Ese nawe wumva ufite intege nke? Wenda iyi ni indwara yitwa myopathy!

Ese hari igihe wumva amaguru yawe afite intege nke kandi ananiwe? Ese bikugora gukora ibintu byoroshye nko guhaguruka ku ntebe, guterura ikintu kiremereye, cyangwa gusokoza umusatsi wawe? Niba wumva imitsi yawe irimo gucika intege nta mpamvu igaragara, ntubifate nk'ibisanzwe. Ahari impamvu y'ibi bimenyetso ni indwara yitwa 'myopathy', tugiye kuvugaho uyu munsi. Ntugahangayike, tuzabivugaho mu buryo bworoshye ushobora gusobanukirwa.

Myopathy ni iki? Mu magambo make...

Mu magambo make, indwara ya Myopathy ni itsinda ry'indwara zigira ingaruka ku mitsi ifatanye n'amagufwa yacu. Izi ndwara zangiza imitsi yacu ikanayica intege. Nk'uko moteri y'imodoka icika intege, kuyitwara biragorana, iyo imitsi icitse intege, umubiri wacu uragorana gukora imirimo ya buri munsi.

Ese hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa myopathy?

Yego, indwara za myopathies zishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bitandukanye. Zigabanyijemo ibice bibiri: indwara za myopathies zikomoka ku ruhu n'izikomoka ku ruhu . Reka turebe buri bwoko muri ubu bwoko.

Ni iki kizwi nka Inherited Myopathies?

Ubu ni ubwoko bwa myopathy buterwa no kuragwa ihinduka ry’uturemangingo ridasanzwe riba mu mubiri wacu igihe tuvuka, akenshi riva kuri ba nyina cyangwa ba data.

• Indwara zo mu nda zivukana:

Ibimenyetso bikunze gutangira umuntu akivuka cyangwa akiri umwana muto. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe bishobora kugaragara mu bwana cyangwa nyuma yaho. Ikintu kidasanzwe muri ubu bwoko bw'indwara ni uko intege nke zidagarukira gusa ku mitsi iri hafi y'umubiri rwagati, ahubwo zishobora kugira ingaruka ku mitsi y'umubiri wose, kandi indwara akenshi ntikura.

• Indwara za Mitochondria:

Uturemangingo twacu dufite inganda nto zitwa mitochondria zikora ingufu. Ubu bwoko bwa myopathy buterwa n'inenge iri muri izi mitochondria. Uretse intege nke z'imitsi, izi ndwara zishobora no kugira ingaruka ku zindi ngingo, nk'umutima, ubwonko, n'urusobe rw'igifu. Zishobora kuvuka bitewe n'impinduka mu miterere y'uturemangingo, haba hari amateka y'umuryango cyangwa atari yo.

• Indwara za myopathie mu mikorere y'umubiri:

Iyi myopathy iterwa n'ubusembwa mu turemangingo dukora imisemburo ifasha imitsi gukora no kugenda neza. Ishobora gutera umunaniro mu gihe cy'imyitozo ngororamubiri, ububabare mu bitugu no mu bibero mu gihe cy'imyitozo ngororamubiri, cyangwa indwara yitwa rhabdomyolysis, aho imitsi icika intege idakomeretse. Hari igihe ibimenyetso bishobora kuza bigashira, imitsi igacika intege hanyuma igasubira uko bisanzwe.

• Kurwara kw'imitsi:

Muri ibi bihe, imitsi iracika intege buhoro buhoro kandi igacika intege bitewe n’uko poroteyine zikenewe mu mitsi zidafite imiterere ikwiye cyangwa ibura. Muri buri gihe, amaboko n’amaguru bigerwaho ku rugero rutandukanye. Hari igihe imitsi y’amaso cyangwa iy’isura ishobora no kugira ingaruka.

Ni iki kivugwa mu ndwara ya myopathie (acquired myopathies)?

Ubu ni ubwoko bwa myopathies bukura mu myaka ya za bukuru. Bushobora guterwa n'ibintu bitandukanye, harimo izindi ndwara, indwara zandura, imiti imwe n'imwe, ndetse n'ihindagurika ry'amashanyarazi mu mubiri.

