Ese wigeze wibaza uburyo dushobora gusoma neza inyuguti ntoya mu gitabo, cyangwa kumenya isura y'umuntu uri kure? Ibi byose bifashwa n'agace gato cyane, ariko gakomeye cyane, k'ingenzi mu maso yacu. Ako gace kitwa "macula." Uyu munsi turimo kuvuga kuri aka kantu k'amabara, gakora nk'intwari y'iyerekwa ryawe.
None se, macula ni iki mu by'ukuri?
Mu magambo make, macula ni agace gato, gafite uruziga hagati muri retina inyuma y'ijisho ryawe. Retina ni urugingo rworoheje rufata urumuri rwinjira mu maso yacu. Ni nk'urumuri cyangwa sensa iri muri kamera. Rero macula ni igice cya retina yose cyihariye kugira ngo kiduhe kureba neza, gusobanutse neza, kandi birambuye.
Irindi zina ry'ibi ni macula lutea. Aka gace gato kagenzura ibyo ubona iyo urebye imbere, aho ureba imbere . Bityo rero, ndetse n'akantu gato kangiritse kuri macula gashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku kureba kwawe. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa kujya kwa muganga ako kanya mu gihe ubonye impinduka zitunguranye mu kureba kwawe cyangwa kureba kwawe.
Uruhare rwa macula ni uruhe? Kuki ari ingenzi cyane?
Tekereza urimo kureba indabyo nziza. Urabona neza utuntu duto tw’indabyo, nk’ibara ryazo, imiterere y’indabyo zazo, n’imitsi yoroshye iri kuri zo. Macula ikora cyane kugira ngo ikwereke utuntu duto twose.
Icyo tubona kirimo kuba ni iki gusa:
1. Ubwa mbere, urumuri rwinjira mu jisho, rukanyura muri lens, hanyuma rukagera kuri retina inyuma.
2. Uturemangingo twihariye tworoshye urumuri muri retina, twitwa photoreceptors , duhindura iyi ngufu y'urumuri mo ikimenyetso cy'amashanyarazi.
3. Iki kimenyetso cy'amashanyarazi kigera mu bwonko binyuze mu mitsi y'amaso.
4. Amaherezo, ubwonko busesengura iki kimenyetso kugira ngo bukore ishusho tubona.
Muri ubu buryo, macula ni yo ifata amakuru arambuye y'ibyo ureba. Ibyo bivuze:
- Soma amabaruwa mu gitabo cyangwa mu kinyamakuru.
- Menya isura y'umuntu
- Gukora akazi koroshye, nko gukurura urushinge.
- Kumenya no gutandukanya amabara atandukanye neza
Tekereza ko retina yose imeze nk'umuyoboro w'amazi uhira ubusitani, ugafata byose muri rusange. Hanyuma macula imeze nk'agakoresho ko gupima amaso, kakayireba neza ahantu hamwe, kakamenya amakuru gakeneye gusa, ni ukuvuga amakuru make gusa, kakayohereza mu bwonko.
Iyo macula yangiritse, ijisho ryawe rizakomeza gukora, rikemerera urumuri kwinjira. Ariko uzabona ishusho idasobanutse neza, irambuye kandi itagaragara neza. Ni nk'ifoto yafashwe na kamera idasobanutse neza.
Ni gute macula ikorwa?
Macula ni igice cya retina. Ni akadomo gato, gafite ishusho y'uruziga, k'umuhondo. Ubusanzwe, macula y'umuntu ifite ubugari bwa milimetero 5 gusa. Ni munsi ya santimetero imwe. Ariko biratangaje ibyo ikora, si byo se?
Kimwe na retina, macula igizwe n'uturemangingo tw'ifotoreceptor. Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'utu turemangingo:
- Inkoni: Izi zifasha mu kureba umukara n'umweru no kubona mu mwijima.
- Amabara: Ibi ni byo bifasha mu kureba amabara no kureba ku manywa nk'uko bisanzwe.
Icy'ingenzi kurushaho, macula irimo uturemangingo twinshi tw’udukoko, bivuze ko dufatanye cyane. Niyo mpamvu tubona neza, birambuye kandi bifite amabara menshi binyuze muri yo.
Ni izihe ndwara n'ibindi bibazo bishobora kugira ingaruka ku macula?
Ikintu cyose cyangiza ijisho gishobora kugira ingaruka ku macula. Ariko hari indwara nyinshi zibasira by’umwihariko macula. Reka tubirebe mu mbonerahamwe ebyiri.
| Indwara zikomeye zigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku macula | |
|---|---|
| Kugabanuka k'amagufwa y'amaso bifitanye isano n'imyaka (AMD) | Imboni y'amaso igenda icika intege buhoro buhoro uko umuntu asaza. Ishusho yo hagati itangira kugaragara nabi. |
| Uruhu rw'imbere mu macular pucker / epiretinal membrane | Uduce duto duhinduka hejuru y'agace k'amabara, maze gahinduka ibicu bigatuma umuntu atabona neza. Ushobora kubona imirongo igororotse. |
| Umwobo wa macular | Umwobo muto uri hagati mu gice cy'imbere cy'ijisho. Ushobora kugaragara nk'akadomo k'umukara mu iyerekwa ryo hagati. |
| Kubyimba kwa cystoid macular | Agahu k'uruhu karabyimba kakazuramo amazi, bigatuma umuntu atabona neza. |
Byongeye kandi, zimwe mu ndwara zigira ingaruka kuri retina yose zishobora no kwangiza macula.
