Ese hari igihe wumva bigoye kurangiza akazi iyo utangiye? Cyangwa wumva ubwenge bwawe burimo kuzerera iyo umuntu arimo kuvuga? Ese ukunze kwibagirwa utuntu duto, nko aho ushyira imfunguzo zawe cyangwa telefoni yawe? Ibi si ibintu bitunguranye gusa. Ibi si ubunebwe bwawe cyangwa kutagira inshingano. Uyu munsi turimo kuvuga kuri ADHD idakora neza , indwara ikunze gutera ibibazo nk'ibi, ariko ntivugwaho cyane muri sosiyete.
Mu magambo make, ADHD yo kutita ku bandi ni iki?
ADHD yo kutita ku bintu ni ubwoko bwa ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) twese twumvise. Ariko, muri iki gihe, ibimenyetso byo kutita ku bintu no gukora cyane dukunze guhuza na ADHD akenshi ntibiba bihari, cyangwa ni bike cyane.
Ikibazo nyamukuru ku muntu ufite iyi ndwara ni ugukomeza kwibanda ku bintu no gushyira ibintu kuri gahunda . Tekereza ko uri gukora ikintu cy'ingenzi. Ariko mu buryo butunguranye ubwenge bwawe buhita bukururwa n'ibindi bintu. Igikorwa watangiye amaherezo kiracika. Ibi nibibaho rimwe gusa ku munsi, ahubwo buri gihe, bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi, amasomo, akazi, n'imibanire yawe.
Icy'ingenzi ni uko, iyi si ikosa ryawe. Iyi ni indwara iterwa n'impinduka mu mikorere y'ubwonko. Kubwibyo, hari uburyo bukwiye bwo kuvura no kuvura iyi ndwara.
Ni ibihe bimenyetso bisanzwe by'iyi ndwara?
Buri wese yibagirwa ibintu rimwe na rimwe kandi agatakaza ubushobozi bwo kwibandaho. Ibyo ni ibisanzwe. Ariko ku muntu ufite ADHD idakora neza, ibi bintu bimugiraho ingaruka kenshi kandi zikarushaho kuba mbi. Reka turebe ibimenyetso by'ingenzi.
| Ibiranga | Uku niko bigaragara mu buzima bwa buri munsi. |
|---|---|
| Kutita ku tuntu duto duto | Mu gihe ukora akazi k'ishuri cyangwa wandika raporo mu biro, amakosa mato akunze kubaho. Bisa nkaho ukora nabi. |
| Kugorwa no gukomeza kwita ku bintu igihe kirekire | Iyo usoma igitabo, wumva ikiganiro, cyangwa mu nama, biragoye kugumisha ubwenge bwawe ahantu hamwe. Ubwonko bwawe burazimira mu yindi si. |
| Kugorwa no kumva ibyo umuntu avuga | Nubwo umuntu yaba arimo kukuvugisha imbonankubone, bisa nkaho ubwenge bwawe buri ahandi hantu. Ibyo avuga ntabwo byinjira mu mutwe wawe. |
| Kudashobora kurangiza igikorwa umaze gutangira | Nubwo watangira ikintu ushishikaye, uhita urambirwa kandi ugatakaza intego. Ibintu nk'umukoro wo mu rugo n'imirimo yo mu rugo birahagarara hagati. |
| Intege nke mu micungire y'igihe no mu mitunganyirize | Biragoye kurangiza akazi ku gihe no kubahiriza igihe ntarengwa. Ibintu nk'icyumba n'ameza bishobora kuba akajagari. |
| Kwibagirwa/gutakaza ibintu bya buri munsi | Akenshi nibagirwa aho nshyira ikaramu yanjye, agakapu, imfunguzo na telefoni. Bintwara igihe kirekire kubishakisha. |
| Kwibagirwa imirimo ya buri munsi | Ushobora kwibagirwa n'ibintu byoroheje nko gusubiza telefoni, kwishyura fagitire, cyangwa kujya mu gihe cyo kubonana n'umuntu. |
Kuki iki kibazo kibaho?
Nta mpamvu imwe nyayo ihari, ariko ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko hari ibintu byinshi bishobora kubitera.
- Genetics: Ibi bishobora kubaho mu miryango. Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ufite ADHD, uba uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kurwara iyi ndwara.
- Imiterere n'imikorere y'ubwonko: Ibi bishobora guterwa n'impinduka zimwe na zimwe mu miterere n'imikorere y'ibice bimwe na bimwe by'ubwonko bwacu bigenzura uburyo umuntu yitabwaho n'imyitwarire ye.
- Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku gutwita:Ibintu nko kunywa inzoga cyangwa ibiyobyabwenge umubyeyi atwite, guhura n’ibintu bimwe na bimwe by’uburozi mu bidukikije, kubyara umwana utagejeje igihe cyangwa kubyara umwana ufite ibiro bike nabyo bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara ADHD.
