Allergie ni iki?

Twese twumvise ijambo "allergie", sibyo? Ariko ushobora kwibaza icyo "allergie" ari cyo n'impamvu ibaho.

Muri make, allergie ni igihe ubwirinzi bw'umubiri wacu, ubwirinzi bw'umubiri , bukabije ku kintu ubusanzwe kitatugiraho ingaruka mbi. Tekereza nk'abarinzi mu mibiri yacu. Akazi kabo ni ukuturinda abanzi nk'udukoko dutera indwara. Ariko ikibaho mu gihe cy'allergie ni uko aba barinzi bagira ubwoba gato bagatangira kwibasira ikintu kitari umwanzi mu by'ukuri. Ibi biterwa nuko ubwirinzi bw'umubiri bukabije kandi tukagira ibimenyetso bitandukanye iyo dufite allergie.

Ni iki gitera ubwivumbure? Ibi tubyita ubwivumbure.

Ibintu bitera allergie tubita allergie . Hari ibintu byinshi bitera allergie hafi yacu. Nubwo hari abantu bashobora kutabiterwa n’ibyo, ku muntu ufite allergie, bishobora kuba ikibazo gikomeye.

Noneho reka turebe ibyo bintu bikunze gutera allergie:

• Ibintu byinjira iyo uhumeka:
• Impumuro : Ushobora kuba warabonye ko rimwe na rimwe iyo indabyo zitangiye kurabya, utuntu duto dufite ifu turekurwa mu kirere tuva mu biti. Ibyo byitwa impumuro. Abantu benshi bagira ubwivumbure kuri iyi mpumuro.
• Udukoko two mu mukungugu: Utu ni inyamaswa nto cyane ku buryo tutabona. Tuba mu mukungugu wo mu ngo zacu, mu buriri, mu misego no mu matelas.
• Indwara y'amatungo: Hari abantu bagira ubwivumbure kuri ibi bintu bikomoka ku nyamaswa nk'injangwe n'imbwa .
• Ibihumyo: Ibihumyo biba ku nkuta ahantu hatose nabyo bishobora gutera allergie.
• Ibiryo n'ibinyobwa:
• Hari n'ibiribwa bishobora gutera ubwivumbure. Urugero, amata, amagi , imbuto nk'ubunyobwa, cashews, soya, ingano, amafi, shrimp, na squid ni byo by'ingenzi. Ariko, ubwivumbure bushobora kugaragara ku bindi biribwa bitari ibi.
• Kurumwa n'udukoko:
• Hari abantu barwara ubwivumbure bukomeye buterwa n’ubumara buturuka ku nyamaswa, nk’inzuki n’ibihumyo.
• Ubwoko bw'imiti:
• Imiti imwe n'imwe, nka antibiyotike nka penisiline, ishobora gutera aleriji.
• Ibintu bikozweho:
• Ibinyabutabire bimwe na bimwe, nka latex (iboneka mu bintu nk'uturindantoki), n'ibyuma nka nikeli (iboneka mu mitako imwe n'imwe), nabyo bishobora gutera allergie iyo bigeze ku ruhu.

Ni iki kiba mu mubiri wawe iyo ufite allergie?

Noneho ushobora kuba wibaza uko iki kibazo kibaho iyo hari ikintu kitera allergie kigeze mu mubiri.

Dore uko bigenda: Iyo ikintu kitera allergie (urugero: pollen) cyinjiye mu mubiri w'umuntu ufite allergie, ubudahangarwa bwacu bw'umubiri butekereza ko ari umwanzi ukomeye. Hanyuma bukora ubwoko bwihariye bwa antibody yitwa IgE irwanya uyu 'mwanzi'. Izi antibody za IgE zijya gufata ubwoko bw'uturemangingo mu mubiri wacu twitwa mast cells .

Iyo ubwo burwayi buje mu mubiri, bufatana n'uturemangingo twa IgE turi ku turemangingo twa mast. Hanyuma utwo turemangingo 'turaturika' tugasohora imiti myinshi nka histamine . Iyo histamine ni yo nyirabayazana w'ibimenyetso byinshi by'uburwayi, nko kuribwa, gutukura , izuru riva, n'amaso arimo amazi.

Mu magambo make: allergy -> IgE antibodies -> mast cells -> histamine -> ibimenyetso by'allergy

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'uburwayi bwo kurwara allergie? Reba niba nawe ufite ibi

Ibimenyetso bya allergie bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'umuntu ku giti cye. Binatandukana bitewe n'icyo kintu cya allergie n'uko cyinjiye mu mubiri. Reka turebere hamwe bimwe mu bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara:

• Ibimenyetso by'ubuhumekero:
• Kwitsamura kenshi.
• Izuru riva (ndetse nta n'ibicurane).
• Kuziba izuru.
• Inkorora, igituza gifunganye, guhumeka bigoranye (ibi ni ibimenyetso bya asima)(Bishobora kandi kuba bifitanye isano n'ikibazo).
• Kuryarya mu muhogo, ijwi rihinduka.
• Hari n'abantu babyita kandi indwara y'ibyatsi cyangwa indwara ya rhinitis .

