Kubura G6PD ni iki? Twige nta bwoba!

Ese wigeze wumva ibyerekeye kubura G6PD? Wenda iryo zina ritangaje gato. Ariko mu by'ukuri ni indwara iterwa n'uturemangingo abantu benshi ku isi bafite, ariko akenshi ntabwo itera ibibazo bikomeye. Rero, uyu munsi turaganira ku kibazo cy'ubu busembwa bwa G6PD, impamvu bubaho, n'icyo tugomba kumenya. Nta mpamvu yo gutinya, reka dusobanure byose mu buryo bworoshye.

Kubura G6PD ni iki mu by'ukuri?

Mu magambo make, kubura G6PD ni indwara iterwa n’uturemangingo aho umubiri wawe ugira urugero ruto cyane rwa G6PD. Noneho, uribaza icyo G6PD ari cyo. G6PD (Glucose-6-Fosphate Dehydrogenase) ni enzyme y'ingenzi cyane mu mubiri wacu. Akamaro k'iyi enzyme ni ukurinda uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso yacu kwangirika gutandukanye.

Iyi ntege nke iba iyo umuntu avutse afite impinduka, cyangwa impinduka, muri gene ikora enzyme ya G6PD. Kubera iyo mpamvu, uturemangingo tw’amaraso dutukura ntidukora enzyme ya G6PD ihagije.

Ariko dore ikibazo. Abantu benshi bafite ikibazo cyo kubura G6PD nta bimenyetso bafite . Babaho mu buzima busanzwe. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe, ibibazo bishobora guterwa n'ibintu "bitera" nk'imiti imwe n'imwe, indwara zandura, cyangwa ibiryo bimwe na bimwe (tuzabivugaho nyuma). Muri ibyo bihe, indwara yitwa hemolytic anemia ishobora kuvuka. Ibi bivuze ko uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso ducika vuba kandi tukangirika. Hari igihe abana bavutse bashobora kugira indwara ikomeye yo kujojoba bitewe no kubura G6PD.

Kubura G6PD ni indwara ikunze kugaragara cyane kurusha uko wabitekereza. Bivugwa ko abantu bari hagati ya miliyoni 400 na 500 ku isi yose bafite iyi ndwara. Niba uyifite, muganga wawe ashobora kugufasha kugumana uturemangingo tw’amaraso dutukura ku rwego rwiza.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ibura rya G6PD?

Nkuko twabivuze mbere, abantu benshi bafite ikibazo cyo kubura G6PD akenshi ntibaba bafite ibimenyetso. Ariko, ibimenyetso bigaragara gusa iyo ikintu gitera stress ku turemangingo tw’amaraso dutukura maze bigatuma tugabanuka (hemolysis). Iyo ibyo bibaye, ibintu nk'ibi bishobora kubaho:

• Kumva unaniwe cyane
• Umutima utera cyane ( tachycardia )
• Guhumeka bigoranye ( Dyspnea )
• Guhinduka umuhondo k'uruhu cyangwa umweru w'amaso (ibi ni ibimenyetso by'umuhondo w'umuhondo )
• Uruhu rwerurutse (iminwa n'ururimi bishobora no kuba byerurutse)
• Inkari z'umuhondo wijimye, orange, cyangwa ibara ry'icyayi
• Urwagashya rwagutse

Iyo ibi bimenyetso bigaragaye mu buryo butunguranye kandi bukomeye, byitwa ikibazo cyo guhema amaraso . Iyo uhuye n'ibi , ni ngombwa cyane kwihutira gushaka abaganga.

Ibimenyetso by'ibura rya G6PD ku bana bavutse

Abana bavutse ntibakunze kugira ibimenyetso bigaragara by’ibura rya G6PD. Ikimenyetso gikunze kugaragara ni umuhondo . Ibi bikunze kugaragara mu minsi mike nyuma yo kuvuka. Iyo bitavuwe neza, umuhondo ukomeye ushobora kwangiza ubwonko bw'umwana. Ibi byitwa kernicterus . Niyo mpamvu abaganga bapima abana bavutse badafite G6PD iyo babikeka.

Ni iki gitera kubura G6PD?

Kubura G6PD biterwa n'impinduka (variant) muri gene yawe ya G6PD. Iyi mpinduka ibuza umubiri wawe gukora enzyme ya G6PD neza. Uragwa iyi mpinduka ya gene n'ababyeyi bawe, binyuze muri chromosome ya X.