Ingaruka ADHD yo kutita ku buzima ishobora kugira ku buzima
Iyi ndwara ishobora gutuma uhura n'ibibazo byinshi mu buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi. Kubera ko abandi batabyumva, ushobora kwitwa "umunebwe," "utagira inshingano," cyangwa "udafite gahunda."
Tekereza, igihe wari ku ishuri, ushobora kuba warumvise abarimu binubira ko "utakora akazi kawe neza" kandi "utarumva ibyo ubwirwa." Ku kazi, niba udashobora kurangiza akazi kawe ku gihe, abayobozi bawe bashobora kukubaza ibibazo. Ibi bishobora no kugira ingaruka ku mibanire yawe n'inshuti n'umuryango wawe. Kubera ko wibagiwe ibintu, bashobora gutekereza ko utabitayeho.
Ibi byose bishobora gutuma umuntu atigirira icyizere, ahangayika, ndetse akagira n'ihungabana. Rero si byiza kubyirengagiza gusa.
Iyi ndwara ipimwa ite?
Nta kizamini kimwe gihari cyo gusuzuma ADHD idakora neza. Ntigishobora gupimwa hakoreshejwe isuzuma ry'amaraso cyangwa scan. Kipimwa hakoreshejwe kwiga witonze ibimenyetso byawe n'imiterere y'imyitwarire yawe. Kugira ngo ubigereho, ugomba kujya kwa muganga nka muganga w'indwara zo mu mutwe, inzobere mu ndwara zo mu bwonko, cyangwa inzobere mu by'imitekerereze.
Umuganga akurikiza izi ntambwe:
1. Kwemeza ibimenyetso: Muganga wawe azabaza wowe, ababyeyi bawe, abarimu bawe, cyangwa abakunzi bawe ibijyanye n'imyitwarire yawe kuva mu bwana. Bazakusanya amakuru ajyanye n'uko witwara ku ishuri, mu rugo no muri sosiyete. Bashobora kandi kugufasha kuzuza igipimo cy'ibimenyetso.
2. Kutagaragaza izindi ndwara: Muganga azashakisha izindi mpamvu zitera ibi bimenyetso, nko kugira ibibazo byo gusinzira, ubumuga bwo kwiga, gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge nabi, cyangwa stress nyinshi. Ibi bizasaba gufata amateka yuzuye y'ubuzima, gukora isuzuma ry'umubiri, no kohereza abandi bantu kugira ngo bakorerwe ibindi bipimo nibiba ngombwa.
3. Suzuma izindi ngorane zo mu mutwe: Kubera ko ADHD ishobora guherekezwa n'izindi ndwara zo mu mutwe nko kwiheba no guhangayika, muganga na we azashaka izo ndwara.
Ubusanzwe, ibi bimenyetso bigomba kuba byaratangiye mbere y'imyaka 12 , bigomba kuba byarakomeje nibura amezi 6 , kandi bigomba kugira ingaruka ku bice birenze kimwe by'ubuzima bwawe (urugero: ku ishuri no mu rugo).
Ese ibi bishobora kumenyekana umuntu akuze?
Yego, birashoboka rwose.Akenshi, iyi ndwara ishobora kutamenyekana mu bwana. Kubera ko nta kibi kibaho, nta muntu utekereza ko ari ikibazo. Ariko nk'abantu bakuru, ibi bibazo bishobora kuvuka bitewe n'ibibazo ku kazi, muri kaminuza no mu muryango. Wenda nyuma y'uko umwana wawe asanzwe afite ADHD, hari abantu bakuru bibuka ko bagaragaje ibi bimenyetso bakiri abana kandi bakisuzuma.
Uburyo bwo kuvura no gucunga indwara?
ADHD idakira neza ntishobora gukira burundu. Ariko hari uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora gufasha mu kugenzura ibimenyetso no kugira ubuzima bwiza. Ubusanzwe, muganga ashobora gusaba bumwe cyangwa bwinshi muri ubu buryo bwo kuvura hamwe.
