Tekereza ko uri gutema imboga mu gikoni ugatema ukuboko kwawe ku bw'impanuka. Cyangwa se tuvuge ko umwana muto aguye mu gihe akina agakomereka ivi. Mbere na mbere, amaraso make arasohoka, ariko nyuma y'igihe runaka, nubwo ntacyo dukora, amaraso arahagarara, si byo se? Ibi si ikindi kintu gusa. Ubu ni uburyo butangaje bwo kwirwanaho mu mubiri wacu. Mu buvuzi, ibi tubyita hemostasis . Muri make, iyi ni inzira karemano ihagarika kuva amaraso mu gikomere kandi igategura umubiri gukira icyo gikomere.
None se iyi nzira yitwa hemostasis ibaho ite?
Ibi bisa n'inkuru ishimishije cyane. Ijambo hemostasis rigizwe n'ibice bibiri. "Hemo" bivuga "amaraso" na "stasis" bivuga "guhagarara" cyangwa "guhagarara." Mu magambo make, bivuze "guhagarika gutembera kw'amaraso." Iyi gahunda itangira mu masegonda make nyuma y'imvune. Ni ibisanzwe kuva amaraso kuva mu gikomere mu minota ibiri kugeza kuri irindwi.
Iyi si inzira y'intambwe imwe. Ibaho mu ntambwe zitandukanye, nk'itsinda ry'abanyabukorikori bakorana kugira ngo barangize umushinga. Reka turebe intambwe enye z'ingenzi.
| Intambwe | Ni iki kibaho (mu magambo yoroshye) |
|---|---|
| Intambwe ya 1: Kuziba kw'imitsi y'amaraso | Imiyoboro y'amaraso (imiyoboro y'amaraso) aho yakomeretse irakomera, nk'aho umuntu akanda umuyoboro w'amazi. Ibi bigabanya umuvuduko w'amaraso. |
| Intambwe ya 2: Gukora plug y'agateganyo | Platelets, ubwoko bw'uturemangingo duto tureremba mu maraso yacu, twihutira kugera aho igikomere cyakomeretse maze tukagifata. Ziraterana zigafunga igikomere by'agateganyo. Ni nko gushyira umupfundikizo ku icupa. Ibi kandi byitwa hemostasis y'ibanze . |
| Intambwe ya 3: Gutangiza urunigi rwo gufungana | Noneho akazi nyakuri karatangiye. Ni iki kiri mu marasoPoroteyine zitwa "coagulation factors" zishyirwa mu bikorwa kimwe kimwe, bigakomeza iyo "seal" y'agateganyo. Ibi ni nk'uruhererekane rw'ibikorwa. Ibi byitwa "secondary hemostasis" . |
| Intambwe ya 4: Ikorwa ry'amaraso ahoraho | Amaherezo, plaquettes na poroteyine idasanzwe yitwa fibrin bihurira hamwe bigakora amaraso akomeye kandi ahoraho, nk'amatafari n'amasafuriya byubaka urukuta. Ibi bifunga burundu igikomere. Nyuma, uko igikomere gikira, amaraso ashonga maze uruhu rushya rukavuka. |
Mu magambo make, hemostasis ni "plaster" isanzwe y'umubiri wacu. Iyo tuyibuze, ndetse n'agashinyaguro gato gashobora gutuma tuva amaraso menshi ndetse bikaba byanashyira ubuzima mu kaga.
Bigenda bite iyo iyi gahunda itagenze neza?
Nubwo ubu buryo busanzwe bukora neza cyane, rimwe na rimwe bushobora kugenda nabi. Hanyuma hashobora kuvuka ibibazo bibiri:
1. Kudafata amaraso neza: Ibi bibaho iyo amaraso adafashe neza iyo bikenewe. Ndetse n'igikomere gito gishobora gutera kuva amaraso igihe kirekire, bigatera ibisebe n'udusebe.
2. Gucika cyane kw'amaraso: Ibi bibaho iyo amaraso acitse mu mubiri iyo adakenewe. Ibi bishobora guteza akaga gakomeye.
Iyo amaraso yiyongera cyane (Hypercoagulability)
Ibi ni bibi kuko amaraso adakenewe avuka mu mubiri (ibyo twita thrombosis ) ashobora kunyura mu mitsi y'amaraso agashyirwa mu ngingo z'ingenzi nk'ubwonko, umutima n'ibihaha. Ibyo ni ko biba.
- Stroke: Iyo amaraso apfutse umutsi ujyana amaraso mu bwonko.
- Indwara y'Umutima: Iyo amaraso apfutse umuyoboro w'amaraso utanga amaraso mu mutima.