• Indwara ya autoimmune/inflammatory myopathy:

Ikiba muri ibi ni uko ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu bwibasira imitsi yacu. Ingaruka zabyo ni uko imikorere y'imitsi ihungabana. Ni nk'aho ubwirinzi bwacu bwibasira ubwabwo.

• Myopathy y'uburozi:

Iyi ndwara ibaho iyo uburozi cyangwa umuti bibangamiye imiterere cyangwa imikorere y'imitsi.

• Uburozi: Inzoga, toluene (ikintu gihinduka umwuka gikunze kugaragara mu bintu nk'irangi bamwe bahumeka kugira ngo basinde).
• Imiti: Imiti igabanya ubukana bw'umubiri ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara (urugero: pembrolizumab, nivolumab), corticosteroids (urugero: prednisone), imiti igabanya cholesterol (statins), amiodarone, colchicine, chloroquine, imiti igabanya ubukana bw'imiti igabanya ubukana bw'umubiri n'imiti igabanya ubukana bw'agakoko gatera SIDA, omeprazole.

• Indwara za myopathie zo mu misemburo:

Iyi ndwara ibaho iyo imisemburo mu mubiri wacu igira ingaruka ku mitsi.

• Imisemburo ya tiroyide: Nubwo urugero rw'imisemburo ya tiroyide (hypothyroidism) ari rwo rukunze kugaragara, ibibazo bishobora no kubaho bitewe n'urugero rw'imisemburo ya tiroyide (hyperthyroidism).
• Parathyroid gland: Hyperparathyroidism itera kwiyongera kwa kalisiyumu mu maraso.
• Indwara ya Adrenal: `Indwara ya Addison` na `Indwara ya Cushing`.

• Indwara zandura zo mu bwonko:

Indwara zitandukanye zishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y'imitsi.

• Kwandura virusi: `VIH`, `grippe`, `Epstein-Barr`.
• Indwara za bagiteri: `bacterial pyomyositis`.
• `Indwara ya Lyme`.
• Indwara zandurira mu mitsi: `trichinose`, `toxoplasmosis`, `cysticercosis`.
• Indwara za fungus: Candida, Coccidiomycosis.

• Ubusumbane bwa electrolyte:

Ubwiyongere cyangwa igabanuka ry'urugero rumwe rw'ibintu by'ingenzi mu mubiri wacu bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y'imitsi.

• Potasiyumu: yagabanutse (`hypokalemia`), yiyongera (`hyperkalemia`).
• Manyeziyumu: Yiyongera (`Hypermagnesemia`).

• Indwara ikomeye ya myopathy mu cyumba cy’indembe:

Iyi ni indwara igira ingaruka ku maguru n'imitsi yo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero ku bantu barwaye cyane kandi bavurirwa mu cyumba cy'indembe (ICU) . Ishobora guterwa no kunanirwa kugenda igihe kirekire cyangwa gukoresha imiti igabanya imitsi, imiti ya corticosteroid, n'ibinini bisinziriza bikoreshwa mu gihe cyo kuvurwa.

Ni nde ufite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara indwara ya myopathy? Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara ku rugero rungana iki?

Mu by’ukuri indwara ya myopathy ishobora kwandurira umuntu uwo ari we wese, ariko hari abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kuyirwara.

Ibintu bishobora kongera ibyago:

• Niba hari umuntu mu muryango ufite indwara ya myopathy, hari amahirwe menshi yo kurwara iyi ndwara mu buryo bw'uturemangingo.
• Kuba umugabo. Hari ubwoko bumwe bwa myopathy bwanduzwa binyuze muri chromosome X, bityo bushobora kugira ingaruka ku bagabo kurusha abagore. Ariko, ubwoko bwa myopathy bwanduzwa binyuze mu zindi chromosomes bugira ingaruka kuri bose kimwe.
• Kugira indwara y’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri, indwara y’imikorere y’umubiri, cyangwa indwara y’imisemburo.
• Guhura n'imiti cyangwa uburozi bumwe na bumwe (reba igice kivuga ku ndwara ya myopathy twavuze mbere).

