Ese umwana wawe asoma vuba cyane? Ariko ntubyumva? Ibi bishobora kuba ari (Hyperlexia)!

Ese umwana wawe muto, mbere y'abandi bana bo mu kigero cye, asoma ibitabo, ibinyamakuru n'ibyapa byo ku muhanda mu buryo butangaje? Ushobora gutungurwa uti "Oh, umwana wanjye ni umunyabwenge cyane, asoma cyane muri iki kigero." Ariko se, wigeze wumva asa n'aho adasobanukiwe neza ibyo asoma, kandi atazi uko yasubiza ibibazo kuri byo? Niba ari byo, iyi ishobora kuba indwara yitwa `(Hyperlexia)`. Ntugahangayike, reka tubiganireho mu buryo bworoshye, mu buryo ushobora kumva.

Iyi `(Hyperlexia)` ni iki? Biroroshye cyane!

Mu magambo make, `(Hyperlexia)` bivuze ko umwana wawe atangira gusoma amagambo kare kurusha uko byari byitezwe. Ariko hari akantu gato ko gushakisha. Igice cya "Hyper" gisobanura "byiza" cyangwa "byihuta. " " Lexia" bivuze "ururimi cyangwa gusoma." Rero, umwana ufite `(Hyperlexia)` ashobora kuba afite ubushobozi bwo kumenya amagambo no gusoma kurusha abandi bana bo mu kigero cye. Ariko, bashobora kudasobanukirwa byinshi mu byo basoma.

Tekereza, umwana wawe asoma ijambo rinini mu kinyamakuru neza cyane, ariko iyo umubajije icyo iryo jambo risobanura, cyangwa icyo interuro isobanura, ntasubize. Ibyo ni nk'ibyo. Bashobora kuba bashishikajwe cyane n'inyuguti n'imibare, ndetse wenda no kuba barabyibasiwe. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni uko ubushobozi bwo gusoma amagambo buri hejuru cyane kuruta ubushobozi bwo kumva ururimi.

Ese hari isano iri hagati ya `(Hyperlexia)` na `(Autism Spectrum Disorder - ASD)`?

Iki ni ikibazo ababyeyi benshi bagira. Yego, indwara yitwa `(Hyperlexia)` ikunze kujyana na `(Autism Spectrum Disorder - ASD)`. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko abana bagera kuri 84 ku ijana bafite `(Hyperlexia)` (ni ukuvuga abana bagera kuri 84 ku 100) bashobora kuba bari mu bwoko bwa autisme.

Ariko dore ingingo y'ingenzi. Abana bose bafite `(Hyperlexia)` si bo bafite autism. Nanone, hagati ya 6 na 14 ku ijana by'abana bafite autism ni bo bafite `(Hyperlexia)`. Rero, ntugatinye ko umwana wawe afite autism kubera ko umubonye asoma vuba. Ariko ni byiza kumenya iyi sano.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bwa `(Hyperlexia)`?

Abashakashatsi bagaragaje ubwoko butatu bw'ingenzi bwa "Hyperlexia":

`(Hyperlexia) I` (Ubwoko bwa I)

Iki ni cyo gihe abana basanzwe bakura biga gusoma kare cyane kandi neza kurusha uko byari byitezwe. Impuguke zimwe zivuga ko uku gusoma kare atari igitekerezo cyiza cyo gushyira mu cyiciro cya "Hyperlexia". Nyamara, abantu benshi bemeranya ko ubwoko bwa mbere bwa "Hyperlexia" budasaba kwitabwaho byihariye . Ibi bivuze ko niba umwana wawe aguye muri iki cyiciro, ashobora kuba ari umwana ufite impano gusa.

`(Hyperlexia) II` (Ubwoko bwa kabiri)

Ubu bwoko bukunze kugaragara ku bana bafite uburwayi bwa autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Aba bana bagaragaza ko bakunda cyane inyuguti n'imibare kuva bakiri bato. Bakunda ibitabo n'ibitabo byo gusoma kuruta ibindi bikinisho. Bashobora kandi kugaragaza ibindi biranga autism. Abavuzi bakunze gukoresha ubushobozi bw'uyu mwana bwo gusoma nk'igikoresho cyo kuvura.

`(Hyperlexia) III` (Ubwoko bwa gatatu)

Ibi bisa gato n'ubwoko bwa kabiri. Ariko, ikintu cyihariye hano ni uko ibimenyetso by'iyi ndwara bigenda bigabanuka uko igihe kigenda gihita bikarangira uko bagenda bakura. Aba bana kandi bafite ubuhanga bwo gusoma cyane, ariko imvugo yabo, ni ukuvuga ubushobozi bwo kugaragaza ibitekerezo mu magambo, ishobora gutinda gato. Nubwo bashobora kugaragaza ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe bya autisme, ubushobozi bwabo bwo kuganira n'abandi no gukomeza imibanire myiza (ubumenyi bwo gutumanaho) bushobora kuba buri ku rwego rusanzwe.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'umwana ufite `(Hyperlexia)`?

