Icyo ugomba kumenya ku birebana n'ikintu cy'umukara mu bwonko!

Ese wigeze wibaza icyo urugingo rutangaje cyane mu mubiri wacu ari cyo? Ni ubwonko bwacu. Ni nk'aho umubiri wacu wose ugenzurwa. Icyo dutekereza, dukora, kandi twumva cyose kigenzurwa n'uru rugingo rutangaje ruri mu mutwe wacu muto. None se uzi icyo ubwonko bukozwemo? Ahanini, ubwonko bugizwe n'ubwoko bubiri bwihariye bw'ingingo. Kimwe ni ' imvi ' tuvuga uyu munsi. Ikindi ni ' umweru '. Ibi byombi ni ibice bibiri by'ingenzi kugira ngo ibikorwa byacu bya buri munsi bikore neza.

Mu magambo make, iki kintu cy'umukara ni iki?

Reka tubisobanure mu buryo bworoshye. Iki kintu cy'umukara ni ubwoko bw'ingenzi cyane bw'ingingo muri sisitemu yacu y'imitsi yo hagati, ari yo ubwonko bwawe n'umugongo wawe. Aha niho ingirabuzimafatizo nyinshi z'imitsi yacu ziba.

Noneho ushobora kwibaza uti 'Izi ngirabuzimafatizo z'imitsi ni iki?' Tekereza ko ari urusobe rw'insinga z'amashanyarazi zitwara amakuru hirya no hino mu mibiri yacu. Ingirabuzimafatizo z'imitsi zigizwe n'ibice bitatu by'ingenzi.

1. Umubiri w'imitsi: Iki ni cyo gice cy'ingenzi cy'ingirabuzimafatizo z'imitsi. Kimeze nk'umuzi w'igiti. Kirimo kandi nucleus y'ingirabuzimafatizo. Ni yo nucleus igenzura imikorere y'ingirabuzimafatizo zose.

2. Axon: Iki ni igice kirekire, gisa n'umugozi gituruka ku mubiri w'ingirabuzimafatizo, nk'igiti cy'igiti. Niho ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi bijyanwa kuva ku ngirabuzimafatizo imwe bijya ku yindi.

3. Dendrites: Izi ni nk'amashami y'igiti, uduce duto tw'udutsi duto duturuka mu mubiri w'ingirabuzimafatizo. Aha niho ibimenyetso biva mu tundi tunyangingo tw'imitsi byakirwa.

Rero, iki kintu cy'umukara kigizwe ahanini n'uturemangingo tw'uturemangingo tw'imitsi, tumeze nk'imizi, n'amashami, ameze nk'amashami. Ni ukuvuga ko akazi k'ingenzi ko gutunganya amakuru kabera muri iki kintu cy'umukara.

Iki kintu cy'umukara gitangira kubaho tukiri mu nda. Nyuma y'uko umwana avutse, ingano y'iyi ngingo iriyongera kugeza ku myaka 8. Hanyuma, ubucucike bwayo buriyongera kugeza ku myaka 20. Uku kwiyongera k'ubucucike niko byongera ubushobozi bw'ubwonko bwacu bwo gutunganya amakuru no gukura mu bwenge. Ariko ikintu cy'ingenzi tugomba kwibuka ni uko izi ngirabuzimafatizo z'imitsi zidakura vuba, cyangwa ngo zisubire kubaho iyo zipfuye. Ni ukuvuga ko iyo ingirabuzimafatizo z'imitsi zangiritse, ntizisubira kubaho.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y'ibintu by'umukara n'iby'umweru?

Iyi ni ingingo iteye urujijo ku bantu benshi. Hafi 40% by'ubwonko bwacu bigizwe n'ibintu by'umukara, naho 60% bisigaye ni ibintu by'umweru. Ibyo byombi bifite imikorere itandukanye. Ni nk'icyuma gitunganya imikorere n'insinga zacyo muri mudasobwa.

Reka dusobanukirwe neza itandukaniro riri hagati y'ibi byombi dukurikije imbonerahamwe iri hepfo.

