Ese ufite igisebe ku ruhu rwawe kidakira? Ese byaba ari Leishmaniasis? Reka tubiganireho!

Ese wigeze ubona ko hari abantu bafite ibisebe ku ruhu rwabo bifata igihe kirekire kugira ngo bikire, rimwe na rimwe bigasiga inkovu mbi? Cyangwa umuriro umara iminsi, kugabanya ibiro, no kubyimba inda? Ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by'indwara rimwe na rimwe tutitaho cyane, nk'inyamaswa nto nk'isazi. Imwe muri izo ndwara ni Leishmaniasis. Uyu munsi, tuzabivugaho birambuye, mu buryo bworoshye.

Leishmaniasis ni iki?

Mu magambo make, Leishmaniasis ni itsinda ry'indwara ziterwa n'udukoko twitwa Leishmania . Iyi parasite ni nto cyane ku buryo idashobora kubonwa n'amaso keretse hakoreshejwe mikorosikopi. Mu by'ukuri, iri mu itsinda ry'udukoko twitwa protozoa, ari two tunyabuzima dufite akaremangingo kamwe.

Iyi ndwara idukwira iyo ubwoko bw'isazi yo mu mucanga idutunguye. Izi sazi ni nto cyane, rimwe na rimwe zikaba ntoya kurusha imibu. Iyi ndwara ishobora gutera indwara zitandukanye, kuva ku bisebe byo ku ruhu bitameze neza kugeza ku ngorane zishobora kwica zigira ingaruka ku ngingo z'imbere.

Hari uburyo bubiri bw'ingenzi tubibona kenshi:

1. Leishmaniasis yo mu gace (`(Leishmaniasis yo mu gace)`)

2. Indwara ya Visceral leishmaniasis ( igira ingaruka ku ngingo z'imbere )

Ni nde ushobora kubibona cyane?

Leishmaniasis ikunze kugaragara cyane mu byaro, cyane cyane mu turere dufite isuku nke . Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budakomeye , nk'abanduye agakoko gatera SIDA cyangwa abafite ubundi burwayi bw'umubiri, bashobora kurwara iyi ndwara iyo banduye agakoko gatera Leishmania.

Ese Leishmaniasis ikunze kugaragara muri Sri Lanka?

Ku isi yose, hari abantu banduye agakoko ka Leishmania badatanga ibimenyetso. Bityo rero biragoye kumenya neza uko gakunze kugaragara. Ariko, abahanga bavuga ko abantu bari hagati ya miliyoni 1.5 na 2 ku isi barwara iyi ndwara buri mwaka .

Yego, ikibabaje ni uko Leishmaniasis iboneka no muri Sri Lanka. Cyane cyane indwara y'uruhu (`(Cutaneous leishmaniasis)`) yagaragaye mu turere twumye tw'igihugu cyacu, urugero nko mu turere nka Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa, Hambantota, na Matara. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane kubimenya.

Ni hehe ku isi ibi bikunze kugaragara cyane?

Udukoko twa Leishmania tuboneka mu bihugu birenga 90 ku isi. Ubwoko butandukanye bwa Leishmania bushobora kuboneka mu bice bitandukanye by'isi. Impuguke ziyigabanyamo ubwoko bubiri, "Leishmaniasis yo mu Isi ya Kera" na "Leishmaniasis yo mu Isi Nshya," bitewe n'aho iboneka.

• Leishmaniasis yo mu Isi ya Kera (`(Isi ya Kera leishmaniasis)`) mu gice cy'Iburasirazuba bw'Isi, ni ukuvuga:
• Uduce tumwe na tumwe two muri Aziya
• Muri Afurika, cyane cyane ibihugu byo mu turere dushyuha n'ibyo mu majyaruguru ya Afurika
• Uburayi bw'Amajyepfo
• Uburasirazuba bwo Hagati
• Leishmaniasis y'Isi Nshya (`(Isi Nshya leishmaniasis)`) mu gice cy'Iburengerazuba bw'Isi, ni ukuvuga:
• Amerika yo Hagati
• Amerika y'Epfo
• Uduce tumwe na tumwe two muri Megizike

Nubwo bidakunze kugaragara muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, hari amakuru ajyanye n'indwara ya leishmaniasis yo mu bwoko bwa cutaneous leishmaniasis yagaragaye muri leta nka Texas na Oklahoma.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bwa Leishmaniasis?

