Reka twige ibyerekeye Geographic Atrophy, igira ingaruka ku buryo bucece ku kureba kwawe.

Ese hari igihe wumva ko kureba kwawe kugenda kugabanuka buhoro buhoro, cyane cyane iyo ureba imbere, kandi hagati mu kureba kwawe hatagaragara neza, nk'ahantu hijimye? Ese birakugora gusoma igitabo cyangwa ikinyamakuru, cyangwa kubona ibintu mu mwijima? Rero, uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga kuri Geographic Atrophy, indwara y'amaso ishobora kubaho ku bantu bamwe na bamwe bageze mu za bukuru. Ntugahangayike, ni ngombwa cyane kubimenya.

Gucika intege kw'ikirere (Geographic Atrophy) ni iki?

Mu magambo make, Geographic Atrophy ni izina ry'ubuvuzi ry'icyiciro gikomeye cyane, cya nyuma cy'indwara y'amaso yumye ifitanye isano n'izabukuru (AMD), indwara ifata amaso uko tugenda dusaza. Ushobora kuba warumvise iby'indwara y'amaso. Iki ni cyo gihe macula , igice cy'ingenzi cyane cya retina iri mu maso yacu, yangirika.

Tekereza nawe, ibintu ubona neza iyo ureba imbere, nk'inyuguti iyo usoma igitabo, cyangwa isura iyo ureba umuntu, byose ni ibintu macula idufasha kubona neza. Rero, iyo Geographic Atrophy ibaye, ni bwo buryo bwo kureba hagati bugira ingaruka cyane. Ariko, kureba ku ruhande, cyangwa ibintu bibonwa ku mpande, biracyashobora kugaragara.

Iyi ndwara ikunze kwibasira amaso yombi (ku mpande zombi). Umuntu ufite ikibazo cyo kugabanuka k'imiterere y'amaso ashobora kugira akantu k'umwijima (scotoma) hagati mu jisho iyo areba imbere, kandi ubushobozi bwo kureba bushobora kugabanuka.

Indwara ya Geographic Atrophy ikunze kugaragara gute?

Ifata abantu barenga miliyoni 8 ku isi yose. Indwara ya Geographic Atrophy ni indwara ifata abantu bagera kuri 20% bafite ikibazo cyo kwangirika k'amagufwa y'amagufwa akomoka ku myaka (AMD). Rero, ntabwo ari ibintu bidasanzwe.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya Geographic Atrophy?

Muri iki gihe, ushobora kugira ibimenyetso nk'ibi:

• Kubura ubushobozi bwo kureba neza: Mu by'ukuri, ibintu bigenda bitagaragara neza kandi bigahita birushaho kuba bityaye.
• Gusoba gusoma, gutwara imodoka no gukora imirimo y'amaboko : Bishobora kugorana gukora akazi kose gasaba kureba neza. Ibintu nko gusoma inyandiko nto mu kinyamakuru, kureba televiziyo, cyangwa gushyira urushinge mu ruziga bishobora kugorana.
• Akadomo k'umwijima, cyangwa ahantu hatabona neza, mu iyerekwa ryawe ryo hagati: Agace ureba gusa ni ko kagaragara nk'umukara, nk'ahantu hadafite ikintu.
• Kugorwa no kubona mu rumuri ruto : Nimugoroba, ibintu biba bitagaragara neza mu bice bifite urumuri ruto.
• Amabara agenda adasa neza cyangwa asa n'aho adasa neza : Ibintu byasaga neza mbere mu ibara bishobora kugaragara nk'ibidasa neza kandi bihinduka ibara.

Igikuru ni uko Geographic Atrophy ari indwara ibaho mu gihe cy’izabukuru. Kubwibyo, ushobora kutabona ibimenyetso mu ntangiriro , cyangwa ntubone itandukaniro rinini iyo ijisho rimwe gusa rigize ikibazo.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera Atrophy y’imiterere y’ubutaka (Geographic Atrophy)?