Mu magambo make, ibintu by'umukara ni byo biri hagati y'ubushobozi bwacu bwo gutekereza no gutekereza. Amarangamutima yacu, kwibuka, kwiga, kuvuga, no kugenzura ingendo z'ubushake byose bibaho hano. Akazi k'ibintu by'umukara ni ugutanga ubutumwa vuba hagati y'ibi bigo bitunganya amakuru.

Iyi ngingo y'umukara iri he mu mubiri wacu?

Ibi biboneka cyane cyane ku buso bw'ubwonko bwacu no mu bice bimwe na bimwe byimbitse biri mu bwonko. Biboneka no mu ruti rw'umugongo.

Aho biherereye mu bwonko

Iyo urebye ishusho y'ubwonko, bisa nkaho bufite iminkanyari ku buso bwabwo, si byo se? Iyo minkanyari n'imikufi (Gyri na Sulci) bikozwe mu bintu by'umukara. Ese uzi impamvu bihanamye gutyo? Hanyuma ushobora gushyira ubuso bwinshi mu mwanya muto (imbere mu gahanga kacu). Niyo mpamvu abantu bafite ibintu by'umukara byinshi kurusha izindi nyamaswa. Niyo mpamvu dushobora gutekereza no kwiga ibintu bigoye.

Uduce tw'ubwonko aho ibintu by'umukara biba byinshi ni:

• Cerebellum: Iki ni igice cy'ubwonko bwacu inyuma, munsi. Kirimo umubare munini w'uturemangingo tw'imitsi mu bwonko bwose. Ni ingenzi cyane mu kugenzura uburinganire n'ingendo z'umubiri.
• Ubwonko: Iki ni cyo gice kinini cy'ubwonko. Aha niho imikorere yacu yo mu mutwe, nko gutekereza, kwibuka, n'ururimi, ibera.
• Umutima w'ubwonko: Iki ni igice gihuza ubwonko n'umugongo. Ni ingenzi mu kugenzura imikorere y'ingenzi nko guhumeka no gutera k'umutima.

Aho iherereye mu mugongo

Iyo ufashe umugongo, uba ufite igice cy'umweru inyuma, n'igice cy'umukara imbere. Umeze nk'ikinyugunyugu.

Ese imvi zishobora kwangirika cyangwa kugabanuka?

Yego, ikibabaje ni uko ibyo bishobora kubaho. Iyo uturemangingo tw’imitsi yo mu gice cy’umukara dupfuye, iyi ngingo iragabanuka. Impamvu nyamukuru ibitera ni uko utwo turemangingo tutabona umwuka wa ogisijeni n’amaraso dukeneye. Tekereza gato, kubera ko utwo turemangingo dukora buri gihe, dukeneye imbaraga nyinshi na ogisijeni kugira ngo dukore neza.

Byongeye kandi, hari uturemangingo tw’umukara dupfa uko tugenda dusaza, ariko utu ni two turemangingo tubaho igihe kirekire mu mibiri yacu.

Hari izindi ndwara nyinshi zangiza ibintu by'umukara:

• Indwara ya Alzheimer: Ibi biterwa n'ubwinshi budasanzwe bwa poroteyine (Amyloid na Tau) mu bwonko. Ibi bitera urupfu rw'uturemangingo tw'imitsi mu gice cy'umukara.
• Indwara ya Parkinson: Ibi biterwa no kubura kw'uturemangingo tw'imitsi mu gice cy'ubwonko cyitwa 'Substantia Nigra', kigizwe n'uturemangingo tw'imvi.
• Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Iyi izwiho kuba indwara yibasira cyane cyane ibintu byera. Ariko, ubushakashatsi bushya bwagaragaje ko iyi ndwara yangiza ibintu by'umukara, cyane cyane mu bice byimbitse by'ubwonko.
• Ibikomere byo mu mutwe (Ibikomere byo mu bwonko bikomeretsa umutima - TBI):Iyo ukubiswe cyane ku mutwe, kuva amaraso mu bwonko bishobora kwangiza uturemangingo tw’umukara.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ibyangiritse ku bintu by'umukara?