| Izindi ndwara zishobora kugira ingaruka ku macula binyuze muri retina | |
|---|---|
| Retinitis pigmentosa | Indwara y’uturemangingo igenda isenya uturemangingo tw’ijisho buhoro buhoro. |
| Indorerwamo z'amaso n'urumuri rw'amatara | Ibi bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'ikibazo cy'ijisho. |
| Kuziba imitsi yo mu jisho | Kuziba k'umutsi utanga amaraso muri retine. |
| Gutandukanya retinal | Ibi ni ibintu byihutirwa. Retina iva ku rukuta rw'ijisho. |
Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ikibazo cya macula?
Niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso mu maso yawe, nyamuneka ntukirengagize. Shaka muganga vuba bishoboka.
- Kureba nabi: Kumva umeze nk'uri kureba mu gihu.
- Diplopia: Kubona ikintu kimwe nk'ibiri.
- Ububabare bushya mu jisho budashobora kugabanuka nubwo haba nyuma y'iminsi mike.
- Kugorwa no kureba urumuri (photophobia): Kumva ko n'urumuri rusanzwe rukabije ku maso.
- Kumva nk'aho kureba kwawe kugenda gucika intege buhoro buhoro cyangwa mu buryo butunguranye.
- Imirongo igororotse, amadirishya n'inzugi, n'ibindi bintu bisa nkaho byarambuye kandi bishwanyaguritse.
Ni gute wakora kugira ngo macula ikomeze kuba nzima?
Amaso yacu ni isoko y'agaciro gakomeye. Kubwibyo, ni inshingano zacu kwita ku jisho ryose, harimo n'iry'amaso.
Reba muganga.
Nubona impinduka nke mu maso yawe, bwira muganga wawe. Niba wambaye indorerwamo cyangwa contact lenses, jya usuzuma amaso yawe buri gihe kandi uhindure imiti yawe uko bikenewe. Mu gihe cyo gusuzuma amaso, muganga wawe azakoresha igikoresho cyihariye (ophthalmoscope) kugira ngo asuzume neza retina na macula yawe.
Rinda amaso yawe.
Ambara indorerwamo zirinda impanuka zikwiye mu gihe ukina siporo, ukora akazi nko gukata ibyuma, cyangwa ukoresha imiti. Nanone, ambara indorerwamo z'izuba nziza zirinda amaso yawe imirasire ya ultraviolet (UV) mu gihe uri ku zuba.
Tekereza ku buzima muri rusange
Ubuzima bwawe muri rusange bugira ingaruka ku maso yawe. Indwara nka diyabete n'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso zishobora kwangiza amaso yawe. Kubwibyo fungura indyo yuzuye, kora siporo, kandi ucunge neza izindi ndwara zawe.
Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga?
Iki ni ikintu cyo kuzirikana.
Jya kwa muganga ukimara kubona impinduka mu maso yawe. Bishobora kuba ibintu byoroshye nko gukenera imiti mishya y'indorerwamo zawe. Ariko bishobora no kuba ikimenyetso cy'indwara ikomeye. Ntutegereze ko ibimenyetso byawe birushaho kwiyongera.
Ibibazo byihutirwa:
- Niba ugiye kubona mu buryo butunguranye
- Niba ubabara cyane mu jisho ryawe
- Niba amaso yawe yijimye mu buryo butunguranye, nk'aho umwenda waguye imbere y'amaso yawe
Mu gihe nk'iki, jya mu bitaro bikuru by'ubutabazi bwihuse (ETU) biri hafi yawe , kuko hari indwara zimwe na zimwe zishobora gutuma utabona neza iyo utavuwe vuba.
Agace k'amaso ni agace gato k'ijisho, ariko ubu usobanukiwe akamaro ko kubona isi neza. Tugakoresha buri kanya. Reka twite ku maso yacu. Reka tujye tuyasuzuma buri gihe. Niba ubonye impinduka nkeya, reka dushake inama kwa muganga.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Macula ni igice cya retina kiri hagati mu jisho, kikaba ari ingenzi mu kureba kwacu hagati (ibyo tubona iyo tureba imbere) no kubona utuntu duto duto.
- Impinduka iyo ari yo yose mu kureba kwawe, nko kubura isura, gucika imitsi, cyangwa ahantu hijimye hagati, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'ikibazo cya macula.
- Ntukirengagize ibimenyetso nk'ibyo. Vugana na muganga ako kanya hanyuma ugenzure amaso yawe.
- Ni ngombwa kwipimisha amaso buri gihe, gukurikiza ubuzima bwiza, no kwambara indorerwamo z'izuba kugira ngo wirinde indwara nk'izabukuru ziterwa no gusaza (AMD).
- Gutakaza amaso bitunguranye cyangwa ububabare bukomeye bw'amaso ni ikibazo cyihutirwa. Jya ku bitaro byita ku barwayi ba ETU byihutirwa.
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