Nkuko twabivuze mbere, iki ni cyo cyiciro cya nyuma cya AMD yumye. Abashakashatsi ntibaramenya neza impamvu ituma izi mpinduka mu jisho zihinduka ihinduka ihindagurika ry’imiterere y’ijisho. Ariko, batekereza ko hari inzira yitwa complement cascade , iri mu bigize ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri wacu, irimo. Ibi bivuze ko hari inzira zimwe na zimwe mu mubiri wacu zishobora kuba zidakora neza kandi zigatera iyi kwangirika. Byongeye kandi, ibintu bigize uturemangingo (ni ukuvuga ibintu bihererekanywa kuva ku gisekuru kijya ku kindi) n’ibintu bidukikije nabyo bishobora kugira uruhare.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko indwara yo mu bwoko bwa geographic atrophy atari indwara yandura . Ntushobora kuyikwirakwiza ku wundi muntu.

Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kwangirika kw'imiterere y'ubutaka?

Nubwo iyi ndwara ishobora kugaragara ku muntu uwo ari we wese, hari abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kuyirwara. Ibi ni ibi bikurikira:

• Abantu bafite imyaka 60 cyangwa irenga.
• Abazungu (nubwo ibi bitagize icyo bitwaye cyane muri Sri Lanka, ni byiza kubimenya).
• Abantu bafite amaso y'amabara yoroheje.
• Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ufite ikibazo cyo kwangirika kw'amaso gishingiye ku gusaza cyangwa izindi ndwara ziterwa n'uturemangingo bigira ingaruka ku maso.
• Abantu banywa itabi cyangwa banywaga itabi mu bihe byashize.
• Abantu barya indyo irimo imbuto n'imboga nkeya, cyane cyane imboga z'icyatsi kibisi, ni ingenzi cyane ku buzima bw'amaso.
• Abantu bakunze kwibasirwa n'izuba ryinshi.
• Abantu bafite ubumuga bwo kureba buri hagati ya 20/200 cyangwa bubi kurushaho (ubuhanga busanzwe bwo kureba bufatwa nka 20/20).

Byongeye kandi, abantu bafite izindi ndwara, nka:

• Imirire mibi
• Umubyibuho ukabije
• Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso
• Kolesteroli nyinshi
• Diyabete `(Diabete Mellitus)`
• Indwara y'umutima

Ni izihe ngorane ziterwa no kugabanuka k'imiterere y'ikirere (Geographic Atrophy)?

Ikibabaje ni uko gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba bitewe no kugabanuka k'imiterere y'ahantu runaka bibaho burundu . Iyo umaze gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba imbere, bishobora kugorana gukora imirimo ya buri munsi nka:

• Gusoma ibitabo.
• Gutwara imodoka.
• Kumenya amasura y'abantu.
• Gukora ibyo ukunda bisanzwe, imirimo yo mu rugo, cyangwa ubukorikori.

Ibi bishobora gutuma ubuzima bugorana gato, ariko hari uburyo bwo kugufasha guhangana n'ikibazo.

Indwara ya Geographic Atrophy ipimwa ite?

Inzobere mu by'amaso izagusuzuma binyuze mu isuzuma ry'amaso n'ibindi bipimo. Muganga azakubaza kandi ibimenyetso byawe, izindi ndwara zose ufite, ndetse niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe wigeze kugira indwara nk'izo.

Ni ibihe bizamini bikorwa kuri ibi?