Ibimenyetso byo kwangirika kw'ibice by'umukara biterwa n'igice cy'ubwonko cyangiritse. Ariko muri rusange, ushobora kubona ibimenyetso nk'ibi:

• Gutakaza cyangwa kugabanuka k'ubwonko: Kugorwa no kwibuka ibintu bishya, kwibagirwa ibya kera.
• Ubumuga bwo mu mutwe: Ibi bivuga impinduka mu mitekerereze no mu bushobozi bwo gufata ibyemezo. Urugero:
• Ibibazo by'ururimi (kugorwa no kuvuga, kubona amagambo).
• Kudashobora kwibanda ku kintu.
• Kugorwa no gutekereza mu buryo bwumvikana no gufata ibyemezo bigoye.
• Ibibazo by'imitsi: Kugorwa no kugenda neza, cyane cyane iyo ukoresha amaboko yawe ukanda ishati, wandika, cyangwa ufata igikombe.

Niba wowe cyangwa umuntu wawe wa hafi ufite ibi bimenyetso, ni ngombwa cyane kujya kwa muganga ako kanya no gusaba inama vuba.

Ni gute abaganga basuzuma iyi ndwara?

Ubusanzwe abaganga bakoresha MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) kugira ngo barebe ubuzima bw'ibice byawe by'imvi n'umweru. Iki kizamini gikora cyane mu gusuzuma indwara nka Parkinson na MS. Byongeye kandi, ibizamini nka fMRI (Functional MRI) na PET (Positron Emission Tomography) nabyo bishobora gukoreshwa.

Ese hari uburyo bwo kuvura iyo byangiritse?

Ikibabaje ni uko ubu nta buryo bwo gusubiza inyuma cyangwa gukiza burundu ibyangiritse ku bintu by’umukara, kuko nk'uko twabivuze mbere, iyo uturemangingo tw’imitsi dupfuye, ntabwo dushobora kongera kumera neza.

Bityo rero, icyo wakora ni ukugerageza kugenzura ibimenyetso no kwirinda ko indwara irushaho kwiyongera. Kugira ngo ubigereho, ni ngombwa gukurikiza neza uburyo muganga yaguhaye.

Ni gute twakomeza kugira ubuzima bwiza ku bimera byacu by'umukara?

Iki ni cyo gice cy'ingenzi cyane. Ni byiza cyane kwirinda kwangirika kuruta kuvura nyuma yuko bibaye. Amaraso n'umwuka mwiza ni ingenzi ku buzima bw'ibintu bitukura. Kubwibyo, ni ingenzi cyane kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'imitsi yo mu bwonko.

Dore bimwe mu bintu ushobora gukora:

• Kugenzura umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso (hypertension): Niba ufite umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, fata imiti muganga wawe yakwandikiye ku gihe.
• Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe: Ni byiza cyane gukora nibura iminota 30 y'imyitozo ituma umuntu abira ibyuya ku munsi.
• Gabanya kunywa inzoga: Irinde inzoga uko bishoboka kose.
• Gumana ibiro byiza: Ni ingenzi cyane kugumana ibiro bikwiranye n'uburebure bwawe.
• Gusinzira neza: Amasaha 7-8 yo gusinzira neza ku munsi ni ingenzi.
• Genzura urugero rw'isukari n'ibipimo bya cholesterol mu maraso: Niba ufite indwara nka diyabete na cholesterol, zigenzure neza.
• Irinde cyangwa ureke kunywa itabi.
• Kugabanya stress: Ibintu nko gutekereza cyane no gukora yoga bishobora gufasha kugabanya stress.

Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko nubwo abantu barengeje imyaka 65, bakora siporo buri gihe baba bafite ingano nini y’ibinure kurusha abatabikora. Ibi bivuze ko gukomeza gukora siporo mu buzima bwabo bwose ari ingirakamaro cyane ku buzima bw’ubwonko bwacu.

Byongeye kandi, ni byiza cyane kwiga ibintu bishya bigerageza ubwonko. Ibintu nko kwiga ururimi rushya, igikoresho cya muzika, cyangwa gusoma ibitabo ntabwo birema uturemangingo dushya tw’imitsi, ahubwo birema isano rishya hagati y’uturemangingo tw’imitsi dusanzweho. Ibi tubyita plasticity y’ubwonko / neuroplasticity.