Kugira iri hinduka ry’uturemangingo bivuze ko uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso yawe dufite urugero ruto rwa G6PD. Enzyme ya G6PD ni ingenzi cyane kuko irinda uturemangingo dutukura kwegeranya " radicals free" nyinshi cyane. Uturemangingo free radicals akenshi ni ibintu bitagize ingaruka mbi. Bishobora kuboneka mu bidukikije, mu biribwa bimwe na bimwe (urugero: ibishyimbo bya fava), no mu miti.

Ariko, niba udafite G6PD ihagije, hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bituma habaho (urugero nko kurya ibishyimbo bya fava) bishobora gutuma uturemangingo twinshi twinshi tudashobora kwibumbira mu turemangingo twawe. Ibi bitera indwara yitwa oxidative stress , ituma uturemangingo dutukura twibasirwa. Amaherezo, utwo turemangingo turasenyuka kandi tugapfa. Ibi bigabanya umubare w’uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso, bigatera indwara yo kubura amaraso mu maraso .

Ni ibihe bintu bitera kubura amaraso mu mubiri bifitanye isano n'iki kibazo?

Abashakashatsi bamwe bavuga ko kurya ibishyimbo bya fava ari byo bikunze gutera ikibazo . Iyo umuntu ufite ikibazo cyo kubura G6PD agize ikibazo cyo kubura amaraso nyuma yo kurya ibishyimbo bya fava, byitwa favism . Izindi mpamvu zikunze gutera ikibazo ni izi:

• Indwara: Indwara nka Hepatite A na Hepatite B , Fever ya Tifoyide , na Pneumonia .
• Imiti imwe ikoreshwa mu kuvura malariya: Urugero , Primaquine .
• Amwe mu ma antibiyotike : nka nitrofurantoin , dapsone, na sulfa .
• NSAIDs (imiti igabanya ububabare): Nka aspirine na ibuprofen .
• Kunywa itabi no kunywa inzoga nyinshi.
• Guhangayika cyane mu mutwe.
• Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri ikomeye.

Ni ibihe bintu bishobora gutera ibyago?

Hari ibintu byinshi byongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara yo kubura G6PD:

• Igitsina:Abagabo bafite amahirwe menshi yo kubura G6PD. Ibi biterwa nuko abagabo bafite chromosome imwe ya X gusa ifite iyi mihindagurikire y'uturemangingo. (Kubera ko abagore bafite chromosome ebyiri za X, hari igihe ikibazo kuri imwe gishobora kwishyurwa n'indi.)
• Aho ibintu biherereye: Iki kibazo gikunze kugaragara mu bantu batuye muri Afurika yo munsi y'ubutayu bwa Sahara, mu karere ka Mediterane, no mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya.
• Ubwoko: Abashakashatsi bavuga ko abagabo barenga 10% bafite inkomoko muri Afurika muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bafite ikibazo cy’ubukene bwa G6PD.

Ibura rya G6PD ripimwa rite?

Ubusanzwe abaganga babanza kukubaza amateka yawe yose y’uburwayi kandi bagukorere isuzuma ry’umubiri. Bashobora kandi kukubaza niba uherutse guhindura imiti cyangwa niba hari ubwandu wanduye. Bazanareba niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ufite ikibazo cyo kubura G6PD.

Ibizamini byo gusuzuma ikibazo cy’ibura rya G6PD ni ibi bikurikira:

• Umubare wuzuye w'amaraso (CBC): Igenzura umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura.
• Gupima amaraso mu maraso: Bisuzuma ibimenyetso by'amaraso adahagije mu gupima amaraso, ni ukuvuga uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura dufite imiterere idasanzwe cyangwa ingano idasanzwe.
• Ikizamini cya Bilirubin: Reba urugero rwa bilirubin, imyanda ikomoka ku turemangingo dutukura twangiritse.
• Ikizamini cya G6PD: Reba urugero rwa enzyme ya G6PD yawe.

Ibura rya G6PD rivurwa rite?

Abaganga bavura iyo ndwara bakurikije iyo ndwara. Urugero, niba ufite indwara y’umuhondo woroshye kandi uzi ko ufite ikibazo cya G6PD, babanza kuvura ibimenyetso bya kanseri y’umuhondo. Hanyuma, bazakubwira impamvu ugomba kwirinda.

Ariko, niba ibimenyetso bikomeye, uburyo bwo kuvura buratandukanye. Niba ufite ikibazo gikomeye cyo kubura amaraso mu maraso, ushobora gukenera guterwa amaraso .

Niba umwana wawe uvutse afite indwara y'umuhondo, muganga ashobora kumufasha gukoresha phototherapy (uburyo bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe urumuri rusanzwe cyangwa urw'ubukorano). Mu bihe bikomeye cyane, umwana wawe ashobora gukenera guterwa amaraso adafite ubuzima bwiza. Ibi bikubiyemo gukuramo amaraso y'umwana atameze neza no kuyasimbuza amaraso meza kandi yatanzwe.