Kugira ngo amenye uko indwara yangiritse mu maso, muganga w'amaso ashobora gutumiza ibizamini nk'ibi bikurikira:

• Fundus autofluorescence : Ubu ni uburyo bwo gufata amashusho ya retina iri imbere mu jisho. Muri ubu buryo, ibintu bimwe na bimwe biri muri retina, nka lipofuscin , birabagirana munsi y'urumuri rwihariye nta mpamvu yo gukoresha ibitonyanga by'amaso. Ibi bishobora gufasha kumenya ahantu hangiritse.
• Isuzuma ry’amashusho rijyanye n’uburyo bwo gufata amashusho y’ijisho (OCT): Ubu buryo kandi ntibukoresha uburyo bwo gufata amashusho y’ijisho. Bukoresha urumuri rugaragara. Bufata igice cya retina kandi bugashobora kubona ingano y’ibyangiritse.
• Microperimetry : Ubu ni uburyo bwo gupima ubushobozi bwawe bwo kureba. Ibi bivuze ko ushobora kubona kure ndetse niba hari ahantu hijimye mu iyerekwa ryawe.
• Multifocal electroretinography : Muri iki kizamini, urumuri ruramurikira retina yawe kandi imikorere y'amashanyarazi irapimwa.

Niba ibi bizamini bisa n'ibigoye gato, ntugire ikibazo. Muganga wawe azagusobanurira byose.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura indwara ya Geographic Atrophy?

Inkuru nziza ni uko Ikigo gishinzwe Ibiribwa n'Imiti muri Amerika (FDA) giherutse kwemeza ku nshuro ya mbere imiti ibiri yo kuvura indwara yo mu gace k'amaso. Iyo miti ni pegcetacoplan (SYOFOVRE™) na avacincaptad pegol (IZERVAY™). Iyi miti ni inshinge zo mu maso. Iyi miti ishobora kugabanya ikwirakwira ry'indwara yo mu gace k'amaso. Muganga w'amaso azagutera iyi miti rimwe mu kwezi cyangwa buri mezi abiri.

Byongeye kandi, umuganga wawe w'amaso ashobora kukugira inama y'ubundi buryo bwo gucunga ihindagurika ry'imiterere y'umubiri, nko:

• Kuvugurura amaso : Ushobora gukenera ibikoresho byo kureba, nk'indorerwamo zidasanzwe cyangwa indorerwamo zo gukuza, kugira ngo bigufashe gukora imirimo yawe ya buri munsi.
• Inyongera ya AREDS2Inyongeramusaruro za AREDS2: Izi nyongeramusaruro zirwanya uburozi zageragejwe mu bushakashatsi ku ndwara z’amaso zijyanye n’imyaka. Abaganga bamwe bazikoresha mu kuvura AMD yumye. Formula ya mbere ya AREDS1 yari irimo beta-carotene hamwe n’ibi bintu. Ariko, kubera ko beta-carotene ifitanye isano n’ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y’ibihaha ku banywi b’itabi, AREDS2 irimo kandi lutein , zeaxanthin, vitamine E, zinc oxide , na cupric oxide.
• Telesikope ntoya ishobora guterwamo (IMT): Ibi bikubiyemo kubaga no gukuramo lenzi karemano y'ijisho ryawe hanyuma ukayisimbuza iyi telesikope nto. Iyi mashini irushaho gukuza ibintu mu buryo butaziguye kandi ikabishyira ku bindi bice bya retina bigikora neza.

Ese hari ingaruka mbi zikomoka ku buvuzi?

Kubera ko inkingo nshya za Pegcetacoplan na Avacincaptad pegol zikiri nshya cyane, impuguke ziracyakora ubushakashatsi ku bushobozi bwazo n'ingaruka zazo. Kuri ubu, ingaruka mbi zikurikira zizwiho kubaho:

• Kubabara amaso.
• Kuva amaraso mu myenge y'ijisho (Subconjunctival hemorrhage).
• Kugaragara kw'ibintu biremba mu mazi ari mu jisho (vitreous humor).
• Kugabanya imitsi y'ijisho.

Ni ngombwa kuganira na muganga wawe kuri ibi hanyuma ugahitamo uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura.

Ese gucika intege kw'ikirere (Geographic Atrophy) bishobora kwirindwa?

