Ese wumva umwana wawe ahora yitwara nabi, atita ku bandi? Ese rimwe na rimwe ararakara kubera utuntu duto? Cyangwa se ahura n'ibibazo bikomeye kuko adashobora guhagarika ingeso mbi zimwe na zimwe? Nk'umubyeyi, ni ibisanzwe ko wumva ubabaye cyane, ndetse wenda unatinya, iyo ubonye ibintu nk'ibi. Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga kuri ubwo bwoko bw'imyitwarire, mu buryo bw'ubuvuzi yitwa "Impulse Control Disorders" cyangwa indwara zo kugenzura impulse.

Izi ndwara zo kugenzura impulse control ni izihe?

Mu magambo make, "Impulse Control Disorders" ni itsinda ry'indwara zo mu mutwe no mu myitwarire zituma bigorana kugenzura ibyifuzo by'umuntu, cyangwa amarangamutima ye, n'ibikorwa bikurikirana na byo. Imyitwarire nk'iyo ikunze guteza ingaruka mbi kuri we cyangwa ku bandi. Hari igihe izi myitwarire zishobora no guteza ibibazo mu mategeko.

Tekereza uburakari butunguranye bugutera gusakuza, gutera ibintu, cyangwa kugira icyifuzo kidasubirwaho cyo gutwara ikintu cy'undi muntu. Izi ni ingero nke gusa.

Zimwe muri izi myitwarire iteye ikibazo zirimo:

• Uburakari butunguranye, bw'urugomo n'ibikorwa bibujyana.
• Guhora mu mpaka no mu ntambara n'abandi.
• Kwangiza ibintu by'abandi n'umutungo rusange.
• Kutumvira abakuru n'abayobozi, bakirengagiza inama zabo.
• Kwiba.
• Kurenga ku mategeko.

Ibimenyetso by'izi "mpulse control disorders" akenshi bitangira mu bwana , kandi rimwe na rimwe, iyo bitavuwe, izi ndwara zishobora gukomeza kugeza umuntu akuze.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bw'indwara zo kugenzura impulse?

Dukurikije amabwiriza y’ishyirahamwe ry’abaganga b’indwara zo mu mutwe ry’Abanyamerika (American Psychiatric Association) yo gushyira mu byiciro indwara zo mu mutwe, DSM-5, ubwoko bwinshi bw’ingenzi bwa "Impulse Control Disorders" bwaragaragaye. Reka turebe ibyo ari byo.

1. Indwara yo Kurwanya Ubugambanyi (ODD)

Icyo bibaho muri ibi ni uko umwana akomeza kutumvira abayobozi (nk'ababyeyi, abarimu), ahora abatongana, kandi akitwara mu buryo bubababaza. Bashobora gushotora abandi nkana. Ariko ibi si ukubikora ku bushake gusa, ahubwo ni ikibazo gikomeye kurushaho.

2. Imyitwarire idahwitse

Iyi ndwara irakomeye gato kuruta "IDD". Aha, umwana cyangwa umwana akomeje kwitwara nabi ku bandi, guhohotera inyamaswa, kubeshya, kwiba, gusohoka mu nzu no kwica amategeko y'ishuri bikomeye . Ntibazirikana amahame mbwirizamuco cyangwa uburenganzira bw'abandi.

3. Indwara yo guturika mu buryo bw'igihe gito

Ni iki kibaho muri ibi,Uburakari butunguranye, haba nta mpamvu cyangwa impamvu nto, bukabije cyane ku buryo bidashoboka kubugenzura. Butunguranye, barataka, baratuka, bajugunya ibintu hasi, kandi bagatera abandi. Nyuma y'ubu burwayi, bashobora kwicuza cyane. Ariko icyo gihe, nta bubasha baba bafite.

4. Kleptomanie

Ibi ni ibintu bitandukanye gato. Ikibaho hano ni uko ugira icyifuzo gikomeye cyo kwiba ibintu bidafite agaciro kandi utanabikeneye. Uzi ko kwiba ari bibi kandi ko uzafatwa. Ariko ntushobora kugenzura icyo cyifuzo ngo wibe. Uba wumva uruhutse cyane nyuma yo kwiba, ariko mbere y'ibyo wumva ufite igitutu n'imihangayiko myinshi.