• Ibimenyetso by'uruhu:
• Uruhu ruryana.
• Kuryarya no gutukura k'uruhu ( Urticaria cyangwa Hives ).
• Uruhu rwumye, rukura, kandi rukagira uduheri (ibi bishobora no kurwara indwara nka eczema ).

• Ibimenyetso by'amaso:
• Ubutukura bw'amaso.
• Amaso asharira.
• Amarira aratemba mu maso.
• Kubyimba, kwijima munsi y'amaso.

• Ibimenyetso by'igifu – (cyane cyane mu ndwara ziterwa n'ibiryo):
• Isesemi, kuruka.
• Kubabara mu gifu, kubyimba inda.
• Kubyimba (impiswi).
• Kubyimba, kuribwa mu kanwa, mu minwa, mu rurimi cyangwa mu muhogo.

• Ibindi bintu:
• Amatwi asharira, kumva igitutu imbere mu matwi.
• Umutwe.
• Umunaniro, umunaniro.

Uburyo buteye akaga cyane bwo kugira allergie: Anaphylaxis

Hari igihe ubwivumbure bushobora kuba bukomeye cyane. Ibi tubyita anaphylaxis . Ibi ni ikibazo gihitana ubuzima. Icyo bibaho ni uko umubiri wose uhita ugira icyo ukora icyarimwe.

Ibimenyetso bya anaphylaxis ni ibi bikurikira:

• Kubyimba mu buryo butunguranye mu maso, mu minwa, mu rurimi no mu muhogo.
• Guhumeka nabi, gufunga igituza.
• Kunanirwa/kuzunguza, kumva ugiye guta ubwenge.
• Umutima utera cyane.
• Uruhu rukonje, rubira ibyuya.
• Isesemi, kuruka, kuribwa mu nda.

Anaphylaxis ni ikibazo cyihutirwa cy’ubuvuzi. Iyo ubonye ibi bimenyetso, ugomba guhita ujya kwa muganga. Abaganga bagira inama abantu bafite ubwivumbure bukomeye bwo gushyira inshinge za adrenaline (nk'iza EpiPen) hafi yo kuzikoresha muri bene ibyo bihe.

Ni gute muganga yamenya niba ufite allergie?

Niba ukeka ko ufite allergie, ikintu cyiza cyo gukora ni ukujya kwa muganga. Muganga azakubaza ibibazo bijyanye n'ibimenyetso byawe, urugero nk'igihe bigaragaye, icyo ukora, n'uko birushaho kuba bibi. Bazanakubaza niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ufite allergie, kuko allergie rimwe na rimwe ishobora kugaragara mu miryango.

Hanyuma, hari ibizamini bimwe na bimwe bishobora gukorwa kugira ngo hamenyekane neza icyo allergie ari cyo:

• Ikizamini cyo gukomeretsa uruhu: Ibi bikubiyemo gushyira uruhu rwawe ku rugero ruto cyane rw'ikintu gikekwaho kuba gifite allergie (ubusanzwe ku kuboko cyangwa mu mugongo) hanyuma ukarutera urushinge ruto. Iyo hari aho hantu hahindutse umutuku, hakabyimba, cyangwa hakarya mu minota 15-20, uba ufite allergie kuri iyo allergie. Iki ni ikizamini cyihuse kandi cyoroshye.
• Isuzuma ry'amaraso: Hari igihe, ku bantu badashobora gupimwa uruhu (urugero: abafite indwara zikomeye z'uruhu cyangwa abafata imiti imwe n'imwe), hakorwa isuzuma ry'amaraso. Ibi bizamini kugira ngo harebwe niba amaraso yawe afite ubudahangarwa bwa IgE twavuze mbere ku bintu byihariye bishobora gutera ubwivumbure. Ibi kandi byitwa isuzuma rya RAST (isuzuma rya Radioallergosorbent), cyangwa isuzuma rya Specific IgE .

Mu guhuza ibisubizo by'ibi bizamini n'ibimenyetso byawe, muganga ashobora kukubwira neza niba ufite aleriji, kandi niba ari yo, icyo ari cyo.

Twakora iki mu gihe dufite allergie? Twabigenzura dute?

Ntugatinye niba usanze ufite allergie. Nubwo bigoye gukira burundu allergie, hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kugabanya ububabare buterwa nabyo no kubaho ubuzima bwiza.

1. Kwirinda ibintu bishobora gutera ubwivumbure:

Iki nicyo kintu cy'ingenzi kurusha ibindi. Niba uzi neza icyo urwaye, uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura ni ukucyirinda uko bishoboka kose.

• Niba ufite ubwivumbure ku ivumbi, komeza isuku mu nzu yawe kandi woge ibiryamirwa byawe kenshi mu mazi ashyushye.
• Niba ufite ubwivumbure ku musaruro, ambara agapfukamunwa iyo uri hanze mu gihe umusaruro uri hejuru, kandi wiyuhagire ugeze mu rugo.
• Niba ufite ubwivumbure ku biryo, irinde kurya ikintu cyose kirimo ibyo biryo. Soma witonze icyapa cy'ibikoreshwa mu kugura ibiryo mu iduka.

