Reka twige kuri iyi ndwara idasanzwe yitwa NTM (Infection Nontuberculous Mycobacteria)

Twese twumva inkuru z’ubwandu bwa bagiteri buri gihe. Ariko hari ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa bagiteri tudakunze kuvugaho cyane, ariko bushobora gutera ibibazo bimwe na bimwe by’ubuzima, cyane cyane ku bantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri budakomeye. Uyu munsi, tugiye kuvuga ku itsinda rya bagiteri zisanzwe ziba mu bidukikije, ariko rimwe na rimwe zikinjira mu mibiri yacu zigatera ubwandu.

Iyi NTM ni iki?

Mu magambo make, NTM ni incamake ya Nontuberculous Mycobacteria . Iri ni itsinda rya bagiteri. Ushobora kuba warumvise igituntu n'ibibembe. NTM ni itsinda rya bagiteri za mycobacteria zifitanye isano na bagiteri zitera izo ndwara, ariko ntizitera izo ndwara zombi.

Izi bagiteri zishobora kuboneka hafi ya hose mu bidukikije. Ziba cyane cyane mu butaka, mu mukungugu no mu mazi. Akenshi, nubwo izi bagiteri zakwinjira mu mibiri yacu, ntabwo tuzarwara. Ariko, hari abantu bamwe, cyane cyane abafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budakomeye, bashobora kwandura.

Ni ibihe bice by'umubiri ubwandu bwa NTM bushobora kugira ingaruka?

• Ibihaha: Ubwoko bw'indwara zikunze kugaragara cyane ni indwara zifata ibihaha.
• Amaraso
• Amagufwa (mu magambo make, amagufwa)
• Utunyangingo tw'imitsi (lymph nodes)
• Uruhu n'ingingo zoroshye

Kenshi na kenshi, umuntu muzima ufite ubudahangarwa bwiza bw'umubiri ntakunze kurwara indwara hanze y'ibihaha. Ariko, ku muntu ufite ubudahangarwa budakomeye bw'umubiri, iyi ndwara ishobora gukwirakwira (gukwirakwira) mu mubiri wose.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ubwandu bwa NTM?

Hariho ibimenyetso byinshi bikunze kugaragara by’ubwandu bwa NTM. Ariko, kubera ko ibi bimenyetso bishobora no kugaragara mu zindi ndwara nyinshi, kuba ibi bimenyetso byonyine ntibisobanura ko umuntu yanduye NTM.

Ibintu bikunze kugaragara ni ibi bikurikira:

• Umuriro uratangiye
• Umunaniro
• Kugabanya ibiro
• Utudomo tw'imitsi tubyimbye

Uretse ibi bimenyetso bisanzwe, hari n'ibindi bimenyetso byihariye bishobora kugaragara bitewe n'aho ubwandu bwatangiriye. Reka turebere hamwe ibyo ari byo.

Ubu bwandu bwa NTM bubaho bute?

Nkuko twabivuze mbere, iyi bagiteri iri mu bidukikije, bityo hari uburyo butandukanye dushobora kuyinjiza mu mibiri yacu.

• Binyuze mu mazi: Mu kunywa, kwiyuhagira, cyangwa kwiyuhagira amazi arimo bagiteri za NTM.
• Mu guhumeka: Mu guhumeka bagiteri mu bidukikije. Ibi byago ni byinshi cyane cyane ku muntu usanzwe afite indwara y'ibihaha.
• Binyuze mu bikoresho by'ubuvuzi: Binyuze mu bikoresho bimwe na bimwe by'ubuvuzi byinjizwa mu mubiri (urugero, imiyoboro nk'umurongo wo hagati w'imitsi) cyangwa ibikoresho byo kubaga.
• Binyuze mu nshinge: Binyuze mu nshinge zanduye zikoreshwa mu gutera ibiyobyabwenge, gutera ibiyobyabwenge, cyangwa kwishushanyaho tatouage.

Ese ibi byandurira umuntu ku wundi?

Oya. Ubwandu bwa NTM ntibukunze kwandurirana kuva ku muntu umwe kugera ku wundi. Kubwibyo, ntabwo bufatwa nk'indwara yandura.

Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye kurusha abandi?

Nubwo iyi bagiteri ituzengurutse hose, si twese turwara. Ariko, hari abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura iyi ndwara.

Byongeye kandi, abagore bafite igipimo cyo hasi cy’uburemere bw’umubiri (BMI) n’izindi ndwara nka GERD (indwara ya aside reflux) na scoliosis bari mu kaga ko kwandura indwara za NTM zo mu bihaha.