- Kuziba kw'imitsi y'ibihaha: Ibi bishobora kubaho iyo amaraso apfunditse ( Deep Vein Thrombosis - DVT ), akenshi avuka mu mitsi miremire mu kuguru, agacika maze agashyirwa mu mitsi yo mu bihaha.
Amoko amwe na amwe ya kanseri, indwara zikomoka ku ngirabuzimafatizo (urugero: Factor V Leiden , kubura poroteyine C ), n'izindi ndwara (urugero: Antiphospholipid syndrome , indwara zikomeye - sepsis ) bishobora kongera amaraso mu buryo nk'ubu.
Iyo amaraso agabanutse cyane (Hypocoagulability)
Ibi ni ibinyuranye n'ibyo. Kubera ko amaraso yawe adafata neza, igikomere icyo ari cyo cyose gishobora guteza akaga. Ndetse no gukomereka gato bishobora gutera kuva amaraso menshi. Hashobora no kuva amaraso mu mubiri mu buryo butagaragara.
Ingero z'ingenzi z'ibi ni izi:
- Hemophilia: Iyi ni indwara iterwa n'uturemangingo aho umubiri udakora kimwe cyangwa byinshi mu bintu bikenewe kugira ngo amaraso avunge.
- Indwara ya Von Willebrand: Iyi ni indwara isanzwe iterwa n'uturemangingo isa na hemophilia.
- Thrombocytopenia: Kugabanuka k'umubare wa platelets, ari na zo selile z'ingenzi zifata amaraso. Iyi ndwara ishobora kugaragara muri zimwe mu ndwara za kanseri (urugero: leukemia ).
Wamenya ute niba hari ibibazo nk'ibi?
Niba ufite ibi bimenyetso, muganga wawe azakohereza kwa muganga w’indwara z’amaraso. Azakubaza ibimenyetso byawe kandi aguhe amabwiriza yo gupima amaraso.
Bimwe muri ibyo bizamini ni ibi bikurikira:
- Umubare w'amaraso yuzuye (CBC)
- Umubare w'udupira tw'amaraso
- Igihe cyo kuva amaraso
- Igihe cya Prothrombin (PT)
- Igihe cya Thromboplastin cyakozwe (aPTT)
- Urwego rwa Fibrinogen
Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga?
Niba ufite ibimenyetso, ntugomba kubyirengagiza. Ibi bishobora kuba ari ibintu byihutirwa.
| Icyiciro cy'ibimenyetso | Ibintu byo kwitaho |
|---|---|
| Ibimenyetso by'ubwiyongere bw'amaraso mu kuvura (Hypercoagulability) - Ibi ni ibintu byihutirwa, jya kwa ETU vuba! | |
| Ubwonko (ubumuga) | Kubura ibinya ku ruhande rumwe rw'umubiri, kugorwa no kuvuga, kunama ku ruhande rumwe rw'isura, kuribwa umutwe cyane. |
| Umutima (indwara y'umutima) | Kubabara mu gituza, kugorwa no guhumeka, gucika intege, umutima utera cyane, gucika intege. |
| Mu bihaha (Pulmonary Embolism) | Guhumeka nabi mu buryo butunguranye, kubabara mu gatuza, gukorora amaraso, iminwa y'ubururu cyangwa intoki, gucika intege. |
| Mu kuguru (DVT) | Ububabare, kubyimba, no gutukura mu gice cy'inyuma cyangwa ahandi ku kuguru. |
| Ibimenyetso byo kugabanya amaraso mu mubiri - vugana na muganga wawe niba ufite ibi. | |
| Ibintu bisanzwe | • Kuva amaraso mu mazuru kenshi no kugorwa no kubihagarika. • Kuva amaraso mu ishinya mugihe woza amenyo. • Ndetse n'igikomere gito kiva amaraso igihe kirekire. • Gukomeretsa (ubururu/umuhengeri) ku mubiri nta mpamvu. |
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Hemostasis ni inzira karemano kandi y'ingenzi ituma umubiri wacu uhagarika kuva amaraso bitewe n'igikomere.
- Iki ni igikorwa kigoye kandi gikubiyemo intambwe nyinshi.
- Hari igihe iyi nzira ishobora kugenda nabi. Ibi bintu byombi, byitwa hypercoagulability cyangwa hypocoagulability, bishobora guteza akaga.
- Ibimenyetso nko kubabara mu gituza gitunguranye, guhumeka bigoranye, cyangwa guta ubwenge ku ruhande rumwe rw'umubiri bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'amaraso yacitse. Muri ibyo bihe, jya kwa muganga wita ku barwayi ba ETU byihutirwa.
- Niba urimo gukomereka nta mpamvu, cyangwa niba urimo kuva amaraso menshi bitewe n'ibikomere bito, ntubyirengagize kandi vugana na muganga wawe nta kabuza.
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