Ese twagombye kwiga gusa ku ndwara zandura duhura nazo?

Oh, rimwe na rimwe twumva turwaye mu buryo butunguranye, si byo se? Dufata ibicurane, tukagira umuriro, umubiri wacu ugatangira kubabara. Ubwo bwoko bw'indwara akenshi buterwa n'udukoko duto twinjira mu mibiri yacu duturutse hanze. Izi ndwara twazita . Iyo tuzimenye, biroroha kuzirinda no gukira vuba iyo tuzirwaye.

Izi ndwara zandura ni izihe? Mu magambo make...

Mu magambo make, indwara zandura ni indwara ziterwa n'udukoko twangiza (udukoko) twinjira mu mibiri yacu duturutse hanze, cyangwa nk'uko tubyita, mikorobe . Hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa mikorobe. Urugero, virusi , bagiteri , ibihumyo , parasites , nibindi. Ni gake cyane, ibintu byitwa prions nabyo bishobora kubitera.

Tekereza, twese twigeze kugira indwara nk'iyi mu buzima bwacu. Iyo umuntu akoroye cyangwa yitsamuye, izo mikorobe zishobora kwinjira mu mibiri yacu iyo tuzihumekeye. Izi mikorobe zishobora gukwirakwizwa n'inyamaswa nk'imibu, kurya ibiryo byanduye, cyangwa ndetse n'ibidukikije bidukikije. Ibicurane bisanzwe, ibicurane, indwara zo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero nka COVID, indwara zo mu nda, indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina (STIs), na eczema ku maguru ni ingero nziza z'izo ndwara zandura.

Igikuru ni ukwibuka ko izi ndwara zandura kandi zishobora gukwirakwira ziva ku muntu umwe zijya ku wundi .

None se indwara zitandura ni iki?

Hariho kandi indwara zitandukanye gato. Zitwa indwara zitandura . Izi ntiziterwa na mikorobe. Zishobora guterwa n'ibintu bigize imiterere y'umubiri, impinduka mu miterere y'umubiri, cyangwa gusaza. Ntushobora kwandura izi ndwara mu bandi bantu, inyamaswa, cyangwa ibiryo. Urugero, ibintu nka kanseri, diyabete, umutima unanirwa guhagarara neza, n'indwara ya Alzheimer biri mu cyiciro cy'indwara zitandura.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa mikorobe butera indwara zandura?

Nkuko twabivuze mbere, indwara zandura ziterwa n'ubwoko butandukanye bwa mikorobe. Reka tubirebe mu buryo burambuye.

• Kwandura virusi: Virusi ni uduce duto tw’amakuru yerekeye imiterere y’umubiri (DNA cyangwa RNA) dufungiye mu gikonoshwa kirinda. Zinjira mu turemangingo twacu zigatera indwara. Ibicurane, ibicurane, iseru, inkoko, dengue, na COVID-19 ni zimwe mu ndwara ziterwa na virusi.
• Indwara za bagiteri: Bagiteri ni utunyabuzima duto cyane, dufite akaremangingo kamwe. Amakuru ya genetiki yabo aboneka mu gace gato ka ADN . Bagiteri zimwe na zimwe ni nziza kuri twe, ariko zimwe zitera indwara. Bagiteri zishobora gutera ibintu nk'imitsi yo mu muhogo, igituntu, n'indwara zo mu nzira y'inkari.
• Indwara za fungal:Ibihumyo biba ku ruhu rwacu no mu bidukikije. Ariko iyo bikuze cyane cyangwa bikajya aho bitagomba, bishobora gutera indwara. Ibihumyo ni byo bitera indwara z'uruhu, inzoka zo mu nda, n'indwara za Candida.
• Indwara za parasite: Parasite ni ibinyabuzima biba mu mubiri w'ikindi kinyabuzima kandi bikabona ibyo kurya n'ibyo kunywa muri icyo kinyabuzima. Malariya, inzoka zo mu bwoko bwa hookworms, inzoka zo mu bwoko bwa pinworms, nibindi biterwa n'udukoko.
• Indwara za Prion: Izi ni indwara zidasanzwe. Zitwa kandi Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs) . Ziterwa n'ubwoko bwa poroteyine ikorwa nabi. Izi poroteyine zifite inenge kandi zivanga izindi poroteyine nziza.

Ni izihe ndwara zandura tubona kenshi?