Ubibona ute, Muganga?

Kubera ko ibimenyetso by'ubwandu bwa NTM bisa n'izindi ndwara, hakenewe ibizamini byinshi kugira ngo bisuzumwe neza. Muganga azakurikiza izi ntambwe:

1. Kubaza ibimenyetso byawe: Tuzagutega amatwi twitonze kugira ngo tumenye uko umerewe.

2. Gusuzuma amateka y'ubuzima bwawe: Kubaza izindi ndwara ufite n'imiti ufata.

3. Kutarwara izindi ndwara: Menya neza ko nta zindi ndwara zisanzwe cyangwa indwara ufite.

4. Ibizamini byihariye: Ikizamini cy'amaraso, icyitegererezo cy'ingingo, cyangwa amatembabuzi byoherezwa mu isuzuma rya laboratwari (`culture`) kugira ngo harebwe bagiteri ya NTM.

Ibipimo byo gusuzuma indwara

• X-ray yo mu gituza
• gupima CT (CT scan)
• Bronchoscopy: Uburyo bwo kohereza umuyoboro muto ufite kamera mu bihaha kugira ngo bisuzumwe.
• Gupima indwara: Gufata agace gato k'urugingo rw'umubiri mu gace kanduye kugira ngo gasuzumwe.
• Ikizamini cya bacilli idakoresha aside: Gupima bagiteri ya mycobacteria mu gipimo cy'amatembabuzi, amaraso, cyangwa ingingo.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura ibi?

Kuvura indwara za NTM ni inzira y'igihe kirekire. Ubusanzwe abaganga batanga ubwoko bubiri cyangwa butatu bwa antibiyotike . Iyi miti ishobora gukenera gufatwa mu gihe cy'amezi 12 kugira ngo ikure burundu indwara.

Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, kubagwa bishobora kuba ngombwa kugira ngo hakurweho ingingo zangiritse. Ku ndwara zo mu bihaha, imyitozo ngororamubiri yo guhumeka no kuvura indwara zifasha gukuraho amacandwe nabyo birasabwa.

Ese hari ingaruka mbi zikomoka ku buvuzi?

Yego. Gufata imiti igabanya ubukana igihe kirekire bishobora gutera ingaruka mbi. Kubwibyo, niba ubonye ibimenyetso bidasanzwe mugihe ufata imiti, ugomba kubimenyesha muganga wawe vuba.

Ingaruka mbi zishobora kubaho:

• Ubumuga bwo kutumva
• Impinduka mu cyerekezo
• Ubusumbane mu mikorere y'umutima (`syndrome ya Long QT`)
• Kwangirika k'umwijima cyangwa impyiko

Ni ryari ukwiye gushaka inama z'abaganga?

Niba ufite ikibazo cy'ibihaha, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budafite imbaraga, wabazwe, cyangwa washyizwemo igikoresho cy'ubuvuzi mu mubiri wawe, baza muganga wawe ibimenyetso bishobora kuba byakwandura. Niba ubonye ibimenyetso bikekwaho, ntutinde gushaka inama kwa muganga.

Ni ryari ugomba kujya mu Ishami ry’Ubuvuzi bw’Ingoboka (ETU)?

Niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso bikomeye bikurikira, jya kwa muganga wita ku barwayi ba ETU byihutirwa.

Ni gute nakwirinda iyi ndwara?

Niba ufite ikibazo cy'ibihaha cyangwa ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budafite imbaraga, ushobora kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura indwara ya NTM mu gihe wirinda ahantu hakunze kugaragara bagiteri za NTM.

• Irinde gukoresha ubwogero bushyushye: cyane cyane ubwo mu nzu, ahantu hafunze.
• Irinde imiti itera umwanda mu gihe cy'ubukonje: Gabanya ikoreshwa ry'imiti itera umwanda mu gihe cy'ubukonje ishobora guhumekwa.
• Witondere mu gihe ukoresha ubutaka: Ambara agapfukamunwa n'uturindantoki, cyane cyane mu gihe ukoresha ubutaka bwo mu gikoni.
• Irinde kwishushanyaho: Hari ibyago byo kwandura hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byanduye.

Ubwandu bwa NTM ni indwara idakunze kugaragara. Ariko iyo uyirwaye, gusuzuma no kuyivura bishobora gufata igihe. Rero ni ngombwa kwihangana. Fata imiti yawe nk'uko muganga wawe yabigutegetse, mu gihe cyose. Bwira muganga wawe ikibazo cyose uhura na cyo mu gihe cyo kuvurwa.