Mu gihe usoma ibi, amaso yawe arimo kugenda hirya no hino, intoki zawe ziri kuri telefoni yawe cyangwa kuri souris yawe, uri guhumeka... Ese wigeze utekereza ku mbaraga zikomeye ziri inyuma y'ibi byose? Ni cyo 'gice cy'ingenzi cy'umubiri wacu', ni ukuvuga uburyo bwo kugabanya imitsi. Uyu munsi, reka tuvuge kuri ubu buryo butangaje mu buryo bworoshye kandi bwuje urugwiro. Kimwe no kuvugana n'inshuti, atari nk'uko bivugwa mu gitabo, ahubwo mu rurimi rwumvikana rwa Sinhala.
Mu magambo make, iyi mitsi ni iki?
Tekereza umubiri wawe nk'ikigo kinini. Icyicaro gikuru cy'iyo sosiyete ni sisitemu y'imitsi. Aha niho hategeka kandi hagagenzura buri kintu cyose kiri mu mubiri wose. Iki kigo gikuru kigizwe n'ibice bitatu by'ingenzi: ubwonko, uruti rw'umugongo, n'imitsi .
Iyi sisitemu ikora nk'umuyoboro wa telefoni. Yohereza ubutumwa, cyangwa ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi, hagati y'ubwonko n'ibindi bice byose by'umubiri. Ibi bimenyetso bikubwira guhumeka, kwimura ingingo zawe, kuvuga, no kubona ibintu. Si ibyo gusa, ahubwo ihora ikusanya amakuru yerekeye ibiri kuba imbere n'inyuma y'umubiri wawe, igafata icyemezo cy'uko wabyitwaramo.
Ntabwo igenzura gusa ibyo ukora ubizi neza, ahubwo inagenzura n'ibyo ukora ubizi neza. Tekereza ku bintu nko guhumeka, kubira ibyuya no guhumeka iyo wumva ufite isoni. Ntitubitegeka, bibaho mu buryo bwikora. Uturemangingo tw'imitsi yacu ni two turi inyuma y'ibi byose.
Ni iyihe serivisi sisitemu y'imitsi ikorera umubiri wacu?
Imirimo ikora ni minini cyane. Iy'ingenzi ni ugutwara ubutumwa buva mu bice bitandukanye by'umubiri bujya mu bwonko no mu bwonko bujya mu mubiri. Reka turebe zimwe mu nshingano z'ingenzi.
| Ubwoko bw'akazi | Ingero |
|---|---|
| Igikorwa cyo mu mutwe | Gutekereza, kwibuka, kwiga ibintu bishya, kumva amarangamutima nk'ibyishimo n'agahinda. |
| Kugenzura ingendo | Kugenda, kwiruka, gufata ibintu no kugira uburinganire. |
| Imikorere y'ibyumviro | Ubwonko busobanura ibyo amaso abona, amatwi yumva, ururimi ruryoha, izuru rihumura, n'uruhu rukumva rukozeho. |
| Ibikorwa bitunguranye | Ibintu tudakora ku bushake, nko gutera k'umutima, guhumeka, igogora, no kubira ibyuya. |
| Izindi nzira mu mubiri | Ndetse n'ibikorwa nko gukira ibikomere, kugena uburyo bwo gusinzira, ubugimbi n'ubwangavu, no gusaza bigira uruhare mu kugenzura. |
Noneho reka turebe uko iyi sisitemu ikora.
Iyi sisitemu yose ikora ikoresheje ubwoko bwihariye bw'uturemangingo twitwa neuron . Izi ni nk'insinga z'amashanyarazi mu mibiri yacu. Izi neuron ni zo zitwara ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi (ubutumwa) mu mubiri wose. Izi butumwa ziva mu bwonko zikagera ku ruhu, ku ngingo z'imbere, no ku mitsi.
Tekereza amaso yawe, amatwi yawe, amazuru yawe, ururimi rwawe, n'uruhu rwawe nk'ibikoresho bikusanya amakuru aturutse mu bidukikije. Amakuru yakusanyijwe n'ibi bikoresho yoherezwa mu bwonko binyuze mu mitsi (neurons). Ubwonko busesengura ayo makuru, bugafata icyemezo cy'icyo gukora, hanyuma bugasubiza ubutumwa binyuze mu mitsi bugana ku rugingo cyangwa imitsi bireba.
