Ese muhora mugira ibitekerezo n'ibyiyumvo bimwe? Reka tuvuge kuri OCD (Indwara yo Kwiheba no Kwishyira mu mwanya w'abandi)!

Ese rimwe na rimwe ugira ibitekerezo bimwe kenshi? Cyangwa uhora ugenzura niba hari icyo wakoze cyangwa utakoze? Urugero, ibintu nko kuzimya ishyiga rya lisansi cyangwa gukinga urugi. Ibi ni ibintu twese dufite ku rugero runaka. Ariko kuri bamwe, ibi bitekerezo n'ibikorwa bakora mu kubisubiza bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi kugeza aho badashobora gukora. Ni bwo tugomba gutekereza byimbitse kuri iyi ndwara. Ibi ni byo byitwa `(Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder)` cyangwa `(OCD)`` muri siyansi y'ubuvuzi.

OCD (Indwara yo Kwiheba no Kwishyira mu Bitekerezo) ni iki? Mu magambo make...

Muri make, indwara yo kwiheba no guhangayika (OCD) ni indwara ituma ugira ibitekerezo bikubangamira (byitwa obsessive-compulsive disorder) bikubangamira kandi bigasubiramo (byitwa compulsions) kugira ngo ugabanye imihangayiko n'ibibazo biterwa n'ibyo bitekerezo. Iyi myitwarire isubiramo ishobora kubangamira imibanire yawe n'abandi ndetse n'imikorere yawe ya buri munsi.

Ubusanzwe OCD ni indwara ibaho ubuzima bwose (indwara idakira), ariko ibimenyetso bishobora kwiyongera cyangwa kugabanuka uko igihe kigenda gihita.

Twese tugira urwego runaka rw' 'ibintu bikabije' n' 'ibirenze urugero' mu buzima bwacu. Urugero, ni ibisanzwe kugenzura neza ko itanura rizimye, cyangwa kugenzura ko urugi rufunze. Kandi akenshi tuvuga ibintu nk'ibi ngo "Ndabikunze cyane." Ariko '(OCD)' ni byinshi kuruta ibyo. Bishobora gutakaza amasaha y'umunsi w'umuntu. Ibikorwa byose bisanzwe by'ubuzima birahungabanywa. Ibi 'birenze urugero' ni ibitekerezo bidakenewe umuntu ufite '(OCD)' afite adashobora kugenzura. Kandi nta byishimo bagira mu gukora ibyo 'birenze urugero'.

Ese OCD na OCPD ni ibintu bibiri bitandukanye?

Abantu benshi bavanga aya mazina yombi kuko asa cyane. Ariko, `(Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - OCD)` na `(Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder - OCPD)` ni indwara ebyiri zitandukanye rwose.

Indwara yo guhangayika cyane (OCPD) ni indwara y’imibanire irangwa no gushaka gukora ibintu byose neza, gushaka gukora ibintu byose mu buryo buri ku murongo, bushingiye ku mategeko, no kugerageza kugenzura ibintu byose.

Abantu barwaye OCD basanzwe bazi ko ibitekerezo byabo n'ibikorwa byabo bidasanzwe kandi ko bafite ikibazo. Banemera kandi ko bakeneye ubuvuzi. Ariko, abantu barwaye OCPD akenshi ntibatekereza ko hari ikintu kibi kiri mu myitwarire cyangwa imyizerere yabo.

Ni nde ubangamirwa cyane n'iyi ndwara ya OCD?

Umuntu wese ashobora kurwara OCD. Iyi ndwara ikunze gutangira afite imyaka 19. Abantu bagera kuri 50% barwaye OCD bagaragaza ibimenyetso mu bwana cyangwa ingimbi.

Ni gake cyane umuntu agira OCD nyuma y'imyaka 40.

OCD ikunze kugaragara gute?

