Ese tuzi iyi ndwara y'ubuhumekero yitwa MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome)?

Ushobora kuba utari warigeze wumva ibya MERS mbere. Ariko ubu, bitewe n'icyorezo cya COVID-19, twese tuzi neza indwara za coronavirus. MERS nayo ni imwe mu ndwara z'ubuhumekero zitandukanye gato, rimwe na rimwe zikaba zikomeye cyane. Rero, birakwiye kubyigiraho gato wowe n'umuryango wawe, sibyo? Reka tubiganireho mu buryo bworoshye.

MERS ni iki?

Muri make, MERS ni indwara yoroheje, ikomeye kandi igoranye guhumeka ifata ibihaha byacu. Iterwa n'ubwoko runaka bwa virusi yitwa Coronavirus . Mu by'ukuri, virusi yitwa `MERS-CoV` (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus). Iyi ndwara yamenyekanye bwa mbere ku isi mu 2012 muri Arabiya Sawudite. Niyo mpamvu yitwa "Middle East Respiratory Syndrome".

Reka twige bike kuri Coronavirus

Noneho ushobora kwibaza icyo izi coronavirus ari cyo n'impamvu ari mbi cyane. Mu by'ukuri, coronavirus si virusi imwe, ahubwo ni itsinda rinini rya virusi. Akenshi zandura inyoni, cyangwa inyamanswa nk'imbwa, injangwe, n'inka. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe izi virusi zirahinduka kandi zigahinduka, kandi hari amahirwe ko zishobora kwanduza abantu.

Abahanga mu bya siyansi bavumbuye bwa mbere izi coronavirus hagati mu myaka ya za 1960. Kuva icyo gihe, hamaze kugaragara ubwoko burindwi bwa coronavirus bushobora gutera abantu indwara. Bune muri bwo butera ibimenyetso byoroheje, bisa n'ibicurane bisanzwe. Ariko, ubundi butatu burakomeye cyane kandi rimwe na rimwe bushobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga. Ubu butatu ni ubu:

• `SARS-CoV` (Severe Acute Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus): Ibi byagaragaye mu 2003. Ushobora kuba wibuka ko icyo gihe, hari ubwoba bwinshi ku isi.
• `MERS-CoV` (Indwara y'Ubuhumekero yo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati ya Coronavirus): Iyi ni yo tuvuga ubu. Yagaragaye mu 2012.
• `SARS-CoV-2`: Iyi ni virusi yateje indwara ya `COVID-19` twese duherutse guhangana nayo.

MERS ikunze kugaragara gute?

None se iyi ndwara yitwa MERS ikunze kugaragara gute? Nk’uko bivugwa n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS), kugeza muri Mutarama 2020, abantu 2.519 gusa banduye MERS ni bo bamaze kugaragara ku isi kuva mu 2012. Nubwo aba barwayi bagaragaye baturutse mu bihugu 27, 80% by’aba barwayi, ni ukuvuga umunani kuri icumi, bagaragaye baturutse muri Arabiya Sawudite. Kimwe n’abandi bose, iyi ndwara yagaragaye nyuma yo kujya mu bihugu byo mu gace k’Abarabu, ni ukuvuga ibihugu nka Iraki, Irani, Isirayeli, Arabiya Sawudite, na Siriya, cyangwa nyuma yo guturayo. Kubera ko igihugu cyacu kigiye muri ibi bihugu gushaka akazi, ni ngombwa kubimenya. Ndetse no muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, abarwayi babiri gusa ni bo bagaragaye. Bombi ni abakozi bo mu rwego rw’ubuzima, bagiye muri Arabiya Sawudite.

Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kurwara MERS?

Reka turebere hamwe abashobora kurwara MERS cyane. Reba ibi bikurikira:

• Ku baherutse kujya mu karere k'Abarabu (urugero: Arabiya Sawudite, Katari, Ibihugu by'Abarabu).
• Ku bagiye mu gace k'Abarabu kandi bakaba barahuye cyane n'umuntu waje kurwara nyuma.
• Ku bantu bahuye bya hafi n'umuntu wemejwe ko yanduye `MERS-CoV`.
• Niba uri umukozi w’ubuzima , wakoranye bya hafi n’umurwayi wa MERS kandi ntukurikije ingamba zikwiye zo kurwanya ubwandu.
• Ku bantu bahuye n'ingamiya, cyangwa abariye inyama z'ingamiya zitatetse, cyangwa abanyoye amata y'ingamiya adatetse. (Ibi ntabwo bireba cyane Sri Lanka, ariko ni ingenzi ku bajya mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati).