5. Pyromania

Iyi ni indwara idakunze kubaho cyane. Ikibaho muri ibi ni uko habaho icyifuzo gikomeye kandi kidasubirwaho cyo gutwika nkana. Nubwo bazi ko gutwika bizatera ingaruka mbi, ntibashobora kugenzura icyo cyifuzo no kugitwika. Bagira umuvuduko mwinshi n'amaganya mbere yo gutwika umuriro, ndetse n'ibyishimo byinshi n'ihumure nyuma yo gutwika umuriro. Ntibatwika kubera indi mpamvu iyo ari yo yose (nk'ubwihorere, amafaranga), ahubwo ni ukubera icyo cyifuzo.

Ni gute izi "Impulse Control Disorders" zikunze kugaragara?

Ubusanzwe buri kimwe muri ibi "Impulse Control Disorders" mu muryango nyarwanda buratandukanye. Urugero, dukurikije imibare yo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika:

• Indwara yo Kudakunda Kurwanya (ODD): Abana n'abakiri bato bagera kuri 3.3%.
• Imyitwarire mibi: Hafi 4% by'abana n'urubyiruko.
• Indwara yo guturika ihoraho: Hafi 2.7% by'abaturage muri rusange.
• Kleptomania: Hafi 0.6% by'abaturage muri rusange.

Pyromania ni yo ikunze kugaragara cyane muri izi. Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwagaragaje ko 3% gusa by'abantu bari muri gereza bazira gutwika bagaragaje ibimenyetso bya pyromania. Ibintu nk'ibyo nabyo biragaragara muri Sri Lanka, ariko biragoye kubona imibare nyayo.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya `(Impulse Control Disorders)`?

Nubwo buri "Impulse Control Disorder" ifite ibimenyetso byayo byihariye, ikintu gikunze kugaragara kuri byose ni ubushobozi buke bwo kugenzura imyitwarire y'umuntu. Ibi bikunze guteza ibibazo ku bandi cyangwa bigatera ibibazo by'amategeko.

Akenshi, abantu bafite "Impulse Control Disorder" baba bazi ko imyitwarire yabo ari mibi kandi idakwiye. Ariko ntibashobora kuyihagarika. Mbere y'uko aba bantu bitwara nabi, bumva bafite igitutu kinini n'imihangayiko. Nyuma yo gukora iyo myitwarire idakwiye, bumva baruhutse cyane kandi bafite umudendezo.

Mu yandi magambo, abantu bafite izi "ICD" basohora uburakari bwabo, agahinda, n'uburakari bwabo binyuze mu bandi. Ni ukuvuga ko "bashyira hanze" imyitwarire yabo.Ibi bikunze gutera amakimbirane n'abandi. Ibi bitandukanye n'indwara nk'indwara zo guhangayika cyangwa indwara zo mu mutwe, aho umuntu yishyira mu mutima we agahinda n'imihangayiko.

Ariko dore ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwibuka. Abana benshi, cyane cyane mu myaka yabo ya mbere n'ubwangavu, bitwara nabi gato, batumvira abantu bakuru. Babikora kugira ngo bamenye imipaka yabo n'imipaka y'abandi. Ibyo ni ibisanzwe. Ariko muri "Impulse Control Disorders", iyi myitwarire ikunze kugaragara, ikomeye, kandi ikomeza igihe kirekire. Kandi iyi myitwarire igira ingaruka zikomeye ku bikorwa bya buri munsi by'umwana, amasomo ye, imibanire ye n'umuryango we, ndetse n'imibanire ye n'inshuti ze.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera `(Impulse Control Disorders)`?

Abashakashatsi baracyagerageza kumenya impamvu nyazo zitera "Impulse Control Disorders." Uko tubizi, birashoboka ko biterwa n'ibintu bitandukanye.