Mu by’ukuri hari amagana y’indwara zandura. Ariko dore zimwe mu ndwara zikunze kwibasira abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni ku isi:

• Ibicurane bisanzwe
• Covid-19 (COVID-19)
• Ibicurane
• Inyoni zo mu bwoko bwa Hookworms
• Ubwandu bwa HPV (Human Papillomavirus)
• Norovirus (virusi itera indwara yo mu gifu)
• Inyomyo zo mu bwoko bwa Pinworms
• Indwara y'ibicurane (urugero: ikirenge cy'umukinnyi)
• Virusi ya RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) (ubwandu bw'imitsi y'ubuhumekero)
• Indwara zo mu muhogo (Strep throat)
• Igituntu

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bishobora kugaragara ku ndwara zandura?

Ibimenyetso by'indwara yandura biratandukanye bitewe n'indwara . Urugero, indwara y'ibihumyo ikunze kugaragaza ibimenyetso mu gace runaka k'uruhu, nko kuribwa cyangwa gutukura. Ariko, indwara za virusi na bagiteri zishobora gutera ibimenyetso mu bice bitandukanye by'umubiri. Ibimenyetso bisanzwe birimo:

• Ubukonje
• Inkorora
• Kubabara mu nda (impiswi, isesemi, kuruka)
• Kumva unaniwe (Umunaniro)
• Umuriro
• Umutwe
• Ububabare bw'umubiri, kubabara imitsi
• Izuru rivamo amazi cyangwa rizibye

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera indwara zandura?

Nkuko twabivuze mbere, indwara zandura ziterwa na mikorobe . Izi mikorobe zinjira mu mubiri byoroshye binyuze mu bice nko mu kanwa, mu mazuru, no mu bisebe ku ruhu rwacu. Iyo izi mikorobe zinjiye mu mubiri, zikangiza cyangwa zigasenya uturemangingo twacu, kandi ubudahangarwa bwacu bw’umubiri bukabyitabira, tugaragaza ibimenyetso.

Izi ndwara zandura zikwirakwira gute?

Indwara zandura zikwirakwira mu buryo butandukanye. Dore bumwe mu buryo:

• Kuva ku muntu umwe kugeza ku wundi: Iyo umuntu akorora cyangwa yitsamuye, mikorobe zishobora kurekurwa mu kirere zigahumekwa n'umuntu uri hafi aho, ushobora kwandura.
• Binyuze mu gukoranaho hafi: gusomana, imibonano mpuzabitsina (mu kanwa, mu kibuno cyangwa mu gitsina).
• Mu gukoresha amasahani amwe.
• Ku buso: Ibikoresho by'inzugi, telefoni, n'ibisenge byo ku meza bishobora kwanduzwa na mikorobe. Iyo ubikozeho hanyuma ugakora ku munwa, ku mazuru, cyangwa ku maso, ushobora kwandura.
• Mu gukora ku mwanda w'umuntu cyangwa inyamaswa yanduye.
• Ku rumogi rw'udukoko cyangwa izindi nyamaswa: ku nyamaswa nk'imibu, inda, n'udusimba.
• Ku biryo n'ibinyobwa byanduye cyangwa bitetse nabi.
• Gukorana n'ubutaka cyangwa umusenyi urimo mikorobe (urugero: guhinga mu busitani).
• Kuva ku mubyeyi utwite kugeza ku mwana we uri mu nda cyangwa ku mwana uvutse (ibi byitwa transmission vertical ).
• Kuva ku buvuzi nko gutanga amaraso no gutera ingingo (ubu ibi bigenzurwa cyane).

Tekereza, niba uri mu modoka rusange maze umuntu akatsamura, ushobora kwandura izo mikorobe. Cyangwa, niba uguze ibiryo mu iduka ritatekeshejwe neza, bishobora kukugiraho ububabare mu nda. Tugomba kwitonda cyane ku bintu nk'ibi.

Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kurwara izi ndwara?

Umuntu wese ashobora kwandura indwara yandura, ariko hari abantu bafite ibyago byinshi by’uburwayi:

• Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budakomeye: abantu barwaye kanseri, abanduye agakoko gatera SIDA, n'abafata imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri.
• Ababyeyi batwite.
• Abantu barengeje imyaka 60.
• Abantu bakora mu buvuzi.
• Abantu batuye cyangwa bajya mu turere dushyuha kandi dushyuha.

Nanone, iyi ngaruka iri hejuru ku bana bato bari munsi y'imyaka 5. Impamvu ni uko ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwabo butarakura neza.