Virusi ya MERS yaturutse he?

Tekereza aho izi virusi zituruka. Abashakashatsi bizera ko indwara nka MERS, SARS, na COVID-19 zatangiriye ku dusimba, hanyuma zigakwirakwira no mu zindi nyamaswa, hanyuma zikagera no ku bantu.

• Muri iki gihe bikekwa ko virusi ya MERS-CoV yavuye ku dusimba ijya ku ngamiya no ku ngamiya ijya ku bantu .
• Virusi ya SARS-CoV yageze ku bantu binyuze mu bwoko bwa civet (inyamaswa nto y’inyamabere iboneka muri Afurika no muri Aziya).
• Abahanga mu bya siyansi ntibaramenya neza inyamaswa virusi ya COVID-19 yaturutsemo ku bantu.

MERS yandurira ite?

Kimwe n'izindi ndwara zandura, virusi ya MERS-CoV iba mu myanya yacu y'ubuhumekero. Bityo, ahanini yandurira mu bitonyanga by'ubuhumekero bisohoka iyo umuntu akorora cyangwa yitsamuye.

MERS ni indwara yandura. Ariko, ntiyakwirakwiriye ku isi hose vuba nka COVID-19. MERS isaba kubana hafi cyane kugira ngo ikwirakwizwe. Nk'uko bigenda hagati y'abagize umuryango cyangwa iyo umuntu yita ku murwayi mu bitaro. Abayobozi b'ubuzima ntibigeze babona ikwirakwira mu baturage bose.

Nanone, ingamiya zishobora kwanduzanya MERS. Ingamiya zo muri Arabiya Sawudite n'ibihugu bikikije zigira ubwoko bwa MERS busa n'ubwoko bwa MERS butera indwara mu bantu. Ibi bigaragaza ko ingamiya zirimo kwanduzanya MERS mu buryo bufatika.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya MERS?

Umuntu urwaye MERS ashobora kuba adafite ibimenyetso na gato. Cyangwa, ashobora kuba afite ibimenyetso byoroheje bisa n'ibicurane bisanzwe. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe bishobora kugera ku ndwara ikomeye cyane, ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga. MERS ikunze gutera ibimenyetso by'ubuhumekero nka:

• Inkorora
• Umuriro (ushobora kuba ufite umuriro mwinshi)
• Guhumeka nabi

Hari abantu bamwe na bamwe bavuze ibimenyetso nko gucibwamo, isesemi no kuruka. Ibimenyetso bya MERS akenshi bitangira mu minsi ibiri kugeza kuri cumi n'ine nyuma yo kwandura virusi.

Ni izihe ngorane zishobora guterwa na MERS?

Noneho reka turebe ingorane zishobora kubaho iyo MERS ibaye ikomeye. Aha niho tugomba kwibanda cyane. Mu bihe bikomeye, MERS ishobora gutera umusonga , kunanirwa guhumeka, ndetse no gukenera guhumeka neza . Bishobora kandi gutera impyiko kunanirwa.

Bivugwa ko igipimo cy'impfu za MERS kiri hafi 35%. Ibyo bivuze ko hafi umuntu umwe muri batatu bandura MERS azapfa. Ariko, ibi bishobora kuba biri hasi cyane. Uyu mubare nturimo abarwayi bafite ibimenyetso byoroheje, batamenyekanye cyangwa ngo batangazwe.

Iyi ndwara ishobora kuba ikomeye cyane ku bantu bafite izindi ndwara zituma ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bugabanuka. Urugero:

• Kanseri
• Indwara y'umutima idakira
• Indwara y'impyiko idakira
• Indwara z'ibihaha zidakira (urugero: asima, COPD)
• Diyabete (`Diabete Mellitus`)
• Abantu bakuze

MERS ipimwa ite?

Niba ufite ibimenyetso by'ubuhumekero nko kugira umuriro, inkorora, no guhumeka bigoranye, muganga wawe azakubaza amateka y'ubuzima bwawe. Menya neza ko wabibwiye muganga wawe niba uherutse kujya ahantu hose, cyane cyane mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, cyangwa wahuye n'abarwayi cyangwa ingamiya.