Indwara yo kwiheba no guhangayika (OCD) mu by’ukuri ni indwara ikunze kugaragara cyane. Bivugwa ko yibasira hagati ya 1.6% na 2.3% by’abaturage muri Amerika. Hari abantu benshi bafite iyi ndwara no muri Sri Lanka.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya OCD?

Ibimenyetso by'ingenzi bya OCD ni ugutekereza ibintu bidasanzwe (ibitekerezo bidakenewe) n'ibyo wagambiriwe gukora (ibikorwa ukora ubyitayeho), twabiganiriyeho mbere. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kubangamira imikorere yawe isanzwe. Urugero, ibi bimenyetso bishobora gutuma utagera ku kazi ku gihe. Cyangwa ushobora gufata igihe kirekire kuruta uko bisanzwe kugira ngo witegure kuryama nijoro.

Ushobora kubona ko ibi bimenyetso ari ikibazo, ariko ntushobora kubihagarika. Ibimenyetso bya OCD bishobora kwiyongera, bigashira, ndetse bikarushaho kwiyongera cyangwa bikagenda neza uko igihe kigenda gihita.

Niba wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mufite ibimenyetso bya OCD bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwanyu bwa buri munsi, ni byiza kugana muganga kugira ngo akugire inama.

Ibitekerezo bidasanzwe (ibitekerezo bidakenewe kandi bitesha umutwe) bibaho muri OCD

Muri OCD, kwiheba ni ibitekerezo byinjira cyangwa amashusho yo mu mutwe udashobora kugenzura kandi bigatera umubabaro cyangwa guhangayika cyane. Abantu benshi barwaye OCD bazi ko ibyo bitekerezo bidahuje n'ubwenge kandi bidasanzwe.

Ingero zimwe na zimwe zisanzwe z' 'ibintu bikunze kubaho cyane' ni izi:

• Gutinya cyane gukorakora cyangwa kurwara udukoko, umwanda, cyangwa ibindi bintu byanduye. Tekereza, utinya gukorakora ku nsinga muri bisi, guhindura amafaranga mu iduka, cyangwa no guhana amaboko.
• Gutinya kwigirira nabi cyangwa kugirira nabi abandi. By’umwihariko, ibitekerezo nka “Niba ntabyitayeho, nzagirira nabi umuntu?” “Niba ntakinze urugi, umujura azakinjiramo akagirira nabi umuryango?” Hari igihe hashobora kubaho gutinya gukora ikintu cy’urugomo badashobora kugenzura.
• Gutera ibitekerezo bidakenewe, bibi cyangwa amashusho yo mu mutwe ajyanye n'imibonano mpuzabitsina mu mutwe. Ibi biza umuntu atabyemeye kandi bigatera ihungabana rikomeye mu mutwe.
• Ugutinya cyane gukora ikosa. Nukora ikosa, kabone n'iyo ryaba rito, uzaba ufite ipfunwe rikomeye.
• Gutekereza cyane ku byiza n'ibibi (amahame). Gutekereza cyane kuri byose, ukibaza uti "Ibi ni byo? Ibi ni bibi?"
• Guhora numva mfite amakenga kandi ndumva ngize ishozi.
• Gukenera cyane ko ibintu byose biba biteguye neza, bingana, kandi bitagira inenge. Biragoye kwemera ko n'ibitabo biri ku meza n'imyenda iri mu kabati byimurwa na milimetero imwe.
• Guhora ukenera gusubizwa icyizere n'abandi. Kubaza buri gihe uti "Ese nabikoze neza?" "Ese nazimye itanura?"

Guhatirwa (ibikorwa bisubiramo) bibaho muri OCD

Muri OCD, ibi 'guhatirwa' ni ibikorwa bisubirwamo wumva ugomba gukora kugira ngo ugabanye igitutu n'ubwoba biterwa n'ibyo 'kuryarya' byavuzwe haruguru, cyangwa kugira ngo ubone ihumure kuri byo.