2. Imiti:

Abaganga batanga imiti itandukanye yo kurwanya ibimenyetso by'ubwivumbure.

• Antihistamines: Iyi ni yo miti ikunze kwandikirwa abantu benshi ku bijyanye n'ubwivumbure. Igabanya uburyaryate, amazi aturuka mu mazuru, no kwitsamura guterwa na histamine. Iza mu buryo bw'ibinini, sirupe, spray zo mu mazuru, n'ibitonyanga by'amaso.
• Corticosteroids:Iyi ni imiti ikomeye igabanya ububyimbirwe. Iza mu buryo bwa spray zo mu mazuru, inyumuro (ku barwayi ba asima), amavuta yo kwisiga, ndetse rimwe na rimwe n'ibinini by'igihe gito. Iyi miti igomba gukoreshwa neza nk'uko muganga wawe yabigutegetse.
• Imiti yo kuvura indwara yo mu mazuru: Imiti igabanya kuziba kw'amazuru. Ariko, ntibyemewe kuyikoresha buri gihe mu gihe kirenze iminsi mike.
• Uburyo bwo guhindura leukotriene: Ubundi bwoko bw'umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura asima n'ibicurane by'ibyatsi.

3. Ubuvuzi bw'umubiri:

Ubu ni uburyo bwo kuvura igihe kirekire. Ibi bikubiyemo gutangirana n'ingano nto cyane y'ibintu bitera allergie uterwa nabyo hanyuma ukongera buhoro buhoro ingano, haba mu kuyitera mu mubiri wawe ( imiti igabanya allergie ) cyangwa mu kuyitanga nk'ibinini munsi y'ururimi rwawe ( sublingual immunotherapy - SLIT ). Uko igihe kigenda gihita, umubiri wawe umenyera ibyo bintu bitera allergie kandi ntugire icyo ukora cyane. Ibi ntibikora kuri buri wese, ariko kuri bamwe biragira icyo bigeraho. Ibi bigomba gukorwa munsi y'ubugenzuzi bw'inzobere.

4. Ubuvuzi bwihutirwa:

Nkuko byavuzwe mbere, mu gihe habayeho ikibazo gikomeye cyo kubura umwuka, gutera adrenaline (nk'iya EpiPen) ni ingenzi cyane ku bantu bafite ubwivumbure bukomeye kugira ngo babike neza kandi bamenye uko bayikoresha.

Ni ryari nkwiye kujya kwa muganga? Ni nde urwaye indwara yo kutagira aleji?

Ni byiza kujya kwa muganga niba ufite kimwe muri ibi:

• Niba ukunze kugira ibimenyetso by'ubwivumbure bibangamira imirimo yawe ya buri munsi.
• Niba ushaka kumenya neza icyo urwaye ubwivumbure.
• Niba ufite ibimenyetso bisa na asima (inkorora, guhumeka, gufunga igituza).
• Niba ufite ikibazo gikomeye ku biryo.
• Iyo urumwe n'udukoko maze ukagira ingaruka zikomeye.

Umuganga mukuru ashobora kuvura indwara z’ibanze ziterwa n’ubwivumbure. Ariko rimwe na rimwe, iyo ubwivumbure bugoye, bugoye kuvumbura, cyangwa bukabije, ushobora koherezwa kwa muganga w’inzobere mu by’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri . Aba baganga bahawe ubumenyi bwihariye bwo gusuzuma no kuvura ubwivumbure. Bashobora gukora ibintu nko gupima uruhu no kuvura ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri.

None se, ni ibihe bintu tugomba kwibuka muri ibi byose? (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Sawa, twavuze byinshi kuri allergie ubu, si byo se? Amaherezo, dore ibintu by'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka:

• Allergie si ikintu cyo gutinya, ariko ni ngombwa kubimenya. Allergie ni ukwitwara nabi k'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu ku kintu kidafite ingaruka mbi.
• Intambwe ya mbere ni ukumenya icyo urwaye ubwivumbure.
• Kwirinda ibintu bitera ubwivumbure ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda. Irinde ibintu bibi kuri wewe igihe cyose bishoboka.
• Hari imiti myiza yo kurwanya ibimenyetso. Ikoreshe nk'uko muganga wawe yabigutegetse.
• Menya neza ikibazo gikomeye cyitwa anaphylaxis. Ni ikibazo cyihutirwa. Mu gihe nk'icyo, jya kwa muganga vuba. Niba ufite allergie ikomeye, shyira inshinge za adrenaline hafi yawe.
• Birashoboka kubaho ubuzima busanzwe kandi bushimishije ufite allergie. Bisaba gusa kuyifata neza.

Niba ufite ibindi bibazo cyangwa impungenge, vugana na muganga. Barahari kugira ngo bagufashe.