Ese uva amaraso menshi cyane ndetse no mu gikomere gito? Reka turebe ITP (Immune Thrombocytopenia)!

Ese hari igihe wibaza impamvu n'igisebe gito gihinduka igisebe kinini, cyangwa impamvu igisebe gito kitabuza kuva amaraso? Cyangwa uhura n'ibintu nko kuva amaraso mu mazuru nta mpamvu, cyangwa kuva amaraso mu ishinya iyo woza amenyo yawe? Niba ibi bintu bikubayeho kenshi, wenda ni ingenzi cyane ko umenya indwara tuvuga uyu munsi yitwa ITP (Immune Thrombocytopenia). Ntugahangayike, reka tubiganireho mu buryo bworoshye.

ITP (Immune Thrombocytopenia) ni iki?

Mu magambo make, ITP (Immune Thrombocytopenia) ni indwara aho amaraso yawe aba afite uturemangingo duto twitwa platelets . Izi platelets nizo zifasha guhagarika kuva amaraso iyo tugize imvune ahantu runaka mu mubiri wacu. Zikora ikibyimba gihagarika kuva amaraso . Rero, iyo umubare w'izi platelets ugabanutse, amaraso yawe ntabwo yipfundika byoroshye. Niyo mpamvu n'igikomere gito gishobora gutera kuva amaraso menshi, cyangwa ushobora gukomeretsa umubiri wawe.

Ibi byitwa ITP, kandi ijambo `Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri` risobanura ikintu kijyanye n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri. `Thrombocytopenia` bisobanura platelets nkeya. Rero, ikiba muri ibi ni uko ubudahangarwa bwawe bwite, abasirikare baturinda indwara, bibeshya ko uturemangingo twa platelets twawe ari umwanzi wo hanze maze bakadutera bakadusenya. Ni nko gutera umuntu mu nzu yawe, utekereza ko ari umujura.

Hari igihe indwara ya ITP ishobora kuvurwa hakoreshejwe cyangwa idafite imiti kandi ikagenda ikira uko igihe kigenda gihita. Ariko kuri bamwe, ishobora kuba indwara idakira . Ibi bivuze ko nubwo ibimenyetso bishobora gukemurwa, biragoye gukira burundu. Muri bene abo bantu, ubuvuzi bushobora kuba ngombwa mu buzima bwabo bwose.

Ni ayahe mazina yandi ya ITP?

Iyo ugiye kwa muganga, bashobora gukoresha andi mazina atari ITP. Rero ni byiza kwibuka aya mazina:

• "Autoimmune Thrombocytopenic Purpura"
• "Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura"
• `Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura` (Iri zina ryakoreshwaga cyane mu bihe byashize, `Idiopathic` bivuze ko impamvu nyayo itazwi)
• `Indwara ya Werlhof`
• `Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia`

Izina wayita iryo ari ryo ryose, akenshi riba risobanura indwara imwe.

ITP ikunze kugaragara gute?

Mu by’ukuri, indwara ya ITP ni indwara ikunze kugaragara . Si indwara ifata buri wese. Imibare igaragaza ko mu gihugu nka Amerika, abana bagera kuri bane mu bihumbi ijana (4/100.000) n’abantu bakuru batatu mu bihumbi ijana (3/100.000) basanzwe barwaye iyi ndwara buri mwaka. Iyi ndwara igaragara no muri Sri Lanka, ariko biragoye kubona imibare nyayo kuri yo. Ariko rero, niba umuntu afite iyi ndwara, ishobora kumubera ikibazo gikomeye, si byo se?

Ese hari ubwoko bwa ITP?

Yego, ITP ishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi:

1. ITP y'ibanze:Iki ni cyo gihe ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwawe bwibasira plaquettes zawe nta mpamvu igaragara. Abagera kuri 80 ku ijana (80%) by'abarwayi ba ITP bafite ubwo bwoko. Ni "indwara y'ubwirinzi bw'umubiri" bivuze ko iterwa n'imikorere mibi y'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri.

2. ITP ya kabiri: Ibi bibaho iyo umubare w'udukoko twa platelet ugabanutse nk'ingaruka z'indi ndwara, ubwandu, cyangwa imiti. Urugero:

• Indwara zimwe na zimwe z’igihe kirekire, nka VIH, Hepatite C, cyangwa H. pylori (bagiteri itera ibisebe byo mu gifu)
• Kanseri z'amaraso
• Izindi `(indwara zifata ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri)` (urugero: lupus - SLE)
• Bishobora kandi guterwa n'imiti imwe n'imwe.

