Ese umwana wawe arimo kwitwara nabi? Ese byaba ari indwara zo kugenzura ibyiyumvo? Reka tuganire! | Nirogi Lanka

Ese wumva umwana wawe akunze gukora ibintu ahubutse cyangwa asa n'aho atitaye ku byiyumvo by'abandi? Ese rimwe na rimwe ararakara cyane kubera utuntu duto duto, cyangwa agasanga ari mu bibazo bikomeye kuko adashobora guhagarika ingeso zimwe na zimwe mbi? Nk'umubyeyi, ni ibisanzwe rwose ko wumva ubabaye cyangwa ukagira ubwoba iyo ubonye izo myitwarire. Uyu munsi, muri Nirogi Lanka , turi hano kugira ngo tuvuge kuri izi ngeso, mu buryo bw'ubuvuzi zizwi nka Impulse Control Disorders .

Indwara zo Kugenzura Impulse ni izihe?

Mu magambo make, indwara zo kugenzura impulse bivuze itsinda ry’indwara zo mu mutwe n’imyitwarire aho umuntu arwana no kurwanya ibyifuzo cyangwa amarangamutima atunguranye, bigatera ibikorwa bigoye kugenzura. Izi myitwarire zishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku muntu cyangwa ku bandi. Hari ubwo izi ngeso zishobora no guteza ibibazo mu mategeko.

Tekereza ku bintu nk'ukunanirwa guhangana n'uburakari butunguranye bigatera induru cyangwa gutera ibintu, cyangwa icyifuzo gikomeye cyo gutwara ikintu cy'undi muntu. Izi ni ingero zisanzwe.

Zimwe mu myitwarire itera ibibazo zirimo:

• Uburakari bukabije butunguranye n'ibikorwa bijyana nabwo.
• Guhora mu mpaka no kurwana n'abandi.
• Kwangiza imitungo cyangwa iby'abandi bantu.
• Kutumvira ababyeyi cyangwa abayobozi no kwirengagiza amabwiriza.
• Kwiba (kleptomania).
• Gusubiramo amategeko yashyizweho.

Ibimenyetso by'iyi ndwara yo kurwanya impagarara (ICD) akenshi bitangira mu bwana , kandi iyo bitavuwe, bishobora gukomeza kugeza mu bwana.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bw'indwara zo kugenzura impagarara?

Dukurikije igitabo cy’ubuvuzi n’ibarurishamibare by’Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika ryita ku ndwara zo mu mutwe (DSM-5), hari ubwoko bwinshi bw’ibanze bw’indwara zo mu mutwe. Reka tubisuzume hamwe.

1. Indwara yo Kurwanya Ubugambanyi (ODD)

Muri iki kibazo, umwana agaragaza ingeso yo kudaha agaciro abayobozi (nk'ababyeyi cyangwa abarimu), gutongana kenshi, n'imyitwarire igamije kubangamira abandi nkana. Nubwo bishobora gushotora abandi nkana, ni ngombwa kumva ko ibi atari "kuba indakemwa" gusa, ahubwo ari ikibazo gikomeye cyo mu mutwe.

2. Imyitwarire idahwitse

Iyi ni indwara ikomeye kurusha ODD. Aha, umwana cyangwa ingimbi ahora agaragaza ubugome ku bandi, ubugome ku nyamaswa, uburiganya, ubujura, guhunga urugo, cyangwa kwica amategeko y'ishuri bikomeye. Bagaragaza ko batitaye cyane ku mahame mbonezamubano n'uburenganzira bw'abandi.

3. Indwara yo guturika mu buryo bw'igihe gito

Iyi ndwara iterwa no gushyuha gutunguranye, gusubirwamo n'uburakari budasanzwe, butari bujyanye n'imimerere cyangwa budafite umujinya na gato. Ibi bishobora kugaragara nko gusakuza, gutukana, gutera ibintu, cyangwa gukomeretsa umubiri. Akenshi, habaho kwicuza cyane nyuma y'aho, ariko muri icyo gihe, umuntu yumva adashoboye na gato kugenzura imyitwarire ye.

