cyane mu kubungabunga ibintu byose (homeostasis). Igumana urwego rukwiye, ntiyemere ko bizamuka cyane cyangwa ngo bibe hasi cyane.
Bigenda bite iyo iyi gahunda ibaye nabi?
Hari igihe iyi gahunda yo gukora uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso ishobora kugenda nabi. Hanyuma hashobora kuvuka ibibazo bibiri by’ingenzi: Haba hakozwe uturemangingo dutukura duke cyane, cyangwa hakorwa twinshi cyane.
| Imiterere | Ibisobanuro byoroshye | Uburyo/imiterere byagize ingaruka |
|---|---|---|
| Anemia | Umubare muto w'uturemangingo dutukura mu maraso (anemia). | Umubiri utakaza uturemangingo dutukura duhagije two gutwara ogisijeni. Ibi bishobora gutera ibimenyetso nko kunanirwa kenshi, gucika intege, guhisha, guhumeka nabi, no kumva ubukonje budasanzwe . |
| Erythrocyte | Ubwinshi bw'uturemangingo dutukura mu maraso (ubwinshi bw'amaraso bwiyongera ). | Uko amaraso agenda yiyongera, amaraso ashobora kugabanuka. Ibimenyetso nko kuribwa umutwe, umunaniro, no kuzerera bishobora kugaragara. Hari ubwo haba hari ibyago byo kubyimba amaraso mu buryo bukabije . |
Niba ufite ibimenyetso nk'ibi, ni ngombwa cyane kubonana na muganga no gusaba inama nta gufata icyemezo ku giti cyawe.
Ibintu bishobora kugira ingaruka ku ikorwa ry'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso
Iyi gahunda ishobora kugira ingaruka ku ndwara zitandukanye n'ibindi bintu.
Indwara ziterwa n'ibihaha
Iyo ufite indwara z'ubuhumekero igihe kirekire nka asima na COPD, ingano ya ogisijeni umubiri wawe ubona iragabanuka. Umubiri ugerageza gukora uturemangingo twinshi dutukura kugira ngo twishyure.
Kanseri y'amaraso n'umusemburo w'amagufwa
Mu ndwara za kanseri nka kanseri y’amaraso (leukemia) na kanseri y’amaraso (lymphoma), imikorere isanzwe y’umusemburo w’amagufwa irahungabana. Ingaruka zabyo ni uko umusaruro w’uturemangingo dutukura mu maraso ushobora kugabanuka cyangwa hakavuka uturemangingo tudasanzwe.
Izindi mpamvu
- Kubura intungamubiri: Kugira ngo ugire amaraso meza, ukeneye ibintu byiza. Ubutare, vitamine B12, na folate ni intungamubiri z'ingenzi. Iyo utabonye ibi bihagije binyuze mu mirire yawe, umubiri wawe ntushobora gukora uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso neza, bigatera kubura amaraso.
- Indwara y'impyiko:Kubera ko imisemburo `(EPO)` ikorwa n'impyiko, iyo impyiko zangiritse, umusaruro wa `(EPO)` ushobora kugabanuka kandi umusaruro w'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso nawo ushobora kugabanuka.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Igikorwa cyo gukora uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso, cyangwa erythropoiesis, ni ikintu gitangaje kibaho buri gihe kandi mu buryo bwikora mu mibiri yacu.
- Iyi gahunda igenzurwa cyane cyane n'umusemburo witwa EPO, urekurwa n'impyiko.
- Niba uhora ubona ibimenyetso nko kunanirwa, kubura umwuka no kubura umwuka, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'amaraso make . Muri icyo gihe, menya neza ko wagiye kwa muganga kugira ngo akugire inama.
- Kurya indyo yuzuye irimo feri (inyama, amafi, ibinyamisogwe, epinari), vitamine B12 (amata, amagi), na folate (imboga rwatsi, ibinyamisogwe) ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso tugire ubuzima bwiza.
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