Ubusanzwe indwara ya myopathy iratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bwayo. Urugero, myopathy ikura mu myaka yashize:

• Indwara zo kubyimba no kuvura indwara zo mu misemburo y'amaraso zikunze kugaragara kurusha izindi, kandi zikunze kugaragara ku bagore kurusha ku bagabo.
• Hagati y’abantu 9 na 32 kuri buri 100.000 barwaye indwara yo kubyimba kw’imitsi.
• Hagati ya 25% na 79% by'abantu bakuru bafite hypothyroidism bashobora kugira ibimenyetso bifitanye isano n'imitsi, ariko umubare w'abantu barwaye myopathy ugaragara ushobora kuba uri hasi cyane kugeza kuri 10%.

Indwara zo mu nda zikunze kugaragara cyane ni indwara yo mu mitsi, akenshi ikunze kugaragara ku bagabo.

• Indwara ya Duchenne na Becker's muscular dystrophies ni zo zikunze kugaragara cyane, zikaba zifata abantu bagera kuri 7 ku bantu 100.000 ku isi.
• Indwara za Mitochondria zifata umuntu umwe ku bantu 5.000, kandi inyinshi muri zo zigira ingaruka ku mitsi y'amagufwa.
• Ubundi bwoko bwa myopathies yavutsemo ni gake cyane.

None se, ibimenyetso bya myopathy ni ibihe?

Ubwoko bwinshi bwa myopathy bufite ibimenyetso byinshi bikunze kugaragara. Ibi ni ibi bikurikira:

• Intege nke z'imitsi.Cyane cyane imitsi yo mu bitugu, amaboko yo hejuru, n'amatako (iyi ni yo yibasirwa cyane kandi ikomeye cyane).
• Kubabara imitsi, kunanuka no kubabara mu mitsi.
• Kumva unaniwe vuba iyo uri gukora siporo cyangwa ugakora akazi gato.
• Kumva nta buzima mfite kandi nta mbaraga mfite.

Mu by'ukuri, myopathy yumva imeze ite?

Mu ndwara nyinshi za myopathies, imitsi yo ku mpande zombi z'umubiri (symmetrical) iracika intege kimwe. Imitsi yegereye hagati y'umubiri (imitsi yo hafi), nko ku bitugu, amaboko yo hejuru, ikibuno, n'amatako, irafatwa cyane cyane. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ushobora kugira ibimenyetso nka:

• Kugorwa no gukora imirimo ya buri munsi, nko koga, kwambara no gusokoza umusatsi.
• Kugorwa no guhaguruka ku ntebe, kuzamuka ingazi, cyangwa gukora imirimo isaba kugera hejuru y'umutwe wawe (urugero: guhindura itara riri hejuru y'igisenge).
• Kumva imitsi irimo kunyeganyega no kunyeganyega.
• Imitsi inanirwa vuba iyo iri mu gikorwa runaka.
• Kugorwa no guhumeka mu gihe cy'imyitozo ngororamubiri.

Ubusanzwe ntibigira ingaruka ku mitsi y'intoki n'ibirenge.

Ibindi bimenyetso biratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bwa myopathy.

• Ubukene bw'imitsi bushobora kuba buhoraho (budatera imbere) cyangwa bugakomeza buhoro buhoro. Mu ndwara zimwe na zimwe, intege nke z'imitsi zishobora kuza zigashira, mu gihe mu bindi bihe hashobora kubaho imbaraga zisanzwe.
• Kudindira kw'iterambere ry'ubushobozi bwo kugenda mu mubiri (urugero: kugenda, gusimbuka, kuzamuka ingazi, gufata ikiyiko cyangwa ikaramu) ku bana bato.
• Kudashobora kugendana n'abandi bana mu gihe bakina siporo cyangwa bakina hanze (urugero, gukina bareba).
• Ibibazo ku mitsi ifasha mu kumira no kuvuga. Ibi bishobora gutuma ibiryo bihagarara ndetse n'amagambo akavuga nabi.

Ni iki nakora mu gihe nkeka ko mfite indwara ya myopathy?

Niba ufite ibi bimenyetso, ugomba kubanza kuvugana na muganga wawe w’ibanze. Bitewe n’ibimenyetso ufite, ashobora kukwohereza kwa muganga w’inzobere, nka muganga w’indwara z’ubwonko cyangwa rubagimpande.