Leishmaniasis ishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko butatu bw'ingenzi: uruhu, urwa mucosal, n'urw'imbere mu mubiri.

Leishmaniasis yo mu gace (CL)

Iyi ni indwara ifata uruhu aho isazi yo mu mucanga yarumwe . Itangira ari agahu gato hanyuma igahinduka igisebe kinini. Ibi bisebe bifata igihe kirekire kugira ngo bikire, kandi rimwe na rimwe ntibikira ubwabyo. Ibimenyetso bishobora gutangira mu byumweru bike cyangwa amezi make nyuma yo kurumwa n'isazi yo mu mucanga.

Ni gake cyane, hari abantu bashobora kurwara ibi bibyimba cyangwa udusebe mu bice byinshi by'uruhu. Ibi byitwa `(diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis)`. Ibi bishobora kugaruka ndetse na nyuma yo kuvurwa.

Indwara ya Leishmaniasis mu rukenyerero/mucocutaneous (ML)

Ibi akenshi bibaho nk'ikibazo cya leishmaniasis y'uruhu . Bigira ingaruka ku ruhu rwo mu mazuru, mu kanwa, cyangwa mu muhogo. Iyi ndwara idakunze kwikemurira ubwayo kandi akenshi yica iyo itavuwe . Ishobora no gutuma isura ihinduka.

Leishmaniasis yo mu maso (VL) / Kala-azar

Iyi ni yo ndwara ikomeye cyane . Iterwa n'ubwoko bwihariye bwa Leishmania. Igira ingaruka ku ngingo z'imbere, cyane cyane urwagashya n'umwijima . Ibimenyetso bishobora gufata igihe icyo ari cyo cyose kuva ku mezi make kugeza ku mwaka umwe cyangwa arenga kugira ngo bigaragare nyuma yo kurumwa n'isazi yanduye. Iyi ndwara (VL) ishobora gukomera vuba kandi hafi ya buri gihe yica iyo itavuwe .

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'iyi ndwara?

Ibimenyetso bya leishmaniasis biratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bw'indwara ufite. Ubwoko bw'indwara zigira ingaruka ku ruhu no ku ruhu rugatera ibisebe binini kandi bigakira buhoro buhoro. Ubwoko bw'indwara zigira ingaruka ku ngingo z'imbere zitera ibimenyetso rusange nko kugira umuriro, kugabanya ibiro no kubyimba inda.

Ibimenyetso bya Leishmaniasis yo mu gace k'inyuma

Ikibyimba kiba ku ruhu aho isazi y'umucanga yarumye. Gishobora kuba gifite igisebe/igituza hejuru. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, ibi bishobora guhinduka igisebe,Hari inkombe ikomeye ikikije, n'igice cyo hagati cyarohamye (nk'ikirunga).

Ibimenyetso bya Mucosal Leishmaniasis

Ibisebe ku ruhu biri mu mazuru, mu kanwa cyangwa mu muhogo. Ibi bisebe bikunze kubanza cyangwa bigaherekezwa n'igisebe kimwe cyangwa byinshi ku ruhu.

Ibimenyetso bya Visceral Leishmaniasis

Ibi bimenyetso birimo:

• Umuriro: Ibi bishobora gutangira mu buryo butunguranye kandi bishobora kuza bigashira mu gihe cy'ibyumweru byinshi.
• Kumva mfite ubukonje n'ibyuya.
• Utunyangingo tw'imitsi tubyimbye.
• Kubyimba inda bitewe no kwiyongera k'umwobo w'inda.
• Kugabanya ibiro.
• Umunaniro ukabije, umunaniro.
• Intege nke.
• Kwijima cyangwa guhinduka ibara ry'ahantu hamwe na hamwe h'uruhu.

Ni iki gitera Leishmaniasis? Yandurira mu buryo ki?

Leishmaniasis iterwa n'udukoko twitwa Leishmania. Utu dukoko tuba mu bantu ndetse no mu nyamaswa nk'imbwa, injangwe, opossum, imbeba n'imbwebwe.