Abaganga kandi bashyira ITP mu byiciro bakurikije igihe imaze ihari:

• ITP ikabije: Ibi bikunze kumera neza mu mezi atatu. Bikunze kugaragara cyane ku bana.
• ITP ihoraho: Ibi bishobora kumara amezi atatu kugeza ku mezi cumi n'abiri (umwaka umwe).
• ITP idakira: Iyi ndwara imara igihe kirenga umwaka. Ikunze kugaragara cyane ku bantu bakuru.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya ITP?

Hari abantu bashobora kugira ITP badafite ibimenyetso. Ariko, iyo ibimenyetso bigaragaye, bishobora kugaragara buhoro buhoro cyangwa mu buryo butunguranye. Ibimenyetso by'ingenzi ni ibi bikurikira:

• Petechiae: Aha niho ubona utudomo duto dutukura cyangwa tw'umuhengeri ku ruhu rwawe, cyane cyane ku maguru yo hasi. Dusa n'uduheri. Ntitwishira ubwatwo.
• Purpura: Petechiae twavuze haruguru yivanga igakora utudomo twinshi dutukura, umuhengeri cyangwa umukara. Utwo tuba duto ugereranije n'igisebe, ariko ni tunini ugereranije n'utwo tubamo. Ibi biterwa n'amaraso make ava mu mitsi mito iri munsi y'uruhu.
• Bikomeretsa byoroshye: Ndetse n'igisebe gito ahantu hose gishobora gutera igisebe kinini cyangwa igisebe. Hari igihe ibisebe bishobora kugaragara nta mpamvu igaragara.
• Ishinya riva amaraso: Ishinya rishobora kuva amaraso iyo wogeje amenyo cyangwa igihe uhagaze. Ishinya rishobora no kubyimba.
• Amaraso mu muyoboro w'imyenge: Niba umuyoboro wawe usa n'umwijima cyane, nk'ikarange, ushobora kuba uva amaraso imbere mu nda.
• Amaraso mu nkari: Niba amazi yo mu musarani asa n'umutuku cyangwa ibara ry'umutuku iyo urimo kunyara, bishobora kuba biterwa nuko hari amaraso mu nkari.
• Imihango myinshi y'abagore: Niba imihango yawe y'ukwezi imara iminsi irenga irindwi, cyangwa niba uva amaraso menshi cyane kuruta uko bisanzwe (`Menorrhagia`), ibyo bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cya ITP.
• Kuva amaraso mu mazuru kenshi.
• Igisebe kinini (Hematoma): Hari igihe igisebe kinini kandi cyabyimbye (`Hematoma`) gishobora kubaho iyo amaraso menshi ateraniye ahantu hamwe.
• Kumva unaniwe cyane (Umunaniro).

Icy'ingenzi: Niba ufite kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi bimenyetso, ni ngombwa cyane kubonana na muganga vuba kugira ngo akugire inama.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera ITP?

Nkuko twabiganiriyeho mbere, ITP ibaho iyo ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwawe bukoze nabi burwanya udukoko twa platelets zawe, hanyuma bugatuma utundi tunyangingo tw'umubiri tuwurinda kutwica. Iyo umutsi w'amaraso mu mubiri wawe wangiritse, udukoko twa platelets ni two tuza aho twakorewe, tugafatana, tugakora akantu ko kubumba amaraso, maze tugahagarika kuva amaraso. Ibi byitwa "hemostasis y'ibanze".

Ariko, ndetse n'impuguke ntizirasobanukirwa neza impamvu iyi mikorere y'umubiri itangira kwibasira plaquettes zayo.

Ariko, ubushakashatsi bumwe bwagaragaje ko:

• Ku banduye `(HIV)` (Virusi itera SIDA)
• Ku bantu bafite ubwandu bwa bagiteri bwitwa `(H. pylori)` (Helicobacter pylori) (ibi bikunze kujyana n'ibisebe byo mu gifu na gastritis)
• Ku bantu barwaye indwara y'umwijima yitwa `(Hepatitis C)`

Hari ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara ya ITP. Ibi bishobora gutuma habaho indwara ya ITP ya kabiri.

Indwara ya ITP ipimwa ite?