4. Kleptomanie

Iyi ni indwara yihariye aho umuntu agira icyifuzo gikomeye cyo kwiba ibintu bidakenewe cyangwa bifite agaciro. Aba azi neza ko kwiba ari bibi kandi ko bishobora gutuma afatwa, ariko icyifuzo cyo gukora ibyo ashaka kiba gikomeye cyane. Mbere y'igikorwa, bagira umuvuduko ukomeye; nyuma y'igikorwa, bashobora kumva baruhutse by'agateganyo.

5. Pyromania

Iyi ni indwara idasanzwe ariko ikomeye irangwa no gushaka gutwika inkongi ku bushake kandi ku buryo budasubirwaho.Nubwo basobanukiwe akaga karimo, ntibashobora kurwanya ibyo bashaka. Kimwe na kleptomania, ibi bibanzirizwa no kwiyongera k'umuvuduko cyangwa guhangayika mu byiyumvo, bigakurikirwa no kumva wishimye nyuma y'uko umuriro utangiye. Ibi bikorwa biterwa n'ibyo bashaka, ntabwo biterwa n'impamvu zo hanze nko kwihorera cyangwa inyungu z'amafaranga.

Ese izi ndwara zo kugenzura impulse zikunze kugaragara gute?

Igipimo cy’ubwiyongere bw’indwara kiratandukanye kuri buri ndwara. Dukurikije amakuru aturuka muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika:

• Indwara yo Kudakunda Kurwanya (ODD): Hafi 3.3% by'abana n'ingimbi.
• Imyitwarire mibi: Hafi 4% by'abana n'ingimbi.
• Indwara yo guturika ifata igihe: Hafi 2.7% by'abaturage muri rusange.
• Kleptomania: Hafi 0.6% by'abaturage muri rusange.

Pyromania ni yo ikunze kugaragara cyane muri izi. Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwagaragaje ko abantu bagera kuri 3% gusa bafungiwe gutwika amazu ari bo bujuje ibisabwa byose bya Pyromania. Ibi bibazo biri no muri Sri Lanka, nubwo imibare nyayo y’aho muri iki gihe bigoye kubipima.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'indwara zo kugenzura impulse?

Nubwo buri ndwara igira ibimenyetso byihariye, ikintu nyamukuru gihuriweho ni ubushobozi buke bwo kugenzura imyitwarire. Ibi bikunze gutera amakimbirane hagati y’abantu cyangwa ingaruka z’amategeko.

Abantu bafite ICD bakunze kumenya ko imyitwarire yabo idakwiye, nyamara bumva badashobora kuyihagarika. Mbere y'igikorwa, bakunze gusobanura ibyiyumvo by'igitutu cyangwa umuvuduko wo mu mutima, bigakurikirwa n'ibyiyumvo by'igihe gito byo kuruhuka cyangwa kurekurwa nyuma y'uko igikorwa cyo guhubuka kirangiye.

Mu yandi magambo, abantu barwaye ICD bakunda "gushyira hanze" uburakari bwabo bw'imbere, agahinda, cyangwa kubura ibyishimo. Ibi bitandukanye n'imihangayiko cyangwa indwara z'amarangamutima, aho imihangayiko y'imbere ikunze kuba "iy'imbere" ikayigumana muri bo.

Ariko, ni ngombwa kwibuka: Ni ibisanzwe ko abana benshi, cyane cyane mu bwana no mu bwangavu, rimwe na rimwe bagerageza kutubahiriza amategeko cyangwa bakagerageza imipaka mu gihe bagenda mu buzima bwabo. Ibinyuranye n'ibyo, abafite ubumuga bwo kwitwara nabi bagaragaza imyitwarire idakira, ikomeye kandi ihoraho. Iyi myitwarire ibangamira cyane imikorere yabo ya buri munsi, imyigire yabo, n'imibanire yabo n'umuryango n'inshuti.

Ni iki gitera indwara zo kugenzura impagarara?

Abashakashatsi baracyakora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo basobanukirwe neza impamvu zitera izi ndwara muri Nirogi Lanka no ku isi yose. Ubu, ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko ari ingaruka z'imikoranire ikomeye y'ibintu byinshi.