Ibizamini byihariye byo muri laboratwari bishobora gukorwa kugira ngo hamenyekane niba waranduye MERS cyangwa warigeze kurwara. Muganga wawe ashobora gufata ingero zitandukanye, nko:

• Ingero z'imiyoboro yo hasi y'ubuhumekero: Ushobora gusabwa gufata amatembabuzi (phlegm) mu gikoresho. Ubundi buryo, muganga wawe ashobora gushyiramo umuyoboro muto kandi woroshye (bronchoscope) mu muhogo wawe kugira ngo afate ingero z'amatembabuzi mu bihaha byawe.
• Icyitegererezo cy'inzira yo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero yo hejuru: Ibi bikubiyemo gufata icyitegererezo mu mazuru cyangwa mu muhogo wo hejuru ukoresheje agapfukamunwa.
• Ingero ya seramu: Seramu ni igice cy'amazi mu maraso yawe. Muganga afata ingero y'amaraso yawe akayizungurutsa mu mashini yihuta cyane (centrifuge). Hanyuma seramu itandukanywa n'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso, uturemangingo twera tw'amaraso, na plaquettes. Hanyuma iyi seramu ipimwa uturemangingo twakozwe mu kurwanya virusi.

Si laboratwari zose zemerewe gupima MERS-CoV. Muganga wawe ashobora kohereza icyitegererezo muri laboratwari y’ishami ry’ubuzima rya leta yawe cyangwa ku kigo cyihariye, nka CDC (Ikigo gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara).

MERS ivurwa ite?

Kugeza ubu nta muti wihariye wemewe wo kuvura indwara za MERS. Ni ukuvuga ko nta muti wihariye ushobora kwica virusi. Bityo, ubuvuzi ni ubuvuzi bufasha mu kugenzura ibimenyetso byawe mu gihe umubiri wawe urwanya ubwandu.

• Niba ufite ibimenyetso byoroheje , ushobora kuruhuka uri mu rugo ukanywa imiti nka parasetamol yo kuvura ububabare n'umuriro.
• Ariko, niba indwara ikomeye, ushobora kuba ugomba kujya mu bitaro. Muri icyo gihe, ushobora gukora ibintu nk'ibi:
• Tanga ibinyobwa biva mu mitsi (IV) (rinda umwuma).
• Gutanga ogisijeni y'inyongera (ku bibazo byo guhumeka).
• Iyo guhumeka bidashoboka, hakoreshwa uburyo bwo guhumeka.
• Iyo impyiko zinaniwe, dialyse irashobora gukorwa.

Ni gute wakwirinda ko MERS ikwirakwira mu bandi? (Niba ufite MERS)

Niba uzi cyangwa utekereza ko ufite MERS, ugomba gukora ibi bintu kugira ngo wirinde kuyikwirakwiza ku bandi:

• Guma mu rugo ako kanya. Guma mu cyumba gitandukanye n'abandi bantu. Niba bishoboka, koresha ubwiherero butandukanye.
• Karaba intoki zawe kenshi n'isabune n'amazi (nibura amasegonda 20). Niba ukoresha umuti wica intoki, ugomba kuba urimo nibura 60% by'alcool.
• Ambara agapfukamunwa mu maso iyo uri mu cyumba hamwe n'abandi bantu.
• Upfuke umunwa n'amazuru ukoresheje agatambaro mu gihe ukorora cyangwa witsamuye. Shyira agatambaro kakoreshejwe mu gikapu gifunze hanyuma wongere woge intoki zawe.
• Hamagara muganga wawe mbere yo kujya kumureba umubwire ko ushobora kuba ufite MERS kugira ngo bafate ingamba zikenewe zo kwirinda.
• Urugero, niba ibimenyetso byawe birushaho kwiyongera, niba ufite ikibazo cyo guhumeka gikomeje kwiyongera, hamagara muganga wawe ako kanya.

Ni ryari ibikorwa bisanzwe bishobora kongera gukorwa?

Niba wumva umeze neza ubu, ganira na muganga wawe igihe ushobora gusubira mu mirimo isanzwe. Ishami ry'ubuzima ryo mu gace utuyemo cyangwa ishami ry'ubuzima ryo mu ntara rizaguha ubuyobozi bw'igihe ugomba kumara mu rugo kugira ngo wirinde kwanduzanya MERS ku bandi. Ibi akenshi biba kugeza igihe ibimenyetso byawe birangiye kandi ukaba waranduye virusi.