Ni gute indwara ya myopathy ipimwa?

Muganga wawe azakubaza amateka y'ubuzima bwawe, niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe wigeze kugira ibibazo nk'ibyo, imiti ufata, n'ibimenyetso byawe. Hanyuma azagusuzuma. Azasuzuma uruhu rwawe, imbaraga z'imitsi, kuringaniza imiterere y'umubiri wawe, n'uko wumva umerewe.

Ubwoko bw'ibizamini muganga ashobora gutumiza:

• Ibipimo by'amaraso:
• Mu ndwara zimwe na zimwe za myopathies, urugero rwa enzymes z'imitsi nka creatine kinase (CK) cyangwa aldolase rushobora kwiyongera bitewe no kwangirika kw'imitsi.
• Urugero rwa electrolyte nka sodium, manyeziyumu, potasiyumu, kalisiyumu, na fosifore.
• Ibizamini by’indwara ziterwa n’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri: Urugero, `Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA), `Rheumatoid Factor', `Sedimentation Rate' na `C-reactive protein'.
• Ibipimo by'imisemburo y'amaraso: urugero, urugero rw'imisemburo ya tiroyide.
• Inyigo za Electromyography (EMG) n'inyigo zo kuyobora imitsi: Ibi bizamini bipima ubwoko n'ingano y'ibyangiritse by'imitsi bipima uburyo amashanyarazi anyura mu mitsi no gushyira utuntu duto mu mitsi.
• Ikizamini cya MRI (imaging resonance imaging) cy'imitsi .
• Ibipimo by'uturemangingo.
• Bisipo y'imitsi: Ibi bikubiyemo kubagwa no gukuraho agace gato k'imitsi kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu isuzuma.

Indwara ya myopathy ivurwa ite?

Iyo ubwoko nyabwo bwa myopathy ufite bumaze kumenyekana, muganga wawe azategura gahunda yo kuvura ijyanye n'ibimenyetso byawe.

Uburyo bwinshi bwo kuvura burimo ubuvuzi bw'umubiri, ubuvuzi bw'akazi, n'ubundi buryo bwo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri . Ubundi buryo bwo kuvura bushingiye ku bwoko bwa myopathy. Muri rusange, indwara nyinshi za myopathies zishobora gukemurwa neza, bigabanye intege nke n'ibimenyetso. Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe za myopathies zivukana zifite uburyo bwihariye bwo kuvura bushobora kugabanya ikwirakwira ry'indwara. Muri iki gihe, nta buryo bwihariye bwo kuvura indwara nyinshi za myopathies zivukana, ariko ubuvuzi bw'umubiri n'ubundi buryo bumwe na bumwe bwo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri bushobora gufasha.

Myopathies ziterwa no kubyimba no kwirema kw'umubiri ziterwa n'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri

Intego yo kuvura ibi ni ukugabanya ububyimbirwe n'ingaruka z'umubiri ku bushobozi bwo kwirinda indwara. Uburyo busanzwe bwo kuvura ibi bibazo birimo:

• Imiti igabanya ubukana bw'umubiri/igabanya ubukana bw'umubiri: Urugero, methotrexate, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, azathioprine, mycophenolate, rituximab, na immunoglobulin iterwa mu mitsi (IVIg) cyangwa munsi y'umubiri (SubQIg).
• `Corticosteroids`: Urugero `prednisone` cyangwa `methylprednisolone`.

Myopathies z'urubyaro n'iz'uruhererekane rw'uturemangingo

Indwara nyinshi zo mu maraso n'iz'uturemangingo nta muti wihariye cyangwa ngo zikire burundu.Uburyo bwo kuvura bukorwa ahanini binyuze mu kugenzura ibimenyetso no kuvura indwara zitandukanye. Hari igeragezwa ry’ubuvuzi rikorwa mu nzego zitandukanye z’ubushakashatsi ku bijyanye no kuvura no kuvura indwara zishingiye ku ngirabuzimafatizo.

Indwara zitwa Duchenne muscular dystrophy na Pompe disease zishobora kuvurwa hakoreshejwe imiti yihariye.

