Ese wigeze ubona ko umwana wawe rimwe na rimwe yitwara mu buryo butandukanye n’ubw’abandi bana? Ahari akunda gushaka inshuti nshya, cyangwa se akagira ikibazo cyo kumva uko abandi bantu bameze mu maso. Cyangwa se akunda kuvuga ku gikinisho kimwe cyangwa ingingo imwe (nk'ama-dinosaure, gari ya moshi, imikino yo kuri mudasobwa) ashishikajwe cyane kandi adahwema. Nk'umubyeyi, ni ibisanzwe ko wumva ufite ubwoba, uhangayikishijwe, kandi utazi icyo ukora iyo ubonye ibi bintu. "Kuki umwana wanjye ari we wenyine umeze gutya?" Ushobora kuba wibaza. Rero, uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku ndwara yitwa Asperger's Syndrome , ishobora kugaragaza ibi bimenyetso, ariko abantu benshi ntibabizi.
Mu by'ukuri indwara ya Asperger ni iki?
Mu magambo make, Asperger's Syndrome ni indwara iri mu cyiciro cyagutse cy'indwara za autism spectrum . Mu buvuzi, tuyita Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) . Nubwo Asperger's mbere yafatwaga nk'indwara yihariye, kuva mu 2013 yashyizwe mu cyiciro cyagutse cya ASD.
Impamvu ni uko byitwa "spectrum". Tekereza ku mukororombya. Hariho amabara atandukanye, ariko ntushobora kumenya neza aho ibara rimwe rirangirira n'irindi ritangirira, sibyo? Ni ko bimeze no kuri ASD. Abantu bose bafite iyi ndwara si bamwe. Hari abantu bafite ibimenyetso byoroheje cyane, abandi bakagira bike.
Ariko ikintu cyihariye kuri Asperger's ni uko ari ubwoko bworoheje bwa ASD. Aba bana akenshi ntibagaragaza gutinda mu mvugo cyangwa mu bwenge. Mu by'ukuri, rimwe na rimwe urwego rwabo rw'ubwenge rushobora kuba ruri hejuru y'ikigereranyo. Niyo mpamvu bamwe babona uyu mwana nk'umwana usanzwe witwara mu buryo butandukanye gato (Umwana usanzwe ufite imikorere y'ubwonko ).
Ni ingenzi cyane kumenya ibi bimenyetso, kuko icyo gihe dushobora guha umwana ubufasha n'ubuvuzi akeneye vuba bishoboka.
Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'indwara ya Asperger?
Indwara ya Asperger yigaragaza mu buryo butandukanye kuri buri muntu. Ariko hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bihuriyeho. Abana bafite iyi ndwara bafite ubushobozi budasanzwe muri bimwe, kandi bahura n'imbogamizi mu bindi bintu. Reka turebe byombi.
| Ubushobozi bwihariye n'imbaraga (Imitungo ishoboka) | Ingorane n'imbogamizi bishobora kubaho |
|---|---|
| Ubushobozi butangaje bwo kwibanda ku kintu kimwe no kwihangana. | Kumva urumuri rwinshi, urusaku rwinshi, uburyohe n'impumuro bimwe na bimwe. |
| Kugira ubuhanga buhebuje mu kumenya imiterere itandukanye. | Kugorwa no gusobanukirwa no gukurikirana urujya n'uruza rw'ibiganiro. |
| Kwita cyane ku tuntu duto cyane tw’ikintu. | Kugorwa no gusobanukirwa ubuhanga bwo kuvugana n'abandi mu buryo butari ubwo kuvuga nko kwerekana ibimenyetso no kugaragaza isura. |
| Kugira ubumenyi bwimbitse n'urwibutso ku ngingo ishishikaje. | Kurebana mu maso biba bike cyangwa bikaba bitameze neza iyo uvuga. |
| Muri rusange ni inyangamugayo kandi nta guca ku ruhande . | Gutinda guto cyangwa ubuswa mu mikorere y'umubiri. |
| Ubwitange bwo gukora hakurikijwe gahunda n'amategeko byashyizweho . | Bikunze kubaho indwara nk'imihangayiko no kwiheba. |
Ibintu byihariye n'imyitwarire
Aba bana bashobora kuba bashishikajwe n'ikintu kimwe kidasanzwe, nk'ikirere, amateka, cyangwa umukino wa videwo. Bazabivugaho amasaha menshi. Bakunda kandi kwiyumvamo impinduka mu mikorere.Ntibakunda guhindura gahunda zabo na gato. Bakunda kujya ku ishuri kimwe buri munsi, kurya ibiryo bimwe, no gukora icyarimwe. Iyi gahunda irababera umutekano. Bashobora kubabara cyane iyo ihindutse.
Ni gute nabona ubuvuzi n'ubufasha kuri ibi?