Ibimenyetso bigaragara cyane ni ubushobozi bwo gusoma cyane no gushishikazwa cyane n'inyuguti n'imibare. Nubwo umwana wawe ashobora gusa n'aho asoma neza cyane, ashobora kudasobanukirwa ibyo arimo gusoma.

Abana benshi barwaye "Hyperlexia" bagaragaza ibi bimenyetso:

• Kwiga vuba: Abana barwaye "Hyperlexia" biga gusoma vuba cyane, rimwe na rimwe nta mabwiriza yihariye, hafi yabo ubwabo. Bashobora kumenyera gusubiramo amagambo babona kandi bumva kenshi.
• Gukunda ibitabo: Aba bana bakunda ibitabo no gusoma kurusha ibindi bikinisho. Hari igihe bagaragara bandika amagambo mu kirere n'intoki zabo, cyangwa bavuga amagambo mu ijwi riranguruye.
• Ubukene bwo gusobanukirwa: Nubwo baba bazi gusoma, bashobora kugorwa no gusobanukirwa ibyo basoma. Urugero, bashobora kuba bashobora gusoma umukino ku mpapuro, ariko bakagorwa no gusobanukirwa uko bawukina. Cyangwa se bashobora kuba badashobora gusobanukirwa uburyo bwo gukemura ikibazo cy'impimbano.
• Ibimenyetso by'indwara y'imikurire: Abana bafite ikibazo cyo gukabya mu bwenge bashobora kugaragaza ibimenyetso by'indwara y'imikurire, urugero nk'ibibazo by'imyitwarire cyangwa kugorwa no kuvuga no kuvugana nk'abandi bana bo mu kigero cyabo.

Ni iki gitera `(Hyperlexia)`?

Mu by’ukuri, abashakashatsi ntibaramenya impamvu nyayo itera hyperlexia. Abenshi bemeza ko iterwa n’uruvange rw’ibintu bigize imiterere y’umubiri n’ibidukikije bigira ingaruka ku mikurire y’ubwonko bw’umwana. Ibyo bivuze ko atari ikosa ry’umuntu uwo ari we wese.

Ni gute wamenya `(Hyperlexia)`?

Ubu nta kizamini cyihariye gihari kuri iyi ndwara. Gusuzuma iyi ndwara bishobora kugorana, kuko bitajya bibaho ubwabyo. Umwana wawe ashobora kuyirwara hamwe n'ibindi bibazo byo mu myigire cyangwa imyitwarire. Nanone, igitabo cy'amabwiriza agenga indwara zo mu mutwe (DSM-5) ntigisobanura neza ko ari indwara yihariye. DSM-5 igaragaza ko Hyperlexia ari kimwe mu bigize indwara ya autisme spectrum.

Niba utekereza ko umwana wawe ashobora kuba afite ikibazo cyo gukabya mu bwenge, ikintu cya mbere ugomba gukora ni ukureba muganga w’abana. Ashobora kukwohereza ku muganga w’inzobere, nk’inzobere mu by’imitekerereze y’abana cyangwa inzobere mu by’imivugire. Aba bahanga bazakora ibizamini byihariye kugira ngo bamenye urwego rw’ubumenyi bw’umwana mu rurimi.

Ibi bizamini ntabwo bigoye cyane. Ntabwo bitera ubwoba umwana cyangwa ngo bishyire igitutu ku mwana. Bitezweho gusa kumenya neza icyo umwana azi n'icyo asobanukiwe.

Ubushobozi bw'umwana bwo kureba, kumva, gukora neza, no kuvugana na we birasuzumwa. Kubera ko hyperlexia ifitanye isano rya hafi na autism, muganga ashobora kandi gusaba gukoresha ibikoresho byo gusuzuma autism kugira ngo yemeze cyangwa agaragaze ko autism ihari.

Ni gute wafasha umwana ufite `(Hyperlexia)`?

Uburyo bwo kuvura buterwa n'ubwoko bwa `(Hyperlexia)` umwana afite n'imimerere ye bwite. Abana bafite `(Hyperlexia) I` (ubwoko bwa mbere) akenshi ntibakenera ubuvuzi ubwo aribwo bwose. Ariko, abana bafite `(Hyperlexia) II` (ubwoko bwa kabiri) na `(Hyperlexia) III` (ubwoko bwa gatatu) bashobora kungukirwa n'uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura.