Ese indwara zandura zishobora gutera ingorane zikomeye?

Indwara nyinshi zandura zishobora gukira byoroshye. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe, zishobora gutera ingorane zikomeye . Izi zirimo:

• Kubura amazi mu mubiri ( kubungabunga amazi)
• Umusonga ( indwara y'ibihaha)
• Sepsis ( uburozi mu maraso)
• Kubyimba ubwonko n'umugongo cyangwa ibipfukisho byabyo (encephalitis cyangwa meningitis)

Hari virusi zimwe na zimwe zishobora gutera kanseri nka kanseri y'umwijima na kanseri y'inkondo y'umura.

Ni gute abaganga basuzuma iyi ndwara?

Ubusanzwe abaganga bareba ibimenyetso byawe, ibizamini byo muri laboratwari, ndetse rimwe na rimwe bagasuzuma kugira ngo bamenye niba ufite indwara yandura. Kugira ngo barebe ibimenyetso, muganga ashobora gukora ibintu nk'ibi:

• Gupima amazi mu mazuru cyangwa mu muhogo.
• Gupima amaraso, inkari, umwanda, cyangwa amacandwe.
• Isuzuma rya biopsy ni ikizamini gikubiyemo gufata icyitegererezo gito cy'uruhu cyangwa izindi ngingo.
• Imirasire ya X-ray y'ibice by'umubiri byangiritse, Ibizamini byo gufata amashusho nka CT scans cyangwa MRI scans (MRIs) .

Indwara zandura zivurwa zite?

Uburyo bwo kuvura buterwa n'impamvu yateye iyo ndwara . Hari igihe muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gukurikirana ibimenyetso byawe aho kukwandikira imiti. Uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora kuba burimo:

• Antibiyotike ku ndwara zandurira mu mikorobe.
• Imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi (ariko myinshi ishobora kugenzurwa mu rugo hakoreshejwe imiti idatanzwe na muganga).
• Imiti irwanya imiyoboro (harimo amavuta yo kwisiga n'amavuta yo kwisiga) yo kwandura indwara z'imiyoboro.
• Imiti irwanya udukoko twanduza udukoko.
• Hari igihe no kubagwa biba ngombwa kugira ngo havurwe indwara z’ibihumyo cyangwa za bagiteri.

Ariko, nta muti uhari ku ndwara za prion.

Ni ryari ngomba kubonana na muganga?

Niba ufite ibimenyetso by'indwara yandura, cyane cyane iyo bitagenze neza nyuma y'icyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri , menya neza ko wagiye kwa muganga. Niba ufite ubwandu budashira, kujya kwa muganga buri gihe no gushaka inama bishobora gufasha gukumira ko indwara yawe irushaho kuba mbi.

Niba uteganya kujya mu mahanga, ganira na muganga wawe kuri ibyo. Ashobora kukubwira uburyo bwo kwirinda indwara zikunze kugaragara mu gihugu urimo gusura. Cyangwa, niba uherutse gutembera kandi ukaba ufite ibimenyetso, kubimenyesha muganga wawe bishobora kumufasha gufata icyemezo cy'ibindi bizamini ugomba gukora.

Ese ntidushobora kwirinda izi ndwara zandura? (Kwirinda)

Nta buryo bumwe bushobora kukurinda 100% indwara zandura. Ariko, hari uburyo bwinshi bworoshye dushobora gukora kugira ngo tugabanye ibyago byo kwandura . Ushobora kubitekereza nk'uburyo bwa foromaje yo mu Busuwisi . Ibi byatanzwe n'umugabo witwa James Reason, PhD. Tekereza ufite uduce twinshi twa foromaje dushyizwe hejuru y'utundi. Uduce tumwe na tumwe dufite imyobo. Ariko iyo ushyize hamwe uduce twinshi, umwobo uri mu gice kimwe utwikiriwe n'ikindi gice. Uko ni ko ushyira hamwe ubwo buryo bwo kwirinda.