Yandurira cyane cyane binyuze mu kurumwa n'ubwoko bw'isazi yitwa phlebotomine sand fly . Iyo iyi sazi irumye umuntu cyangwa inyamaswa yanduye, hanyuma ikaruma undi muntu, itera agakoko ka Leishmania mu mubiri w'undi muntu.

Uretse ibi, ubundi buryo ushobora kwanduramo Leishmania, bukunze kugaragara cyane, ni:

• Mu gusangira inshinge.
• Binyuze mu guterwa amaraso.
• Kuva ku mubyeyi utwite kugeza ku mwana uri mu nda.

Icy'ingenzi: Ntushobora kwandura leishmaniasis uturutse ku mbwa cyangwa ku yindi nyamaswa iyo ari yo yose. Ariko, hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko imbwa zishobora kuyinduza izindi mbwa. Kubera ko imbwa zishobora no kuyinduza abantu binyuze mu isazi zo mu mucanga, ni ngombwa kwirinda ko imbwa zitayinduza.

Wamenya ute ko ufite Leishmaniasis?

Muganga asuzuma indwara afata ingero z'uturemangingo mu mubiri wawe hanyuma akabipima niba hari agakoko ka Leishmania. Izi ngero zishobora gufatirwa mu bikomere, mu muhogo, mu mitsi, cyangwa mu musokoro w'amagufwa. Mu bihugu aho leishmaniasis ikunze kugaragara, abaganga bakunze gusuzuma indwara bakumva ibimenyetso cyangwa basuzuma uruhu.

Ni ibihe bizamini bikorwa?

• Kuvura urushinge: Muganga akoresha urushinge kugira ngo afate icyitegererezo cy'ingingo mu gahanga kawe, mu gace kawe k'umurambo, cyangwa mu musokoro w'amagufwa. Umutekinisiye wo muri laboratwari arayireba akoresheje mikorosikopi kugira ngo arebe niba Leishmania ihari. Ubu ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo gusuzuma leishmaniasis yo mu maso.
• Isuzuma ry'uruhu: Muganga afata icyitegererezo cy'ingingo ku gisebe kiri ku ruhu rwawe, ku mazuru, cyangwa ku kanwa. Kipimwa Leishmania. Ibi bifasha gusuzuma leishmaniasis y'uruhu cyangwa mucosal.
• Gupima amaraso (Serology) : Hari igihe muganga ashobora gusuzuma amaraso yawe kugira ngo arebe ibimenyetso by'ubwandu bwa Leishmania. Ariko, gupima amaraso akenshi ntabwo ari ingirakamaro cyane mu kumenya ubwandu busanzwe. Kubera ko hari abantu bashobora kubugira nta bimenyetso, gupima amaraso bishobora kugaragaza ko ari ubwandu nubwo udafite ubwandu ubu.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura ibi?

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'imiti irwanya udukoko dushobora gukoreshwa mu kuvura Leishmaniasis. Imiti muganga azaguha izaterwa n'ubwoko bwa Leishmaniasis ufite. Iyi miti ishobora kuza mu buryo butandukanye:

• Kunywa ibinini.
• Amavuta cyangwa amavuta yo kwisiga ahumuriza uruhu.
• Amazi atangwa na muganga binyuze mu muyoboro wa saline (catheter ya IV) yinjijwe mu mitsi.

Niba urwaye leishmaniasis y'uruhu, muganga wawe ashobora gukoresha uburyo bwo kuvura ibisebe mu buryo bushyushye (thermotherapy), uburyo bwo kuvura ibicurane (cryotherapy), cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe laser. Ibi bishobora kwica udukoko no gufasha ibisebe gukira.

Imiti ivura Leishmaniasis:

• Amphotericin
• Miltefosine
• Antimonials zo mu bwoko bwa Pentavalent, urugero nka sodium stibogluconate
• Paromomycin

Hari ubundi buryo bwo kuvura indwara ya leishmaniasis y'uruhu butangwa. Muri ubwo buryo harimo:

• Ubuvuzi bwa Thermotherapy : Muganga ashyira ubushyuhe ku gikomere no ku nkengero zacyo.
• Cryotherapy : Muganga akonjesha igikomere n'ibikikije mu gihe cy'amasegonda agera kuri 10-30.
• Uburyo bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe laser : Muganga akoresha igikoresho gifata mu ntoki kugira ngo ayobore imirasire ya laser ku gikomere n'ahantu hakikije.