• Ubuvuzi bw'imivugire: Ibi bifasha kunoza ubuhanga bw'umwana mu rurimi no mu mibanire. Umuvuzi w'imivugire n'indimi akoresha ubuhanga bw'umwana mu gusoma kugira ngo amufashe gutsinda intege nke ze. Gahunda yo kuvura ishyirwaho hashingiwe ku byo umwana akeneye n'ibyo ashishikajwe na byo. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo ubuhanga mu mibanire, gusobanukirwa, kwandika no kuvuga.
• Ubuvuzi bw'akazi: Ubu buvuzi bwihariye kandi bwibanda ku byo umwana akeneye byihariye. Umuvuzi ashobora gukora ku bintu bitandukanye umwana ahanganye na byo, nko gusinzira, kurya, kwiyitaho, kwandika, no kwitabira imirimo y'ishuri n'ibikorwa by'imibereho myiza.
• Ubujyanama mu by'imitekerereze/ubuvuzi: Aha, inzobere mu by'imitekerereze y'abana ikora ku byo umwana akeneye byihariye, nk'ibibazo by'amarangamutima, imyitwarire, n'imyigire.

Byongeye kandi,Guhitamo ahantu heza ho kwiga umwana wawe nabyo ni ingenzi cyane mu kuvura Hyperlexia. Niba umwana wawe afite Hyperlexia II, ashobora kungukirwa cyane no kwiga mu ishuri ryihariye. Ibi biterwa nuko ishuri risanzwe rishobora kumushimisha cyane. Umwana wawe ashobora kwishimira no kwiga neza mu buryo bwo kwigira ku giti cye.

Ariko, niba umwana wawe afite `(Hyperlexia) III`, ashobora kungukirwa no kuba mu ishuri risanzwe kuko bimuha amahirwe menshi yo guteza imbere ubumenyi bwe mu mibanire y'abantu ndetse no guteza imbere ubundi bumenyi bwo kwiga.

Ese Hyperlexia ishobora kwirindwa?

Nkuko twabiganiriyeho mbere, abashakashatsi ntibaramenya impamvu nyayo y’ibi. Kubwibyo, nta buryo bwo gukumira iki kibazo buhari ubu.

Ni ryari nkwiye kujyana umwana wanjye kwa muganga?

Niba utekereza ko umwana wawe agaragaza ibimenyetso bya "Hyperlexia", ni byiza kujya kwa muganga. Hari abana bashobora kuba bafite impano yo gusoma mbere y'igihe. Muganga ashobora kugufasha kumenya niba umwana wawe akeneye isuzuma n'ubuvuzi burambuye.

Ni ibihe bibazo ngomba kubaza muganga w'umwana wanjye?

Ushobora kubaza muganga ibibazo nk'ibi:

• Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa `(Hyperlexia)` umwana wanjye afite?
• Ese ibi bivuze ko umwana wanjye ashobora kuba afite autisme?
• Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvura usaba?
• Ese iyi ndwara (Hyperlexia) izashira uko umwana wanjye agenda akura?
• Ni iki nakora kugira ngo mfashe umwana wanjye guhangana n'iki kibazo?

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya `(Hyperlexia)` na `(Dyslexia)`?

Kunanirwa gusoma no kwandika ni ikinyuranyo cya hyperlexia. Mu gihe abana bafite hyperlexia batangira gusoma hakiri kare, abana bafite dyslexia bagorwa no kwandika no gusoma. Ariko, bitandukanye n'abana bafite hyperlexia, abana bafite dyslexia bakunze kumva ibyo basoma. Bashobora kwisobanura neza no gutekereza mu buryo bwumvikana.

Dislexia ni ubumuga bukunze kugaragara cyane mu myigire kuruta hyperlexia. Hafi 20% by'abaturage b'Abanyamerika barwaye dyslexia, naho hagati ya 80% na 90% by'ubumuga bwose bwo myigire buterwa na dyslexia.

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Niba umwana wawe asoma ku muvuduko utangaje, ntabwo bivuze ko afite ikibazo cyo gukabya gusoma cyangwa autism. Hari abana biga gusoma kare, kandi ni abahanga cyane. Ariko uzi umwana wawe neza. Nubona ikintu gisa n'aho kidasanzwe cyangwa kidasanzwe, hita ubona muganga w'umwana wawe. Ashobora kugufasha gufata icyemezo cy'icyo ugomba gukora nyuma yaho.

Wibuke ko uko ikibazo cyo kwiga cyaba kiri kose, uko kimenyekana vuba, ari ko bigenda neza. Icyo gihe dushobora guha umwana ubufasha n'inkunga akeneye vuba, tukamufasha gukura neza mu bushobozi bwe bwose. Ntugahangayike, nturi wenyine.

` Hyperlexia, autism, gusoma vuba, gusobanukirwa ururimi, iterambere ry'umwana, uburyo bwo kuvura imvugo, itandukaniro mu myigire