Mu by’ukuri, nta buryo bwo gukumira burundu igabanuka ry’imiterere y’umubiri, kuko igabanuka ry’amagufwa riterwa n’imyaka ridashobora kwirindwa.

Ariko, ushobora kugerageza kugabanya ibyago byawe byo kurwara ibi. Ibyo bivuze kwitondera ibintu bishobora guhinduka bishobora gutuma umuntu ahinduka. Ntidushobora guhindura ibintu nk'imyaka n'ubwoko. Ariko, ushobora gufasha kugabanya ibyago byawe ukora ibi bikurikira:

• Kutanywa itabi. Niba unywa itabi, gerageza kurireka.
• Kugenzura neza indwara zidakira nka diyabete, umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, umubyibuho ukabije, na cholesterol nyinshi.
• Ambara indorerwamo z'izuba zifite indorerwamo z'umuhondo kugira ngo urinde amaso yawe iyo ugiye hanze ku zuba.
• Ambara indorerwamo zikwiye zo kwirinda ku kazi, mu gihe ukina siporo, cyangwa mu bikorwa byo kwidagadura.
• Ugomba gukurikiza indyo yuzuye kandi ugashyiraho gahunda y'imyitozo ngororamubiri. Cyane cyane shyiramo imboga, ibyatsi n'imbuto mu mirire yawe.

Bigenda bite iyo ngize ikibazo cyo kutagira aho mfata umwanya (Geographic Atrophy)?

Muri rusange, icyerekezo cy’abantu bafite ikibazo cyo kutabona neza mu buryo bw’ikirere ntabwo ari cyiza cyane mu bijyanye n’amaso. Ariko, iyi ndwara igira ingaruka ku muntu mu buryo butandukanye. Uburyo bushya bwo kuvura bwazanye icyizere.

Igikuru ni uko Geographic Atrophy atari indwara yica kandi ko itazagira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe.

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?

Muganga wawe w'amaso azakubwira inshuro ugomba gusuzumwa amaso yawe. Bibwire muganga wawe ako kanya niba ubonye impinduka mu maso yawe cyangwa mu maso yawe.

Niba ugize ikibazo cyo kutabona neza cyangwa ububabare bukomeye bw'amaso, ni ngombwa ko uhita usaba ubufasha kwa muganga.

Ni ibihe bibazo ngomba kubaza muganga?

Iyo ugiye kwa muganga, ushobora kubaza ibibazo nk'ibi:

• Ese mfite ikibazo cy’imiterere y’amaso cyangwa indi ndwara y’amaso?
• Ni ibihe bizamini ngomba gukora?
• Ese nujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo mbone imiti mishya yo kuvura indwara ya Geographic Atrophy?
• Ni kangahe nkwiye gusuzumwa amaso yanjye?
• Ese nshobora kwitabira igerageza ry'ubuvuzi?
• Ni izihe mpinduka mu maso yanjye nkwiye kwitondera?
• Ese ushobora kumfasha kubona serivisi zimfasha zishobora kumfasha?

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka

Ni byiza ko hari uburyo bushya bwo kuvura indwara yo mu gace k'umubiri kandi ko ubushakashatsi bukomeje. Ariko, ni ibisanzwe kugira ubwoba iyo umenye ko ufite indwara ishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo buhoraho ku kureba kwawe.

Witinya. Muganga wawe w'amaso azakubwira byinshi kuri iyi ndwara, icyo ushobora kwitega, n'uburyo bwiza bwo kugufasha kuyifata. Ni ngombwa gukurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe no kwipimisha amaso buri gihe . Nanone, inkunga y'umuryango wawe izagufasha cyane muri iki gihe.

Kugabanuka k'imiterere y'amaso , kwangirika kw'amagufwa akomoka ku myaka, AMD, Macula, Ubuzima bw'amaso, Kubura ubushobozi bwo kureba, Indwara z'amaso