1. Imiti
2. Guhindura imyitwarire
3. Gutoza
Ubwoko bw'imiti
Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'imiti ikoreshwa muri ibi. Iyi miti igomba gufatwa gusa iyo muganga aguhaye inama.
| Icyiciro cy'ibiyobyabwenge | Uburyo bikora mu buryo bworoshye | Ingero |
|---|---|---|
| Imiti itera imbaraga mu mutwe | Igenzura imikorere y'imiti igabanya ubukana bw'ubwonko igenzura uburyo bwo kwita ku bintu no kuba maso. | Methylphenidate, Amphetamine |
| Ibidatera imbaraga | Ibi bigira ingaruka no ku mikorobe zo mu bwonko, ariko mu buryo butandukanye. Ibi birakwiriye abantu bakunze kumererwa nabi n'ibintu bitera imbaraga. | Atomoxetine, Guanfacine |
| Imiti igabanya kwiheba | Hari imiti imwe n'imwe igabanya ubukana bw'indwara zo mu mutwe ifasha mu kugenzura ibimenyetso bya ADHD binyuze mu kuringaniza imiti ikoreshwa mu bwonko. | Bupropion, Venlafaxine |
Uburyo bwo kuvura imyitwarire
- Ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire mu bwenge (CBT): Ubu buryo ni bwiza cyane. Bugufasha gusobanukirwa isano iri hagati y'ibitekerezo byawe, amarangamutima yawe, n'imyitwarire yawe. Ushobora kumenya imyitwarire iteye ikibazo, ukayicunga, kandi ukiga uburyo bufatika bwo kwigenzura.
- Ubuvuzi bw'itsinda cyangwa Amatsinda yo Gushyigikira: Kuganira n'abantu banyuze mu bihe nk'ibyawe bishobora kuba isoko ikomeye y'imbaraga. Ushobora kwigira byinshi mu buryo bakemura ibibazo byabo.
Inama z'ingirakamaro zo koroshya ubuzima bwa buri munsi
Mu gihe uvurwa, impinduka nto mu buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi zishobora kugira ingaruka nini.
Gucunga ibirangaza:
- Niba bishoboka, saba ahantu hatuje ho gukorera.
- Koresha ecouteur zigabanya urusaku kugira ngo ugabanye urusaku rwo mu kirere.
- Mu masaha y'akazi, shyira telefoni yawe kuri voicemail hanyuma witabe telefoni ku gihe runaka cy'umunsi.
Gukora mu buryo buteguye:
- Fata iminota 10-15 buri gitondo kugira ngo ukore urutonde rw'ibyo ugomba gukora uwo munsi.
- Kora ikintu kimwe icyarimwe . Urangize hanyuma ukomeze ku kindi.
- Shyiraho inyibutsa n'amakuru amenyesha kuri telefoni yawe.
- Andika ibintu by'ingenzi mu ikaye .
- Niba ukunda kwibagirwa ibintu nko kwishyura fagitire, hindura uko wishyura kuri interineti .
Irinde gutakaza ibintu:
- Kora ahantu runaka ho kubika ibintu nk'imfunguzo zawe, isakoshi yawe, na telefoni. Imenyere guhora ubibika ahantu hamwe.
Niba umwana wawe afite ADHD idakora neza, wamufasha ute?
Nk'umubyeyi, ushobora gufasha umwana wawe cyane.
- Kurikiza gahunda yo kuvura wahawe na muganga wawe neza .
- Vugana n'abarimu b'umwana wawe muganire ku buryo wafasha umwana wawe mu ishuri.
- Shyira ahantu hatuje kandi hatarangwa n'ibiyobyabwenge byo gukora umukoro.
- Niba urambiwe gukora ikintu kimwe kenshi, iha akaruhuko gato .
- Shyira umwana wawe kandi umutere inkunga iyo arangije akazi katoroshye.
- Ntugakange cyangwa ngo unenge umwana wawe mu gihe adashobora gukora akazi neza cyangwa ngo yibagirwe ibintu. Ahubwo mufashe kubona igisubizo.
Hari igihe ushobora gutekereza ko byoroshye gukora imirimo y'umwana wawe (gusukura icyumba, gukora umukoro wo mu rugo) ubwawe. Ariko kubikora bizabuza umwana wawe kwiga gukora ku giti cye no kugera ku ntego ze. Rero reka umwana wawe akore ku muvuduko we, kandi umuhe ubuyobozi n'inkunga gusa.
Niba iyi ndwara igira ingaruka zikomeye ku ishuri ry'umwana wawe, birashoboka ko wohereza umwana wawe mu burezi bwihariye. Baza muganga wawe n'umuyobozi w'ishuri kuri ibi.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Kutagira ubushishozi kuri ADHD si ubunebwe cyangwa kutita ku nshingano. Ni indwara nyayo.
- Iyi ndwara ishobora kwibasira abana n'abantu bakuru , kandi ikunze kwibasira abantu bakuru.
- Kugorwa no gushyira ibintu ku murongo, kwibagirwa no kutagira gahunda ni byo bimenyetso by'ingenzi, kandi gukora ibintu mu buryo bukabije (guhubuka) akenshi ntibikunze kugaragara.
- Iyi ndwara ishobora gukemurwa neza binyuze mu miti, ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire, no guhindura imibereho.
- Niba wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mufite ibi bimenyetso, kubyirengagiza bishobora gutuma ikibazo kirushaho gukomera. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa gushaka inama kwa muganga wujuje ibisabwa vuba .
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