Mbere yuko umuganga amenya niba ufite ITP, abanza gukora isuzuma ryimbitse kugira ngo arebe ibimenyetso byo kuva amaraso, gukomereka, n'uduheri nka petechiae na purpura. Hanyuma azabaza amateka y'ubuzima bwawe bwa kera, imiti ufata, ndetse niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe wigeze kugira ibibazo byo kuva amaraso.

Kubera ko ibimenyetso bya ITP bishobora gusa n'iby'izindi ndwara zo kuvura amaraso cyangwa indwara zikomeye nka kanseri y'amaraso, muganga azakuraho izindi mpamvu zose (isuzuma ry'uko amaraso adahari) mbere yo gusuzuma burundu ITP.

Ni ibihe bipimo bikoreshwa mu gusuzuma indwara ya ITP?

Ubusanzwe abaganga bakora ibi bizamini:

• Umubare wuzuye w'amaraso (CBC): Ibi bigenzura umubare w'ubwoko butandukanye bw'uturemangingo mu maraso yawe, harimo uturemangingo dutukura, uturemangingo twera, cyane cyane uturemangingo duto . Muri ITP, utwo turemangingo dushobora kuba turi hasi cyane.
• Gupima amaraso mu gice cyo hanze: Muri iki kizamini, hafatwa igitonyanga cy'amaraso, kigakwirakwizwa ku kirahuri, hanyuma kigasuzumwa hifashishijwe mikorosikopi kugira ngo harebwe niba imiterere n'ingano bya plaquettes ari ibisanzwe, cyangwa niba hari ibindi bintu bidakunze kubaho.

Niba umuganga wawe atekereza ko uri mu kaga ka virusi itera SIDA, Hepatite C, cyangwa H. pylori, ashobora no gupima izo ndwara. Hari igihe hashobora gukorwa isuzuma ry’umusemburo w’amagufwa, ariko ibi si buri wese ubikora.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura indwara ya ITP?

Akenshi,Iyo abana barwaye indwara ya ITP, iyo ibimenyetso bidakomeye, bakira nta buvuzi. Ariko, abantu bakuru bakunze gukenera kuvurwa, cyane cyane iyo umubare wabo wa platelet uri hasi cyane cyangwa niba hari ibyago byo kuva amaraso.

Niba ukeneye kuvurwa, muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira imiti yo kongera umubare wa platelets zawe cyangwa kubuza ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe kwibasira platelets zawe. Ubwoko bw'imiti ikoreshwa ni iyi:

• Corticosteroids: (urugero: Prednisolone). Izi zikora mu guhagarika by'agateganyo ikorwa ry'uturemangingo twangiza uduce duto tw'amaraso. Izi ni imiti ya mbere.
• Immunoglobulin (IVIg): Uyu ni umuti utangwa mu mitsi. Uhindura kandi imikorere y'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri kandi ukagabanya kwangirika kwa platelets.
• Agontineri za Thrombopoietin receptor (TPO-RAs): Iyi miti ifasha umubiri gukora platelets nyinshi.
• Imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri: (urugero: Rituximab, Mycophenolate). Iyi miti igabanya imikorere y'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri kandi ikabuza kwangirika kwa platelets.

Uretse iyi miti, muganga ashobora no gutanga inama ku zindi ngamba:

• Kuvura ubwandu bw’inyuma: Mu gihe cy’indwara ya kabiri ya ITP, umubare w’udukoko twa platelet ushobora kugaruka ku buryo busanzwe iyo ubwandu bwayiteye bumaze kuvurwa.
• Guhagarika imiti imwe n'imwe: Niba ufata imiti igabanya amaraso, nka aspirine, yongera ibyago byo kuva amaraso, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba kuyihagarika.
• Guterwa plaquette: Niba amaraso yawe ari menshi cyane kandi umubare wa plaquette yawe ukaba uri hasi cyane, ushobora guhabwa plaquettes zivuye ku mpano y'undi muntu. Ariko, iki ni igisubizo cy'agateganyo.
• Kubaga amenyo: Agahu ni igice cy'umubiri gikuraho uturemangingo tw'amaraso twashaje kandi twangiritse, ndetse n'udupira twanditseho uturemangingo tw'amaraso. Kuri bamwe, iyo ubundi buryo bwo kuvura budashoboye kugenzura indwara, agahu karakurwaho mu buryo bwo kubaga. Ibi bishobora kugenzura cyane imiterere ya ITP. Ariko, gukuraho agahu bishobora kongera ibyago byo kwandura indwara zimwe na zimwe.