Ni gute wakwirinda Leishmaniasis?

Uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda ubwoko bwose bwa Leishmaniasis ni ukwirinda kurumwa n'udusimba two mu mucanga , cyane cyane mu turere dukunze kugaragaramo Leishmania. Dore bumwe mu buryo bwo kwirinda kurumwa n'udusimba two mu mucanga:

• Ambara imyenda ipfuka umubiri wawe neza: ipantaro ndende, amashati y'amaboko maremare, amasogisi, n'ibindi.
• Koresha umuti wirukana udukoko wemewe na EPA. Imiti irwanya udukoko ikora neza cyane akenshi iba irimo DEET.
• Tera umuti wica udukoko mu mazu, nko mu byumba byo kuraramo no mu byumba byo kubamo.
• Kurara mu cyumba gifunze amadirishya cyangwa gifite amadirishya apfunze.
• Kuryama munsi y'umusegetera wo ku buriri bw'imibu. Hari imisegetera iterwa umuti wica udukoko mbere kugira ngo irusheho kubarinda. Isazi zo mu musenyi ni nto cyane ugereranyije n'imibu. Bityo, imyobo iri mu musegetera igomba kuba mito cyane kugira ngo isazi zitinjiramo.

Bigenda bite uramutse urwaye Leishmaniasis? Ese ishobora gukira?

Iyo urwaye iyi ndwara, imiterere yayo iterwa n'ubwoko bw'indwara ufite ndetse n'ubuzima bw'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe. Ubwoko bw'indwara zifata ingingo z'imbere (VL) n'ubwoko bw'indwara zifata uturemangingo (ML) bigomba kuvurwa vuba. Byombi hafi ya byose byica iyo bitavuwe.

Indwara ya leishmaniasis ishobora gukemuka mu buryo butunguranye cyangwa ivurwa. Ariko, bishobora gufata amezi menshi kugira ngo ikire neza, kandi inkovu zidashira zishobora kubaho.

Ushobora gukenera gukomeza gufata imiti mu gihe cy'ibyumweru cyangwa amezi kugira ngo urebe neza ko ubwandu bwashize burundu. Baza muganga wawe ibijyanye n'ubuvuzi n'igihe cyo gukira.

Leishmaniasis ikunze kuvurwa iyo muganga asuzumye indwara hakiri kare akayivura akoresheje imiti. Iyo hakiri kare, igipimo cyo gukira kwa leishmaniasis yo mu visceral kiri hejuru ya 90%, naho kuri leishmaniasis yo mucosal, kiri hejuru ya 75%. Hari abantu bashobora kongera kurwara nyuma y'amezi make bamaze gukira kandi batagifite iyi ndwara (ibi byitwa gusubira inyuma).

Indwara ya visceral na mucosal leishmaniasis iragoye kuvura iyo idavuwe. Iragoye kandi kuvura abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budakomeye.

Ni izihe ngorane ziterwa n'iyi ndwara?

Ingorane za leishmaniasis zishobora kuba zikomeye cyangwa zikangiza ubuzima, cyane cyane mu bice by'imbere mu mubiri no mu gice cy'imbere mu mubiri. Zirimo:

• Udukoko twa bagiteri: Izi kandi zitwa ubwandu bwa kabiri. Izi zishobora gutuma ibikomere birushaho kwiyongera. Bagiteri zishobora kwinjira mu mubiri zikanatera indwara zikomeye.
• Inkovu: Indwara ya cutaneous na mucosal leishmaniasis ishobora kwangiza burundu no gukomeretsa cyane uruhu, umunwa n'amazuru.
• Gusubira inyuma: Hari abantu bagira ibimenyetso bishira iyo bavuwe hanyuma bakagaruka. Ibisebe by'uruhu bigaruka byitwa "leishmaniasis recidivans." Ibi bibaye, hashobora kuba hakenewe ubundi buvuzi.
• Gutobora cyangwa gusenyuka kwa Septal:Indwara ya mucosal leishmaniasis ishobora gutera umwobo mu ngingo iri hagati y’inzira ebyiri z’izuru (urukuta ruri hagati y’izuru - ``(septum)``). Imiterere y’izuru ishobora gusenyuka. Ibi bishobora gutera ubumuga, kwandura indwara, no kugorwa no guhumeka.
• Ibihaha cyangwa indwara zo mu gifu (indwara zo mu gifu): Indwara ya "mucosal" na "visceral leishmaniasis" ishobora gutera indwara mu bindi bice by'umubiri.