Niba ufite amakenga make ko umwana wawe afite ibi bimenyetso, icyiza wakora ni ukudatinya no kubibwira inzobere kuri ibyo.
Kumenya iki kibazo hakiri kare ni ingenzi cyane ku hazaza h'umwana. Abana bahabwa ubufasha bukenewe hakiri kare baba bafite amahirwe menshi yo gutsinda mu ishuri no mu gihe kizaza bakaba abanyeshuri bigenga.
Iyo ugiye kwa muganga w’umuryango wawe (GP), azakohereza ku muganga w’inzobere, nk’umuganga w’abana, umuganga w’indwara zo mu mutwe, cyangwa umuganga w’imitekerereze y’abantu .
Kubera ko buri mwana wese urwaye Asperger's atandukanye, gahunda yo kuvura izatandukana bitewe n'umwana umwe. Ubuvuzi bujyanye n'ibyo umwana akeneye. Ibi bishobora kuba bikubiyemo bumwe cyangwa bwinshi muri ubu buryo:
- Amahugurwa ku buhanga bwo kubana n'abandi: Amahugurwa ku buryo bwo kuganira n'abandi, kugira inshuti, no gukorana nk'ikipe.
- Ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire mu buryo bw'ubwenge (CBT): Ibi bigufasha kumenya uburyo bwo gucunga amarangamutima nk'imihangayiko no gucika intege no guhangana n'ibibazo bikomeye.
- Uburezi bw'ababyeyi: Ababyeyi bayoborwa ku buryo bwo gusobanukirwa no gufasha umwana wabo neza.
- Ubuvuzi bw'imivugire n'indimi: Bufasha kunoza ibintu nko kuganira mu buryo bw'impande zombi.
- Ubuvuzi bw'akazi: Bufasha mu gucunga ibintu nko kugira ubwivumbure mu mubiri no koroshya imirimo ya buri munsi.
- Imiti: Hari igihe muganga ashobora kuguha imiti yo kugenzura izindi ndwara zifitanye isano, nko guhangayika cyangwa kwiheba.
Inama nto ku babyeyi
Kwita ku mwana nk'uyu bishobora kugorana rimwe na rimwe. Bisaba kwihangana cyane, urukundo, gutozwa no kumva. Dore bimwe mu bintu bishobora kugufasha:
- Ntugahishe umwana wawe muri sosiyete cyangwa ngo umurinde cyane. Reka ahure n'ibibazo byo mu muryango. Azakora amakosa kandi azumve adashimishije, ariko azabyigiraho.
- Shimira ubuhanga bwabo mu guhanga udushya, ibyo bakunda byihariye, urwenya rwabo n'imbaraga zabo. Ishimire imico ibatandukanya n'abandi, ibatandukanya n'abandi.
- Aho guhita uhana iyo habayeho ikibazo, gerageza guhosha ikibazo. Gerageza gusobanukirwa impamvu umwana arakaye.
- Tanga ibitekerezo byiza igihe cyose bishoboka. Iyo akoze ikintu cyiza cyangwa yitwaye neza, mubwire. Ibi bizamuha imbaraga nyinshi zo kongera gukora ibyo bintu.
- Fatanya n'umwana wawe kugira ngo akure ubuhanga mu itumanaho. Mwumvishe ibintu nko kuvuga no gusobanukirwa ibintu binyuze mu marenga (itumanaho ritari iryo mu magambo) mu buryo bworoshye kandi bwuje urukundo.
Uru rugendo si urwo ugomba kunyuramo wenyine. Hari abantu bashobora kugufasha no kugushyigikira. Ushobora kuvugana na muganga wawe ukamenya amatsinda y'ababyeyi bagufasha cyangwa izindi mfashanyigisho ziboneka muri Sri Lanka. Ubumenyi ni imbaraga zikomeye.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Indwara ya Asperger ni ubwoko bworoheje bw'indwara ya autism spectrum (ASD). Si ubumuga bwo mu mutwe cyangwa indwara yo mu mutwe.
- Ibintu by'ingenzi biranga umuntu ni imbogamizi mu mibanire ye n'abandi ndetse no gushishikazwa cyane n'ikintu runaka.
- Niba ukeka ko umwana wawe afite ibi bimenyetso, ni ngombwa gushaka inama kwa muganga nta guhangayika. Kubimenya hakiri kare bitanga amahirwe menshi yo gutsinda ku mwana wawe.
- Ubuvuzi ni igikorwa cy’ikipe gihuza amahugurwa y’ubuhanga mu mibanire n’abandi, ubuvuzi bw’imyitwarire mu bwenge (CBT), n’ubufasha bw’ababyeyi.
- Hitamo itandukaniro ry'umwana wawe n'ubushobozi bwe bwihariye. Mushyigikire mu kwihangana, urukundo, no gusobanukirwa.
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