• Genetics : Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko ababyeyi b'abana barwaye ODD bashobora kugira ibibazo byo mu mutwe. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ababyeyi b'abana bafite ikibazo cyo kwitwara neza bashobora kugira indwara nka schizophrenia , attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), drug use disorders (SUD), cyangwa antisocial personality disorders (ASPDs). Ibi bigaragaza ko hashobora kuba hari isano iri hagati y'uturemangingo.
• Ibintu bifitanye isano n’ibidukikije : Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko ibintu bifitanye isano n’ibidukikije bishobora kugira uruhare mu iterambere ry’ibyo bibazo mu bana bakomoka mu miryango ikennye, abana bakurira mu mibanire y’abantu irimo urugomo, abana batitabwaho n’ababyeyi babo mu bwana bwabo, abana bakorewe cyangwa babonye ihohoterwa rishingiye ku mubiri cyangwa mu mutwe, ndetse n’abana bafite inshuti mbi.
• Impamvu za biyoloji : Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwagaragaje ko abantu barwaye ICD bagira impinduka zidasanzwe mu mikorere imwe n'imwe y'ubwonko cyangwa urugero rw'imisemburo (urugero, imisemburo ya cortisol).

Ni gute wamenya `(Impulse Control Disorders)`?

Izi ndwara zisuzumwa n'inzobere mu by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, nk'abaganga b'indwara zo mu mutwe cyangwa inzobere mu by'imitekerereze. Bakoresha ibipimo biri muri DSM-5. Ubusanzwe, ibimenyetso bigomba kumara nibura amezi 6 kugeza kuri 12. Bigomba kandi gutera umubabaro mwinshi cyangwa ihungabana rikomeye mu buzima bwa buri munsi.

Niba ukeka ko wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mushobora kuba mufite ibimenyetso bya "Impulse Control Disorder", ugomba kubonana n'umuganga w'indwara zo mu mutwe cyangwa imitekerereze y'abantu. Bakoresha ibiganiro byabugenewe n'uburyo bwo gusuzuma kugira ngo bamenye neza izo ndwara zo mu mutwe n'imyitwarire.

Akenshi, aba bahanga babona amakuru aturutse ku bantu ba hafi y'umuntu (nk'ababyeyi, abavandimwe, inshuti, abarimu) kugira ngo bamenye neza imyitwarire ye.

Ni gute `(Impulse Control Disorders)` zivurwa?

Kugeza ubu nta miti yemewe by’umwihariko n’Ikigo gishinzwe ibiribwa n’imiti muri Amerika (FDA) yo kuvura izi "Impulse Control Disorders". Kubwibyo, uburyo bw’ingenzi bwo kuvura ni uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura no guhindura uburyo ababyeyi bafata abana babo.

Dore ingamba z'ingirakamaro ababyeyi bashobora gukurikiza kugira ngo bafashe mu kugenzura izi myitwarire iteye ikibazo mu bana:

• Kugabanya ibisubizo byiza ku myitwarire idakwiye (urugero, guha umwana icyo ashaka iyo arira).
• Gushishikariza abandi kugira imyitwarire myiza no kwita ku bandi (imyitwarire igamije gufasha abandi).
• Gukoresha uburyo bwo guhana budakoresha urugomo.
• Gufata ibyemezo bihoraho kandi byemewe mu gihe uhana abana (nta buryo bumwe uyu munsi, ubundi ejo).

Uburyo bumwe na bumwe bwo kuvura bufasha muri ibi ni ubu:

• Amahugurwa ku micungire y'ababyeyi (PMT) : Ibi bikubiyemo gutoza ababyeyi cyangwa abarera abana babo ubuhanga bufasha kunoza imyitwarire yabo no kwiga ubuhanga bushya. Intego y'ubu buvuzi ni ugutanga indero ihoraho mu gihe hatangwa ibitekerezo bikwiye kandi byiza ku myitwarire myiza y'umwana.
• Ubuvuzi bw’Imiterere Myinshi (MST) : Ubu buvuzi bukoresha imbaraga z’umuryango mu gushishikariza abantu guhangana n’ibibazo mu buryo bwiza. Umuvuzi wemewe akorana n’ababyeyi kugira ngo afashe mu gushimangira imyitwarire myiza no kugabanya imyitwarire mibi. Bunafasha umuryango kugira ubushobozi bwo kwita ku bandi no gukemura ibibazo.
• Ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire mu bwenge (CBT) : CBT ni uburyo bw'ubuvuzi bw'imitekerereze bushingiye ku ntego, bukunze gukoreshwa hamwe n'amahugurwa y'ababyeyi. Muri CBT, umuvuzi afasha umwana gusuzuma ibitekerezo bye n'ibyiyumvo bye. Hanyuma umwana asobanukirwa uburyo ibitekerezo bye bigira ingaruka ku bikorwa bye. Binyuze muri CBT, umwana ashobora guhindura imitekerereze mibi, mibi n'imyitwarire ndetse akiga imitekerereze myiza n'imyitwarire.