Hari ubwoko butatu bw'ingenzi bwa neuron, buri bumwe bufite akazi gatandukanye.
| Ubwoko bw'imitsi | Inshingano n'urugero |
|---|---|
| Utunyangingo tw'ingirabuzimafatizo (Motor Neurons) | Ibi bitwara ibimenyetso bivuye mu bwonko no mu ruti rw'umugongo bikajyana mu mitsi. Muri make, bifite itegeko "kora". Urugero: Izi neuron zitegeka imitsi yo mu kiganza cyawe gufata ikirahure cy'amazi. |
| Uturemangingo tw'Ubwenge (Neurons) | Ibi bikusanya amakuru aturuka mu byumviro (nk'amaso, amatwi, n'uruhu) bikayajyana mu bwonko. Bibwira ubwonko icyo "bumva". Urugero: Izi nyuroni zohereza ubutumwa mu bwonko ko ikirahure cy'amazi ufite gikonje. |
| Interneuron | Izi ni zo nterahamwe zitumanaho hagati y’imitsi y’ubwonko n’iy’ubwonko bw’ibyumviro, zikadufasha gufata ibyemezo byihuse dushingiye ku makuru tubona. Urugero: Iyo ukoze ku kintu gishyushye ku bushake, ubutumwa bw'ibyumviro bukimara kugera ko gishyushye, ubwo buryo bw'imitsi buhita butuma ubutumwa bw'imashini bukubwira gukuraho ikiganza cyawe. |
Hari ibice bibiri by'ingenzi by'urusobe rw'imitsi
Nkuko twabivuze mbere, urashobora gutekereza ko uturemangingo tw’imitsi yacu ari igiti. Igiti ni cyo gice cy’ingenzi cy’igiti. Amashami ni ibindi bice.
Uturemangingo tw’imitsi yacu tumeze nk’igiti. Ubwonko n’umugongo ni igiti cy’igiti. Imitsi iva kuri cyo ni amashami y’igiti. Ayo mashami akwirakwira mu mubiri wose.
Bityo, sisitemu y'imitsi igabanyijemo ibice bibiri by'ingenzi.
1. Uturemangingo tw’imitsi yo hagati (CNS): Iki ni icyicaro cyacu. Kigizwe n’ubwonko n’umugongo . Gisoma kandi kigasobanukirwa ubutumwa bwose buje, kandi kigafata ibyemezo.
2. Sisitemu y'imitsi yo mu gice cy'imbere (PNS): Iyi ni 'umuyoboro w'itumanaho'. Irimo imitsi yose iva kuri sisitemu yo hagati y'imitsi (CNS) igera ku gice cy'umubiri cyose - kugeza ku maboko, amaguru, intoki, ingingo z'imbere - kandi itwara amabwiriza ava kuri CNS ijya ku mubiri wose, kandi itwara amakuru ava ku mubiri ajya kuri CNS.
Iyi sisitemu y'imitsi yo mu gice cy'imbere (PNS) igabanyijemo ibice bibiri:
- Udutsiko tw'imitsi two mu mutwe: Ibi nibyo bigenzura ingendo zacu z'ubwenge n'iz'ubushake, nko kugenda, kuzamura ukuboko, no kuvuga.
- Ubushobozi bw'imitsi bwo kwigenga: Ibi bigenzura ibintu tudakora tubigambiriye, nko gutera umutima, guhumeka, no gusya.
Ni izihe ndwara zikunze kwibasira uturemangingo tw'imitsi?
Ikibabaje ni uko hari indwara nyinshi zishobora kugira ingaruka kuri ubwo buryo bw'ingenzi. Zimwe muri zo ni izi:
- Indwara ya Alzheimer
- Kanseri (cyane cyane mu bwonko cyangwa mu ruti rw'umugongo)
- Indwara yo mu bwonko
- Indwara y'igicuri
- Indwara ya Huntington
- Indwara zandurira mu maraso, urugero nka meningitis
- Indwara ya Parkinson
- Igisebe cy'imitsi
- Ihungabana ry'ubwonko
Ibimenyetso bigaragaza ikibazo cy'imitsi
Nubwo ibimenyetso by'indwara y'imitsi bitandukanye bitewe n'indwara, hari ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe biboneka.