Izindi ngorane ziterwa na leishmaniasis yo mu maso:

• Nyuma ya kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL): PKDL ni indwara itera ibisebe binini kandi bifite uduheri ku maso cyangwa ibindi bice by'umubiri. Ishobora kubaho mu gihe cyangwa nyuma ya leishmaniasis yo mu jisho. Ishobora kumara igihe kirekire kandi igatera inkovu zikomeye.
• Kuva amaraso menshi: Kuva amaraso menshi bishobora kwica.
• Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: Iyi ni indwara ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga, yangiza ingingo.
• Sepsis: Sepsis ni uburyo umubiri uhura n’ubwandu bukomeye bushobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga.

Nkwiye kwiyitaho nte?

Baza muganga wawe uko wakwiyitaho kugeza ukize. Niba ufite indwara ya leishmaniasis y'uruhu, muganga wawe azakubwira uko wasukura no kwita ku bisebe kugeza bikize. Ku bwoko bwose bwa leishmaniasis, reba ibimenyetso bigaruka nubwo waba utekereza ko wakize.

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?

Reba muganga wawe muri ibi bihe:

• Niba utuye mu gace kagaragaramo Leishmania cyangwa waragiyeyo kandi ufite ibimenyetso.
• Niba igisebe ku ruhu rwawe kimara igihe kirekire kugira ngo gikire.
• Niba ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwawe bufite intege nke cyangwa ufite ibimenyetso by'ubwandu, gana muganga.

Niba nta bimenyetso ufite nyuma yo kurumwa n'isazi yo mu mucanga, ntukeneye kujya kwa muganga. Si isazi zose zo mu mucanga zikwirakwiza indwara. Hari igihe imibiri yacu ishobora kurwanya indwara ya Leishmania idateye indwara. Keretse ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwawe budafite imbaraga cyangwa usanzwe urwaye, abaganga ntibakuvura.

Ni ryari ugomba kujya mu Ishami ry’Ubuvuzi bw’Ingoboka (ETU) ?

Niba ufite ibi bimenyetso bikomeye, jya mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze kiri hafi yawe:

• Iyo ufite umuriro mwinshi (uri hejuru ya 103 Fahrenheit / 40 Selisiyusi) ntugabanuka.
• Kugorwa no guhumeka.
• Kubyimba inda bigaragara cyane.
• Ibara ry'umuhondo ku ruhu cyangwa amaso (jaundice).
• Ibara ry'ubururu ry'uruhu, iminwa, cyangwa inzara (cyanosis, ikimenyetso cy'uko umwuka wa ogisijeni mu maraso ugabanuka).

Ni ibihe bibazo ngomba kubaza muganga?

Bishobora kuba byiza kubaza muganga wawe ibi bibazo:

• Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura mfite?
• Ni gute nakwita ku bikomere byanjye?
• Ni ryari nzakira/ese imvune zanjye zizakira?
• Indwara yanjye ikomeye gute?
• Ni gute nkwiye gufata umuti wanjye?
• Ni ryari nkwiye kujya mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze?
• Nzongera kubonana ryari?

Ibuka nk'incamake

Leishmaniasis ni indwara iterwa n’udukoko dushobora gutera indwara zibabaza kandi zishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga. Niba utuye cyangwa ugiye mu gace kakunze kugaragaramo Leishmaniasis, fata ingamba zo kwirinda. Niba ufite ibimenyetso bya Leishmaniasis, cyangwa niba ufite igisebe kidakira cyangwa kirushaho gukomera, menya neza ko wagana abaganga. Abantu benshi bavurwa mbere yuko birushaho kuba bibi bashobora gukira burundu. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kumenya ibi bimenyetso no gushaka ubuvuzi vuba.

Leishmaniasis , kala-azar, sand fly, igisebe cy'uruhu, udukoko