Izindi ndwara zo mu mutwe (myopathies) zabonetse

Abaganga bavura indwara ya myopathies iterwa n’imisemburo y’amaraso, uburozi, n’izindi ndwara zandura binyuze mu kuvura indwara y’ibanze yateye myopathy. Myopathies y’uburozi ivurwa no guhagarika ikintu kibitera (urugero: inzoga, toluene) cyangwa imiti (urugero: statines). Ibimenyetso by’imitsi biterwa na bagiteri, virusi, cyangwa izindi ndwara zitera indwara akenshi birarushaho kwiyongera iyo ubwandu buvuwe hakoreshejwe imiti yica udukoko.

Ni gute nakwita ku buzima bwanjye?

Kwaba indwara ya myopathy ari indwara ivukanwa, ivukanwa, cyangwa indwara y’igihe kirekire (idakira), hari ibintu ushobora gukora kugira ngo ukomeze ubuzima bwawe no gucunga iyo ndwara. Ibi birimo:

• Kurya indyo yuzuye kandi yuzuye. Shyiramo imbuto n'imboga nyinshi zitandukanye mu mirire yawe.
• Komeza gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri yoroheje y’umutima n’imitsi. Bitewe n’ubwoko bw’indwara ya myopathy ufite, ushobora kugirwa inama yo kudakora ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwo guterura ibiremereye. Bityo rero, ganira na muganga wawe mbere yo gutangira gahunda iyo ari yo yose yo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri.
• Komeza kugira ibiro bizima.
• Niba ufite uduheri ku ruhu duterwa na dermatomyositis, rinda uruhu rwawe izuba. Ibi bishobora gutuma uduheri twiyongera. Ambara imyenda yo kwirinda n'ingofero igihe cyose bishoboka. Ntukibagirwe kwisiga amavuta yo kwisiga afite nibura SPF 30 mbere yo kujya hanze.
• Niba ugorwa no kumira, rya ibiryo byoroshye cyangwa bikomeye. Ushobora kandi gukaraba ibiryo byawe. Niba uri umuntu uhora ku buriri, fungura wicaye ku buriri.
• Fata imiti yose yandikiwe na muganga ku gihe.
• Niba hari uburyo bwo kuvura nk'ubuvuzi bw'umubiri, ubuvuzi bw'akazi, cyangwa ubuvuzi bwo kuvuga, jya muri ubwo buryo.

Wibuke ko kubera ko hari ubwoko bwinshi bwa myopathy, muganga wawe azagomba gutegura gahunda y'ubuvuzi yihariye ku bwoko bwa myopathy yawe n'ibimenyetso byawe. Ni ngombwa rero gukurikiza amabwiriza ye neza. Nanone, witondere umubiri wawe. Reba impinduka iyo ari yo yose mu miterere yawe cyangwa ubukana bw'ibimenyetso byawe. Reba muganga wawe ku gihe gisanzwe (cyangwa vuba niba ubonye impinduka). Muri ubu buryo, ushobora guhindura gahunda yawe y'ubuvuzi ako kanya ibimenyetso bikimara kugaragara.

Amaherezo, ibintu by'ingenzi cyane ugomba kwibuka

Myopathy si ikintu cyo gutinya, ariko si ikibazo cyo kwirengagiza.

• Niba uhora ugira intege nke mu mitsi, ububabare, cyangwa umunaniro, menya neza ko wagiye kwa muganga.
• Hari ubwoko bwinshi bwa myopathy, bityo gusuzuma neza ni ingenzi cyane.
• Hari uburyo bwo kuvura no kuvura ubwoko bwinshi bwa myopathy.
• Ukurikije amabwiriza ya muganga wawe, ufata imiti wandikiwe, kandi ukabaho ubuzima bwiza, ushobora kubaho ubuzima bwiza ufite iyi ndwara.

Ndizera ko aya makuru azagufasha. Niba ufite ibindi bibazo, ntutinye kuvugana na muganga igihe icyo ari cyo cyose.

Myopathy , intege nke z'imitsi, ububabare bw'imitsi, indwara z'uturemangingo, indwara ziterwa n'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri, ibimenyetso by'imitsi, uburyo bwo kuvura myopathy