Ingaruka mbi zo kuvurwa

Kimwe n'imiti cyangwa uburyo ubwo aribwo bwose bwo kuvura, imiti ya ITP ishobora gutera ingaruka zimwe na zimwe. Urugero, imiti ya corticosteroids ishobora gutera kwiyongera ibiro, kubyimba mu maso, kudasinzira neza, no guhinduka k'umutima. Muganga wawe azagusobanurira ibyo ari byo n'uko bisa kuri wewe. Muri ubu buryo, ushobora kubimenya mbere y'igihe no kubiganiraho niba ufite ikibazo.

Ni iki kizere cy’uko ITP izagenda?

Uko indwara igaragara/ivugwa mu gihe umuntu arwaye biratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bwa ITP.

• Ku banaIyo indwara ya ITP ibaye ikomeye, abantu benshi bazakira burundu batavuwe mu byumweru cyangwa amezi make.
• Iyo abantu bakuru bafite indwara ya ITP idakira, ishobora kuba indwara y’ubuzima bwabo bwose. Ariko, nta mpamvu yo guhangayika. Abantu benshi bashobora kwihanganira ibimenyetso byabo neza bakoresheje imiti n’ubundi buryo bwo kuvura no kubaho ubuzima busanzwe. Nubwo abaganga badashobora gukiza burundu ITP, abantu benshi bafite ITP idakira babana neza n’iyi ndwara mu gihe cy’imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo.

Nitwara nte?

Niba ufite ITP, ushobora gukenera gufata imiti ubuzima bwawe bwose kugira ngo umubiri wawe ukore platelets zihagije. Uzakenera kandi kwirinda ibikorwa n'ingeso bigushyira mu kaga ko gukomereka no kuva amaraso. Tekereza nawe, no kugwa gato bishobora kuba ikibazo gikomeye, si byo? Menya ibi bintu:

• Irinde imikino isaba gukubita, kugwa, no gukora ku mubiri cyane , nka football, rugby, boxe, karate, basketball, na hockey yo ku rubura uko bishoboka kose.
• Niba umwana wawe afite ITP, menya neza ko yambaye ibikoresho byo kumurinda nk'ingofero, amavi, n'amakofero mu gihe akora ibikorwa ibyo ari byo byose, nko kugendera ku igare, gusiganwa ku maguru, cyangwa gusiganwa ku maguru.
• Mu gihe ugenda mu modoka cyangwa mu modoka nto, buri gihe mwambare umukandara w’intebe , kandi ntukibagirwe kumufunga neza cyangwa kumushyira mu ntebe y’imodoka.
• Niba ufata imiti iyo ari yo yose cyangwa inyunganiramirire y’ibimera, vugana na muganga wawe kandi ubahe uburenganzira . Imiti imwe n’imwe igabanya ububabare, nka aspirine na ibuprofen, ndetse n’imiti imwe n’imwe ikomoka ku bimera, ishobora kongera ibyago byo kuva amaraso.

Ni ryari ngomba kubonana na muganga?

Niba usanzwe urwaye indwara ya ITP kandi ukaba uri kuvurwa, muganga wawe azagusuzuma buri gihe. Ariko, hagati aho:

• Niba ubonye ibikomere bishya ,
• Niba ufite utudomo duto dutukura (`petechiae`) ku ruhu rwawe,
• Niba wumva urimo kuva amaraso byoroshye kurusha uko bisanzwe,

Ibi bivuze ko indwara yawe ishobora kuba irimo kwiyongera, cyangwa umubare wa platelet yawe ukaba uri hasi. Muri icyo gihe, reba muganga wawe vuba bishoboka. Ashobora kongera gusuzuma urugero rwa platelet yawe no guhindura uburyo uvurwa nibiba ngombwa.

Ni ryari nkwiye kujya mu ishami rishinzwe ubutabazi bwihutirwa (ETU) ?