- Impinduka mu ngendo no kuringaniza (kugorwa no kugenda, kumva ibintu bisa n'aho birimo gusenyuka)
- Gutakaza cyangwa kugabanuka k'ubwonko
- Ububabare, ibinya, cyangwa udushinge
- Impinduka zitunguranye mu myitwarire no mu byiyumvo
- Kugorwa no gutekereza no gushishoza
- Indwara zo mu mutwe
Witondere cyane ibi bintu!
Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe, cyane cyane nk'indwara yo mu bwonko, ni ubutabazi bwihutirwa busaba ubuvuzi bwihuse. Niba wowe cyangwa undi muntu uzi agize kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso bikurikira, jya ku bitaro bikuru byita ku butabazi bwihuse (ETU) cyangwa uhamagare serivisi y'imbangukiragutabara kuri 1990.
- Uburemere bw'imitsi cyangwa ibinure ku ruhande rumwe rw'umubiri.
- Gutakaza cyangwa kutabona neza mu buryo butunguranye.
- Imvugo idasobanutse neza.
- Urujijo rutunguranye.
Ibizamini bigenzura ubuzima bw'imitsi
Mu gihe muganga wawe akeka ko hari ikibazo mu mitsi, ashobora gukora ibizamini bitandukanye kugira ngo abyemeze.
- Gupima CT (CT scan) (computed tomography - CT scan)
- ECG (Electrocardiogram - ECG cyangwa EKG) - Reba uko umutima utera
- EEG (Electroencephalogram - EEG) - Reba imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'ubwonko
- Gutobora amaguru mu gituza (gutobora amaguru mu gituza / gutobora amaguru mu mugongo) - reba amazi ari mu gituza
- Gupima MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging - MRI scans) - kubona amashusho asobanutse neza y'ubwonko n'umugongo
Ni gute twakomeza kubungabunga uburyo bwo kongerera imitsi yacu ubuzima?
Tugomba kwita kuri gahunda y'agaciro nk'iyi. Hari ibintu bike byoroshye twakora kugira ngo bidufashe.
- Ubuzima bwiza: Kurya indyo yuzuye. Shyiramo imboga, imbuto, na poroteyine zidafite ibinure mu ndyo yawe. Siporo buri gihe.
- Irinde ibintu byangiza: Kunywa itabi no kunywa inzoga nyinshi bishobora kwangiza ubwonko mu buryo butaziguye.
- Komeza kwirinda: Ambara ibikoresho byo kwirinda nk'ingofero mu gihe ukina siporo cyangwa utwaye moto. Ni ingenzi cyane kwirinda imvune zo mu mutwe.
- Genzura izindi ndwara: Niba ufite indwara nka diyabete cyangwa umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, zigenzure neza, kuko izi ndwara zishobora no kwangiza imitsi.
- Kwisuzumisha kwa muganga buri gihe: Iyo hari ikibazo, ni ngombwa gushaka inama za muganga buri gihe kugira ngo ukimenye hakiri kare.
Uturemangingo tw’imitsi yawe ni cyo kintu gikurura umubiri wawe. Kugira ngo ukomeze kugira ubuzima bwiza ni ingenzi ku buzima bwawe muri rusange. Niba ubu buryo bwagizweho ingaruka n’ubwandu, impanuka, cyangwa indi ndwara, ntugatinye ujye kwa muganga ako kanya.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Uturemangingo tw’imitsi ni cyo gice cy’ingenzi cy’umubiri wawe kigenzura, kigizwe n’ubwonko bwawe, uruti rw’umugongo n’imitsi.
- Iyi sisitemu igenzura ibintu ukora ubyitondeye, ndetse n'ibintu bibaho mu buryo bwikora, nko gutera k'umutima no guhumeka.
- Uturemangingo tw’imitsi dufite ibice bibiri by’ingenzi: uturemangingo tw’imitsi two hagati (CNS) n’utw’imitsi yo mu gice cy’imbere (PNS).
- Ntukirengagize ibimenyetso bikomeye nko gucika intege bitunguranye, kugorwa no kuvuga, cyangwa impinduka mu maso. Shaka ubufasha kwa muganga ako kanya.
- Ushobora gukomeza kugira ubuzima bwiza bw'imitsi yawe urya indyo yuzuye, ukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, kandi ukirinda impanuka.
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