Ni iki giteganyijwe ku ndwara ya `(Impulse Control Disorders)`?

Uko iyi ndwara izamera (Impulse Control Disorders) ihagaze, ni ukuvuga uko izaba imeze, bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'indwara n'ubukana bwayo. Ariko, muri rusange, iyi ndwara (ICDs) ishobora kuba indwara zidakira . Kandi ishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bw'umuntu urwaye n'abakunzi be.

Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko abantu barwaye ICD bashobora guhura n'ibi bikurikira mu gihe kiri imbere:

• Guhindukira ku ikoreshwa ry'ibiyobyabwenge.
• Kwiheba.
• Ingaruka zo gutakaza akazi.
• Ingorane zo kubungabunga umubano.

Ariko, uburyo bwo kuvura bukoresha uburyo bwimbitse bushobora gufasha cyane mu kugenzura iyi myitwarire iteye ikibazo.

Ese "Impulse Control Disorders" ishobora kwirindwa?

Izi ndwara zishobora kudashoboka kuzirinda burundu. Ariko, iyo usuzumye kandi ukavura indwara hakiri kare , ushobora kugabanya cyane imihangayiko n'ingorane umwana wawe n'umuryango wawe bahura na zo. Si ibyo gusa, ahubwo bishobora no gufasha gukumira ibindi bibazo (nk'ihungabana ry'uburezi n'ibibazo by'amategeko) bishobora guterwa n'izi "ICD".

Abana n'urubyiruko bitwara nabi kandi bakarenga ku mategeko ni imbogamizi ikomeye ku babyeyi. Nubwo ari ibisanzwe ko abana bato n'urubyiruko rimwe na rimwe bitwara mu buryo butunguranye, iyo bitwaye neza kandi mu buryo bubangamira abandi, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'"Impulse Control Disorder".

Ni ingenzi cyane gutangira kuvurwa izi `(Impulse Control Disorders)` vuba bishoboka. Intambwe ya mbere mu gushaka ubuvuzi ni ukubonana na muganga w'umuryango wawe, inzobere mu ndwara zo mu mutwe, cyangwa inzobere mu by'imitekerereze y'abantu mukaganira kuri ibi. Ntutinye kubaza ibibazo biri mu mutwe wawe. Barahari kugira ngo bagufashe.

Incamake n'ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo

"Indwara zo Kugenzura Impumyi" twavuze ni imyitwarire ihubuka idashobora gucungwa. Iyi si imirimo y' "umwana mubi" gusa, ahubwo ishobora kuba indwara ikomeye isaba ubufasha bwa muganga.

Igikuru ni ugushaka ubufasha bw'inzobere mu gihe ufite impungenge zikomeye ku myitwarire y'umwana wawe, aho kubyirengagiza. Uko bimenyekana vuba, niko ubuvuzi burushaho kuba bwiza.

Wibuke:

• Zimwe mu myitwarire igaragara mu bwana ni ibisanzwe, ariko muri ICDs, iyi myitwarire ikunze kugaragara, ikomeye, kandi iramba.
• Izi ndwara zishobora guterwa n’ibintu bigize imiterere y’umubiri, ibidukikije, n’ibinyabuzima.
• Uburyo bwo kuvura na gahunda zo guhugura ababyeyi biratanga umusaruro mwinshi mu kuvura.
• Ntabwo uri wenyine. Hari abandi babyeyi benshi bahura n'ibibazo nk'ibyo, kandi hari n'abahanga bashobora kugufasha.

Niba ukeka ko umwana wawe afite ikibazo nk'iki, nyamuneka shaka inama kwa muganga. Gutabara hakiri kare bishobora kuzana ihumure rikomeye ku mwana no ku muryango wose.

Kugenzura imyumvire , ibibazo by'imyitwarire, ubuzima bwo mu mutwe bw'umwana, ODD, Imyitwarire mibi, inama ku babyeyi, imitekerereze y'abantu