• Ibintu Bitera Indwara z'Umubiri : Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko abana bafite Indwara yo Kudahuza (ODD) bafite amahirwe menshi yo kugira ababyeyi bafite ibibazo by'amarangamutima. Byongeye kandi, ababyeyi b'abana bafite Indwara yo Kwitwara bashobora guhura n'ibibazo nka Schizophrenia, Indwara yo Kudakora ku Mutwe/Kudakora ku Mutwe (ADHD), Indwara yo Gukoresha Ibiyobyabwenge (SUD), cyangwa Indwara zo Kudahuza n'Abantu (ASPD). Ibi bigaragaza isano ikomeye hagati y'uturemangingo.
• Ibintu Bishingiye ku Bidukikije: Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ibidukikije bigira uruhare runini. Abana baba mu miryango ikennye, abakuriye mu miryango irangwa n'urugomo, abana batitaweho cyangwa ngo bitabweho n'ababyeyi mu myaka yabo yo gukura, abahuye cyangwa babonye ihohoterwa rishingiye ku mubiri cyangwa mu mutwe, cyangwa abahuye n'ingaruka mbi z'urungano ni bo bashobora kwibasirwa cyane n'ibi bibazo.
• Ibintu Bishingiye ku Binyabuzima : Ubushakashatsi bumwe na bumwe bugaragaza ko abantu bafite indwara zo mu bwonko zishobora kugaragaza imikorere idasanzwe cyangwa imisemburo idahuye neza, nka cortisol.

Indwara zo Kurwanya Impulse Control zisuzumwa zite?

Izi ndwara zisuzumwa n'inzobere mu by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, nk'abaganga b'indwara zo mu mutwe cyangwa inzobere mu by'imitekerereze. Bakoresha ibipimo by'ubuvuzi biboneka muri DSM-5. Muri rusange, ibimenyetso bigomba kumara nibura amezi 6 kugeza kuri 12, kandi bigomba gutera akababaro cyangwa ubumuga bukomeye mu buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi.

Niba ukeka ko wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mushobora kuba mugaragaza ibimenyetso by'indwara yo kugabanya impulse control, ni ngombwa kugisha inama abaganga b'indwara zo mu mutwe cyangwa imitekerereze y'abantu. Bakoresha ibiganiro byihariye byo kwa muganga n'uburyo bwo gusuzuma kugira ngo bamenye neza izi ndwara zo mu mutwe n'imyitwarire.

Abahanga bakunze gukusanya amakuru aturutse ku bantu ba hafi yawe—nk'ababyeyi, abavandimwe, inshuti, cyangwa abarimu—kugira ngo bubake ishusho yuzuye y'imyitwarire yawe.

Indwara zo Kurwanya Impulse Control zivurwa zite?

Kugeza ubu, nta miti yihariye yemejwe na FDA yo kuvura indwara zo gukumira impulse. Kubwibyo, intego nyamukuru y'ubuvuzi ni uruvange rw'uburyo bwo kuvura n'ingamba zo gucunga imyitwarire ku babyeyi.

Ingamba z'ingirakamaro ku babyeyi zo guhangana n'imyitwarire ibangamira abana zirimo:

• Kugabanya imyitwarire mibi ikomeza kwiyongera (urugero, kwemera iyo umwana arakaye).
• Gushishikariza abantu kugira imyitwarire idashingiye ku mibanire yabo n'abandi nko kwishyira mu mwanya w'abandi no kwita ku bandi.
• Gukoresha uburyo bwo guhana budakoresha urugomo.
• Kugenzura ko indero ihoraho kandi iteganijwe, aho kuba iyo gusubiza ibintu mu buryo cyangwa iyo kutumvikana.

Uburyo bwihariye bwo kuvura burimo:

• Amahugurwa ku micungire y'ababyeyi (PMT) : Ibi bitoza ababyeyi cyangwa abarezi uburyo bwo kunoza imyitwarire y'umwana. Intego ni ugushyiraho indero ihoraho mu gihe hashimangirwa imyitwarire myiza.
• Ubuvuzi bw’Imiterere Myinshi (MST) : Ubu buryo bukoresha imbaraga z’umuryango mu gukemura ibibazo neza. Umuvuzi wemewe akorana n’ababyeyi kugira ngo ashimangire imyitwarire myiza, agabanye ibikorwa bibi, kandi anoze ubushobozi bw’umuryango mu gukemura ibibazo no kubibazwa.
• Ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire mu bwenge (CBT) : CBT ni uburyo bwo kuvura indwara z'ubwonko bufite gahunda, bushingiye ku ntego. Bukoreshwa ku bana, akenshi buhuzwa na PMT. Umuvuzi afasha umwana gusesengura ibitekerezo bye n'ibyiyumvo bye kugira ngo yumve uburyo bigira ingaruka ku bikorwa bye. Binyuze muri CBT, abana bashobora gusimbuza imiterere mibi y'imitekerereze n'imyitwarire n'ubundi buryo bwiza.