Ibi ni gake cyane, ariko rimwe na rimwe ITP ishobora gutuma umubare wa platelet yawe ugabanuka cyane maze ugatangira kuva amaraso mu buryo butunguranye. Urugero, niba ufite amaraso mu mazuru adahagarara, kuva amaraso mu kanwa, kuva amaraso menshi mu mihango, cyangwa igisebe kitahagarika kuva amaraso nubwo waba ugikandagiye, ni ikibazo cyihutirwa cy’ubuvuzi.Muri icyo gihe, ugomba guhita ujya mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze cy’ibitaro biri hafi yawe. Nanone, niba ukubita umutwe, cyangwa niba ufite ibimenyetso byo kuva amaraso mu bwonko, nko kubabara umutwe cyane, kuruka, cyangwa impinduka mu maso, jya mu bitaro vuba.

Ni ibihe bibazo ngomba kubaza muganga wanjye?

Iyo umenye ko ufite ITP, ushobora kugira ibibazo byinshi. Ntutinye cyangwa ngo ugire isoni zo kubaza muganga wawe byose. Dore bimwe mu bibazo ushobora kubaza:

• Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa ITP mfite? (Indwara ikabije, ihoraho, ibanza, iy'inyongera?)
• Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura wansaba? Kuki?
• Bizatwara igihe kingana iki kugira ngo ubwo buryo bwo kuvura butange umuti/umusaruro?
• Ese ngomba gufata uyu muti buri munsi?
• Niba ubuvuzi bwa mbere budafashe neza, ni iki gikurikiraho?
• Ingaruka mbi z'ubu buryo bwo kuvura ni izihe? Nkwiye gukora iki mu gihe bubayeho?
• Ni izihe mpinduka nkwiye gukora ku mirire yanjye n'imibereho yanjye?
• Ni iyihe myitozo ngororamubiri nziza kuri njye? Ni iyihe myitozo ngororamubiri idakwiye kuri njye?

Bigenda bite iyo ntwite mfite ITP?

Niba utwite cyangwa uteganya gusama, kumenya ko ufite ITP bishobora gutera ubwoba cyane. Ariko ushobora guhumurizwa no kumenya ibi: ITP akenshi ntigira ingaruka ku mwana uri mu nda.

Umubare w'imiyoboro y'amaraso mu mwana ushobora kuba uri hasi gato iyo avutse, ariko ibi akenshi biba ari iby'igihe gito kandi biziyongera mu minsi mike. Abaganga bazasuzuma urugero rw'imiyoboro y'amaraso mu mwana.

Niba ufite ITP yoroheje mu gihe utwite, kandi ibimenyetso byawe bikaba bidakomeye, ushobora kudakenera ubuvuzi ubwo aribwo bwose. Ariko, niba umubare wa platelet yawe ari muto cyane cyangwa ukaba uri mu kaga ko kuva amaraso, ushobora gukenera ubuvuzi. Muri ibyo bihe, umuganga w'ababyaza n'inzobere mu by'amaraso bazafatanya guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura wowe n'umwana wawe . Bazitabwaho by'umwihariko mu gihe cyo kubyara.

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Noneho rero usobanukiwe neza icyo twavuzeho, ITP (Immune Thrombocytopenia). Dore ibintu by'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka:

• ITP ni indwara aho ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwawe bwangiza platelets zawe, bigatuma amaraso agabanuka.
• Ibimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo gukomereka byoroshye, uduheri dutukura ku ruhu, no kuva amaraso kenshi.
• Iyo ibi bibayeho ku bana, akenshi biragenda birushaho kuba byiza uko igihe kigenda gihita. Abantu bakuru bashobora gukenera kuvurwa igihe kirekire.
• Nubwo indwara ya ITP idashobora gukira burundu, iyo ivuwe neza, ibimenyetso bishobora kugenzurwa kandi ubuzima bwiza bugashobora kugerwaho.
• Niba ufite ibi bimenyetso, ntutinye kujya kwa muganga. Azaguha inama n'ubuvuzi ukeneye.
• Irinde imvune, kurikiza inama za muganga, kandi ufate imiti yawe uko wabitegetswe.

ITP ishobora kuba indwara iteye ubwoba, cyane cyane iyo urimo kuva amaraso gusa. Ariko ntabwo uri wenyine. Hari abaganga bashobora kugufasha no kukwitaho. Rero, hangana n'iki kibazo ubigiranye ubutwari. Niba ufite impungenge, menya neza ko wavuganye na muganga wawe.

ITP , Thrombocytopenia y'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, plaquettes, kuvura amaraso, kuva amaraso, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, gukomereka, petechiae, purpura