Indwara ya Autism ikora cyane ni iki? Reka tumenye neza icyo ari cyo! (Indwara ya Autism Spectrum Disorder)

Ese wigeze ubona umwana uzi kwiga neza kandi ushobora gukora ku giti cye, ariko agatinya kwifatanya n'inshuti zikaganira? Hari ababyeyi batekereza ko ibi ari isoni, ariko rimwe na rimwe hashobora kuba hari impamvu y'ubuvuzi ibitera. Uyu munsi turaganira kuri iyi ndwara, ikunze kwitwa "High-functioning Autism", ariko mu by'ukuri ifite ibisobanuro byagutse.

"Autism ikora neza" ni iki mu by'ukuri?

Ikintu cya mbere cyo kuvuga ni uko 'Autism ikora cyane' atari indwara yemewe n'abaganga. Ni ijambo risanzwe dukoresha mu biganiro bya buri munsi. Ubusanzwe rikoreshwa mu kuvuga abantu bashobora gukora ubumenyi bw'ibanze mu buzima nko kuvuga, kwandika, gusoma, kurya, kwambara, ndetse no kubaho mu buryo bwihariye.

Mu buvuzi, iyi ndwara yitwa Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) . Muri make, autism ni indwara iterwa n'iterambere ry'ubwonko. Ijambo 'spectrum' ni ingenzi cyane hano. Tekereza nk'umukororombya. Kimwe n'umukororombya ufite amabara atandukanye, ubukana bw'ibimenyetso ku bantu barwaye ASD buratandukanye cyane. Bamwe bashobora kugira ibimenyetso bikomeye cyane, abandi bashobora kugira ibimenyetso byoroheje cyane. Igipimo cy'ubwenge (IQ) gishobora kandi gutandukana cyane bitewe n'umuntu ku wundi.

Mu bihe byashize, mbere y'imyaka ya 1990, indwara ya autisme yasuzumwaga gusa ku bantu bafite ibimenyetso bikomeye cyane. Ariko nyuma yaho, ubwoko bw'indwara yoroheje nabwo bwaramenyekanye. Ushobora kuba warumvise indwara ya Asperger 's Syndrome . Ni indwara yoroheje kandi.

Ariko mu 2013, Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika ryita ku ndwara zo mu mutwe ryashyize izi ndwara zose zifitanye isano na autism munsi y’umwenda umwe. Ibyo ni byo tuvuga uyu munsi, autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Noneho rero urabizi, nubwo tuvuga "High-functioning Autism" na "Asperger's," zose ziri mu cyiciro kinini cyitwa ASD .

Ni ibihe bintu biranga umuntu urwaye ASD (High-functioning Autism)?

Kimwe n'abandi bose bafite ASD, ikibazo gikomeye abo twita 'High-Functioning' ni imibanire n'itumanaho.

• Intege nke mu bumenyi bwo kubana n'abandi: Bagorwa no gusobanukirwa amarangamutima y'abandi, uko isura yabo igaragara,, Biragoye kumva ibisobanuro biri mu magambo (ibimenyetso by'imibanire). Kubwibyo, kugira inshuti bishobora kugorana. Tekereza ugiye mu birori by'isabukuru y'amavuko, mu gihe abandi bana bakina hamwe, umwana urwaye ASD ashobora guhagarara wenyine iruhande. Ibi si ukubera ko atabikunda, ahubwo ni ukubera ko atabasha kumenya uko yakwitwara muri iyo mimerere yo mu mibanire. Nanone ntareba mu maso cyane kandi akagira ibiganiro bito bitari ngombwa.
• Ingeso zo Gusubiramo no Kugabanya Imipaka: Bakunda cyane gahunda n'uburyo ibintu bigenda neza. Ntibakunda ko bihinduka na gato. Urugero, bagomba gufata inzira imwe bajya ku ishuri buri munsi, bagomba gushyira ibikinisho byabo mu buryo bumwe. Bashobora kugira ingeso zo gusubiramo. Urugero, bakoma amashyi, bavuza induru.
• Ibyihariye: Bashobora kuba bashishikajwe cyane n'ikintu runaka, nka dinosaure, gari ya moshi, cyangwa imikino ya videwo, kandi bashobora gushukwa no kuvuga kuri ibyo gusa.

Ni gute umuganga asuzuma iyi ndwara?

Nta kizamini cya muganga gihoraho, nko gupima amaraso, kugira ngo hamenyekane indwara ya ASD. Abaganga basanzwe basuzuma ku mugaragaro bareba imyitwarire y'umwana n'imikurire ye uko igihe kigenda gihita. Umwana ashobora kubona ibimenyetso bya ASD akiri mu mezi 18. Ku myaka 2, inzobere ishobora kumusuzuma ku buryo buhoraho. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe, cyane cyane ku bafite ibimenyetso byoroheje, indwara ishobora kumenyekana nyuma cyane, wenda mu gihe cy'ubwangavu cyangwa mu gihe cy'ubukure.

Uburyo bwo gusuzuma umwana urwaye ASD bugizwe n'ibice bitatu by'ingenzi.

Uburyo bwo gusuzuma indwara mu bantu bakuru

Gusuzuma ASD mu bantu bakuru biratandukanye gato. Muganga azakubwira ubuzima bwawe bwa none, imibanire yawe n'abandi , imyitwarire isubiramo, ibyo ukunda, n'ibibazo uhura na byo. Bashobora kandi kukubaza ibijyanye n'ubwana bwawe. Ushobora kandi kubaza umubyeyi cyangwa umuvandimwe wawe ibijyanye na byo.

ASD n'ubuzima bw'ishuri/akazi

Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko urubyiruko rufite ASD rufite amahirwe menshi yo guhitamo amasomo ya STEM (Ubumenyi, Ikoranabuhanga, Ubwubatsi, n'Imibare) muri kaminuza. Abana bafite ASD bafite ubwenge busanzwe nabo bakunze kuba beza mu mibare kurusha abandi bana bafite ubwenge bumwe. Impuguke zemeza ko ibi biterwa n'ubuhanga bwihariye mu gutunganya ibintu hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo kumenya imiterere abantu bafite ASD bafite.

Nubwo hari impano nk’izi, ubushomeri mu bantu bafite ASD buri hejuru cyane. Mu 2021, 85% by’abantu bakuru bafite ASD nta kazi bari bafite.

Impamvu nyamukuru ibi ni imbogamizi bahura nazo mu gihe cy'ibiganiro by'akazi. Kubera ko ASD igira ingaruka ku bumenyi bw'imibanire n'abandi , bashobora kubura ubumenyi bwo kuganira bukenewe mu gihe cy'ibiganiro. Nubwo baba bafite ubumenyi bwose bukenewe mu kazi, uwabaza ashobora kuba afite urwikekwe kuri bo.

Ibyo bivuze ko, iyo abantu bafite ASD bafashijwe kandi bagahabwa amahirwe akwiye, bashobora kugira uruhare runini ku isi binyuze mu mpano zabo zidasanzwe.