Ni iki giteganya ku ndwara zo kugenzura impagarara?

Uko indwara yo kugabanya impulse ihagaze biterwa n’indwara runaka n’ubukana bwayo. Izi ndwara akenshi ziba zidakira zishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bw’umuntu ku giti cye ndetse n’ubw’abakunzi be.

Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko abantu barwaye ICD bashobora kuba bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara:

• Gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge nabi.
• Kwiheba.
• Ibibazo by'akazi.
• Ingorane zo kubungabunga umubano.

Ariko, uburyo bwo kuvura bukoresha uburyo bwinshi bushobora kugira akamaro kanini mu guhangana n’iyi myitwarire igoye.

Ese indwara zo kugenzura impulse zishobora kwirindwa?

Nubwo izi ndwara zishobora kudashoboka kuzirinda burundu, kuzimenya no kuzivura hakiri kare bishobora kugabanya cyane umutwaro ku mwana wawe n'umuryango wawe. Byongeye kandi, ubufasha hakiri kare bufasha gukumira ingorane zijyanye nazo nko gutsindwa mu ishuri cyangwa ibibazo by'amategeko.

Gucunga umwana cyangwa umuntu mukuru ugaragaza imyitwarire y’ubugizi bwa nabi cyangwa iy’imvururu biragoye. Nubwo rimwe na rimwe kwigomeka ari kimwe mu bigize iterambere, imyitwarire ikunze kubangamira abandi ishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy’indwara yo kugenzura imyitwarire.

Gutangira kuvurwa hakiri kare bishoboka ni ingenzi cyane. Intambwe ya mbere ni ukuganira na muganga w'umuryango wawe, inzobere mu ndwara zo mu mutwe, cyangwa inzobere mu by'imitekerereze kugira ngo muganire ku bibazo byawe. Ntutinye kubaza ibibazo; twebwe muri Nirogi Lanka turi hano kugufasha.

Incamake n'Ibintu by'ingenzi byafashwe

Ibyo twaganiriyeho ku bijyanye n’indwara zo mu mutwe zifata impagarara (ICDs) bivuga mu magambo make, ku myitwarire irangwa no kunanirwa kurwanya irari. Ibi si ingero z’umwana gusa 'witwaye nabi'; ni indwara zikomeye zisaba ubufasha bw’inzobere mu buvuzi.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyasuzumwa ni iki: niba ufite impungenge zikomeye ku myitwarire y'umwana wawe, ntuzirengagize—shakisha ubufasha bw'inzobere ako kanya. Gusuzuma indwara hakiri kare no kuyivura birushaho kugira ingaruka nziza mu gihe kirekire.

Ibuka:

• Nubwo hari ibibazo bimwe na bimwe byo kutava ku izima cyangwa rimwe na rimwe by’imyitwarire bikunze kugaragara mu bwana, ICD zigaragaza imyitwarire ikunze kubaho kenshi, ikomeye kandi ihoraho.
• Izi ndwara zishobora guterwa n’uruvange rw’ibintu bigize imiterere y’umubiri, ibidukikije, n’ibinyabuzima.
• Ubuvuzi bushingiye ku bimenyetso hamwe na gahunda zihariye zo guhugura ababyeyi ni uburyo bwiza cyane bwo kuvura.
• Ntabwo uri wenyine. Ababyeyi benshi bahangana n'ibi bibazo, kandi hari abahanga bitanze muri Nirogi Lanka n'ahandi biteguye kugufasha.

Niba ukeka ko umwana wawe afite ibibazo nk'ibi, nyamuneka gisha inama umuganga. Gutabara hakiri kare bizana amahoro yo mu mutima ku mwana wawe no ku muryango wawe wose. Niba ugize ikibazo cyihutirwa, nyamuneka hamagara 911 cyangwa serivisi zihutirwa zo mu gace utuyemo.

Tags: Kugenzura impulse, Ibibazo by'imyitwarire, Ubuzima bwo mu mutwe bw'umwana, ODD, Imyitwarire mibi, Inama ku babyeyi, Ubuvuzi bw'imitekerereze