Ni gute wakwirinda MERS? (Uburyo bwo kwirinda)

Kugeza ubu nta rukingo rwa MERS ruhari. Uburyo bwo kwirinda MERS ahanini ni bumwe n’ubwo ku zindi ndwara zose z’ubuhumekero:

• Buri gihe karaba intoki zawe neza n'isabune. Menya neza ko ukarabye intoki zawe nyuma yo gusohoka, mbere yo kurya, na nyuma yo kuva mu bwiherero.
• Mu gihe ukorora cyangwa witsamura, pfuka umunwa wawe n'amazuru ukoresheje agatambaro cyangwa imbere mu nkokora yawe.
• Irinde gukorakora ku maso, ku mazuru no ku munwa ukoresheje amaboko yawe uko bishoboka kose.
• Irinde kwegerana n'abantu barwaye.
• Sukura ahantu hakunze gukoreshwa (ibifunga by'inzugi, ameza, telefoni) kandi ukoreshe imiti yica udukoko.

Kugira ngo wirinde kwandura MERS, cyane cyane ituruka ku ngamiya, kora ibi bikurikira (ku bagana ibihugu nk'u Burasirazuba bwo Hagati):

• Menya neza ko wogeye intoki nyuma yo gufata ingamiya. Irinde ko byagenda uko byagenda kose kugira ngo ihure n'ingamiya zirwaye.
• Irinde kurya amata y'ingamiya adafite pasteur n'inyama z'ingamiya zidatetse neza.
• Niba ufite indwara idakira (urugero: diyabete, indwara y'umutima), cyangwa ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budakomeye, irinde kujya ahantu hari ingamiya cyangwa guhura n'ingamiya.

Ni gute wakwirinda mu gihe wita ku muntu urwaye MERS?

Niba ubana cyangwa wita ku muntu urwaye MERS, abashinzwe ubuzima bakugira inama yo gufata ingamba z'inyongera:

• Menya neza ko wambaye agapfukamunwa, ikanzu, n'uturindantoki mu gihe ukoze ku mazi yo mu mubiri w'uwo muntu (urugero: amatembabuzi, amacandwe) cyangwa ibintu bisohoka mu mubiri we.
• Ambara uturindantoki mu gihe woza amasahani, amasume, ibiryamirwa, n'imyenda. Karaba ukwayo utandukanye n'iby'abandi. Karaba intoki zawe neza nyuma yo gukuramo uturindantoki.

Bigenda bite iyo MERS ibaye? (Ibisobanuro ku ndwara)

Niba utarajya muri Arabiya, cyangwa niba waragiyeyo kandi ukaba utarahuye n'umuntu ufite ibimenyetso byayo, amahirwe yawe yo kurwara MERS ni make cyane. Ntugahangayike.

Ariko, iyo urwaye MERS, uba ufite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara ikomeye, cyane cyane niba ufite izindi ngorane z’ubuzima nk'uko byavuzwe mbere. Muganga wawe azagukurikiranira hafi kandi agufashe mu kwita ku bimenyetso byawe.

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?

Niba ufite ibimenyetso bya MERS (umuriro, inkorora, guhumeka bigoranye) kandi ukaba utekereza ko ushobora kuba warahuye na virusi ya MERS-CoV (urugero, uherutse kujya mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, wahuye n'umuntu wahuye na yo, wahuye n'ingamiya), ugomba guhita ubonana na muganga.

Ibimenyetso bya MERS bishobora kuba bikomeye cyane kandi bikangiza ubuzima. Rero, niba ibimenyetso byawe birushijeho gukomera, hamagara muganga wawe cyangwa ujye kwa muganga vuba vuba.

Ibintu dukwiye kwibuka muri iyi nkuru (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Noneho rero, hari ibintu bike tugomba kwibuka muri iyi nkuru ndende:

• MERS ni indwara idasanzwe ariko ishobora kuba ikomeye mu buhumekero. Ntabwo bishoboka ko yandura umuntu udafite urugendo rwo kujya mu gace k'Abarabu cyangwa ngo ahure n'umuntu wagiyeyo kandi afite ibimenyetso by'indwara.
• Niba uteganya gusura akarere ka Arabiya, menya neza ko ukora isuku y'ibanze. Karaba intoki zawe kenshi, wirinde gukora ku maso, kandi witondere ingamiya. Irinde amata y'ingamiya n'inyama z'ingamiya zidatetse neza.
• Niba ukeka ko ufite MERS, hamagara muganga ako kanya. Bashobora gukora ibizamini bikenewe bakaguha ubuyobozi bw'uburyo bwo gucunga iyi ndwara no kuyirinda ko yakwirakwira mu bandi.
• Ubumenyi ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda. Kumenya izi ndwara bidufasha kwirinda.

Rero, ndizera ko aya makuru azakugirira akamaro. Komeza ugire ubuzima bwiza!

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