Dore zimwe muri izo ngamba z'umutekano:

• Kubona inkingo zisabwa: Baza muganga wawe inkingo zikubereye.
• Irinde umutekano w'ibiribwa: Irinde kurya ibiryo bibisi cyangwa bitarakoreshejwe mu guteka, shyira ibiryo mu bubiko kandi ushyushye ku bushyuhe bukwiye, oza cyangwa uhanagure imbuto n'imboga neza, kandi oza neza ibikoresho byakoreshejwe mu gihe cyo guteka.
• Karaba intoki zawe neza n'isabune n'amazi: Ni ngombwa cyane cyane gukaraba intoki zawe mbere yo gutegura ibiryo, mbere yo kurya, nyuma yo kuva mu bwiherero, nyuma yo gukora ku mwanda w'inyamaswa cyangwa w'abantu, ndetse no nyuma yo guhinga cyangwa gukora ku butaka.
• Gutekereza ku bandi:Upfuke umunwa n'amazuru mu gihe ukorora cyangwa witsamuye. Gabanya uko abandi bahura nawe mu gihe wowe cyangwa undi muntu arwaye. Ambara agapfukamunwa niba ugomba kuba uri kumwe n'abandi. Ntugasangire n'abandi ibintu byawe bwite, ibikoresho byo kuriramo, cyangwa ibindi bintu byawe bwite.
• Gusukura ahantu n'ibintu bikorwaho kenshi: ibintu nka telefoni, amatafari, ibifunga by'inzugi n'ibikinisho.
• Uburyo bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina mu buryo bwizewe: Koresha agakingirizo cyangwa agakingirizo k'amenyo mu gihe urimo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina.
• Irinde udukoko: Koresha imiti yica imibu, witwikire imyenda myinshi ishoboka, kandi urebe niba nta mibu irimo iyo ugiye mu ishyamba cyangwa ahantu hanini h’ibyatsi.

Indwara zandura zigaragara ni izihe?

Ibi bivuga indwara zagaragaye vuba aha, cyangwa zirimo kwibasira abantu benshi kurusha mbere. Ubushakashatsi bwihariye burimo gukorwa kuri izo ndwara.

Ni izihe ndwara zandura zikunze kugaragara mu bana bato?

Impinja n'abana bibasirwa cyane n'indwara zandura. Ibi biterwa nuko ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwabo bukiri gukura . Ntibashobora kandi gukurikiza isuku nk'iy'abantu bakuru. Zimwe mu ndwara zandura zikunze kugaragara mu bana ni izi:

• Ubukonje
• Indwara ya gatanu
• Indwara z'amaboko, ibirenge n'umunwa (HFMD)
• Ibicurane
• Pinworm
• Indwara ya RSV
• Indwara y'ibicurane
• Roseola (umuriro ufite uduheri dutukura ku ruhu)
• Umuhogo urwaye indwara yo mu muhogo
• Inkorora itera inkorora (pertussis)

Tubana na virusi, bagiteri, ibihumyo, n'udukoko buri munsi. Mu by'ukuri, hari bagiteri nyinshi inshuro icumi mu mubiri wawe kurusha uturemangingo tw'abantu - ntitwashoboraga kubaho tudafite izo selile! Ariko, zimwe muri izi nyoni nto mu isi yacu zishobora kutugiraho ingaruka mbi.

Ku bw'amahirwe, hari ibintu byinshi byoroshye ushobora gukora kugira ngo wowe ubwawe n'abandi mugire ubuzima bwiza. Ingeso zoroshye nko gukaraba intoki no gupfuka umunwa igihe ukorora cyangwa witsamuye bishobora gufasha kurinda abakunzi bawe n'abaturanyi indwara zikomeye. Ikintu gito ukora gishobora gufasha kurokora ubuzima bw'umuntu.

Reka twibuke ibintu by'ingenzi cyane (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

• Indwara zandura ni indwara ziterwa na mikorobe (virusi, bagiteri, ibihumyo, udukoko) zishobora gukwirakwira ziva ku muntu zijya ku wundi .
• Indwara zitandukanye, kuva ku bicurane bisanzwe kugeza ku ndwara zikomeye, ziri muri iki cyiciro.
• Isuku nziza (gukaraba intoki, gupfuka umunwa wawe mu gihe urimo gukorora), kubona inkingo zisabwa , no kurya neza bigira uruhare runini mu kwirinda izi ndwara.
• Niba ufite ibimenyetso, cyane cyane iyo bikomeye cyangwa bitameze neza mu minsi mike, ni byiza gushaka inama kwa muganga .
• Ingeso zacu nto zishobora kuturinda cyane ndetse no kurinda abandi muri sosiyete.

None rero, twese tugerageze kugira ubuzima bwiza, dutekereze kuri ibi bintu, si byo?

Indwara zandura, mikorobe, virusi, bagiteri, ibihumyo, udukoko, ibimenyetso, uburyo bwo kwirinda, uburyo bwo kuvura