Ese kubura G6PD bishobora kwirindwa?

Kubera ko iyi ari indwara iterwa n'uturemangingo, ntabwo bishoboka kuyikumira. Ariko hari uburyo bwo kuyimenya mbere yuko itera ibibazo bikomeye by'ubuzima. Muri zo harimo:

• Gupima abana bavutse: Mu bihugu byinshi aho iki kibazo gikunze kugaragara, hari gahunda zo gusuzuma abana bavutse kugira ngo bamenye ikibazo cy’ubukene bwa G6PD.
• Gupima imiterere y'uturemangingo: Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ufite ikibazo cy'ubukene bwa G6PD, ushobora no gukenera ikizamini cya ADN.Muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo kubikora.

Ni iki nakwitega mu gihe mfite iyi ndwara?

Nta muti urambye w’ibura rya G6PD. Ariko, abantu benshi bashobora kubaho nta kibazo iyo birinze ibintu bitera indwara. Kandi ntabwo bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwabo.

Ariko, iyi ndwara ntigira ingaruka kuri bose kimwe. Abantu benshi bafite ikibazo cyo kubura G6PD bashobora no kutamenya ko bayifite kuko nta bimenyetso bafite. Abantu benshi bafite ibimenyetso, ariko ntibibagoye cyane. Ariko, kuri bamwe, iyo bahuye n'ikintu gitera ikibazo, bashobora kugira ikibazo cyo kubura amaraso, gishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga.

Muganga wawe ashobora gusobanura neza icyo ushobora kwitega bitewe n'uko wanduye.

Ni gute nakwiyitaho?

Baza muganga wawe ibiryo n'imiti ugomba kwirinda. Dore ibindi bitekerezo:

• Gabanya kunywa inzoga: Kunywa inzoga nyinshi bishobora gushyira igitutu ku turemangingo tw’amaraso dutukura.
• Irinde kunywa itabi: Kunywa itabi bishobora gutuma udukoko twitwa "free radicals" twiyongera mu turemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso yawe.
• Imyitozo ngororamubiri mu rugero: Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri cyane bishobora kongera imbaraga mu mubiri.
• Gerageza kuruhuka bihagije: Gusinzira bikomeza ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe, bifasha kurwanya indwara zishobora gutera kubura amaraso mu gihe umuntu atewe amaraso.
• Gucunga imihangayiko: Niba wumva ufite imihangayiko myinshi, saba muganga wawe ubufasha mu gucunga imihangayiko yawe.

Icy'ingenzi: Niba umwana wawe w'uruhinja afite ikibazo cyo kubura G6PD, ugomba kwirinda kurya ibishyimbo bya fava mu gihe wonsa . Ibintu bishobora gutera kubura amaraso bishobora kwanduza umwana binyuze mu mashereka.

Ni ryari ngomba kubonana na muganga wanjye?

Shaka muganga wawe igihe icyo ari cyo cyose niba ugaragaje ibimenyetso byo kubura G6PD. Niba ibimenyetso bikomeye kandi bigakura vuba (ibimenyetso by'ikibazo cyo kuva amaraso), shaka ubufasha bwa muganga ako kanya .

Ni ibihe bibazo ngomba kubaza muganga wanjye?

Dore ibibazo bimwe na bimwe ushobora kwibaza niba ufite ikibazo cya G6PD:

• Indwara yanjye ikomeye gute?
• Ni ibihe biribwa n'imiti nkwiye kwirinda?
• Ese hari ibintu bitera ibidukikije nkwiye kwirinda?
• Ni amahirwe angahe ko umwana wanjye azaragwa ikibazo cyo kubura G6PD?

Amaherezo, icyo ugomba kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Gusuzuma ikibazo cy’ibura rya G6PD bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bantu bose mu buryo butandukanye. Nubwo kidashobora kuvurwa, akenshi ni ikibazo gishobora gukemuka. Icy'ingenzi ni ukumenya no kwirinda ibintu byongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara yo kubura amaraso mu mubiri.Ibyo bishobora gusobanura kwirinda ibishyimbo bya fava n'ibindi bintu bitera indwara. Ni ngombwa kandi kugira imyitwarire myiza, nko kuruhuka bihagije no kutanywa itabi. Baza muganga wawe amakuru agufasha gucunga uburyo ikibazo cyo kubura G6PD kigira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe. Ntugatinye, kumenya ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda!

Kubura G6PD, kubura amaraso mu maraso, umuhondo, indwara za genetiki, uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso, ibishyimbo bya fava, imisemburo