Abantu bafite OCD ntibashaka gukora ibyo bikorwa byo guhatirwa, kandi ntibabyishimira. Ariko bumva ko nibadakora ibyo bintu, ubwoba n'imihangayiko biterwa n'ibyo bitekerezo bibabaza biziyongera. Ariko ihumure kuri ibyo bikorwa byo guhatirwa ni iry'igihe gito. Nyuma y'igihe gito, ibyo bikorwa byo guhatirwa bigaruka mu bwenge bwabo, maze bagashukwa kongera gukora ibyo bikorwa byo guhatirwa. Ni nk'uruziga.

Ibi 'bihano' bitakaza umwanya munini kandi bikabangamira ibintu by'ingenzi uha agaciro. Ibi bikorwa si ngombwa ko biba bifitanye isano n' 'uburambe bwawe'.

Ingero zimwe na zimwe ni izi:

• Gutunganya ibintu byose mu buryo bwihariye. Urugero, ugomba gushyira ibintu n'ibitabo ku meza yawe mu buryo bumwe kandi mu buryo bumwe. Iyo ubimutse gato, ugomba kongera gutangira bundi bushya.
• Kwiyuhagira kenshi, gusukura, gukaraba intoki. Hari abantu bakaraba intoki zabo inshuro icumi kugeza kuri cumi n'eshanu ku munsi, bakaraba kandi bakaraba iminota mike.
• Gukusanya ibintu bidafite agaciro ku giti cyawe cyangwa mu by'imari. Ibintu nk'ibinyamakuru bishaje n'amacupa arimo ubusa birarundanywa kandi ntibishobora gutabwa.
• Gusuzuma ibintu inshuro nyinshi. Gusuzuma niba inzugi zifunze, amatara azimye, ishyiga rya lisansi rizimye. Hari abantu bava mu nzu, bakagenda urugendo rugufi, hanyuma bakagaruka bakareba.
• Buri gihe ugerageza kugenzura ko nta muntu ukomeretswa n'ibikorwa bye.
• Guhora ushaka icyizere cy'abandi.
• Imihango ijyanye n'imibare. Urugero, gukora ikintu inshuro runaka (nko kugikora gatatu, kugikora inshuro zirindwi), cyangwa gukunda cyangwa kwirinda imibare imwe n'imwe.
• Kuvuga amagambo cyangwa amasengesho runaka mu gihe ukora akazi katajyanye n'ibyo ukora.

Guhatirwa bishobora kandi kuba biri mu kwirinda ibintu bishobora gutera ibyiyumvo nk'iby'umuntu ukunda ibintu byinshi. Urugero, kwanga guhana ibiganza n'abandi cyangwa gukora ku bintu abantu benshi bakoraho, nk'ibifunga by'umuryango.

Ni iki gitera OCD?

Abashakashatsi ntibaramenya neza icyatera OCD, ariko batekereza ko hari ibintu byinshi bigira uruhare muri yo:

• Inkomoko y'uturemangingo: Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko iyo umuntu mu muryango (ababyeyi, abavandimwe) afite OCD, abandi baba bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara iyi ndwara. Nanone, iyo umuntu mu muryango yarwaye OCD mu bwana cyangwa ingimbi, ibyago biba byinshi kurushaho.
• Impinduka mu bwonko:Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku bijyanye n'amashusho bwagaragaje ko abantu barwaye OCD bagira impinduka zimwe na zimwe mu gice cy'imbere cy'ubwonko n'imiterere yacyo. OCD ifitanye isano kandi n'indwara z'imitsi zigira ingaruka ku bice bimwe na bimwe by'ubwonko, nka Parkinson's disease, Tourette's syndrome, n'igicuri.
• Indwara ya PANDAS: PANDAS ni ijambo rihinnye risobanura "indwara zo mu mutwe zifata abana zijyanye n'indwara za streptococcal." Risobanura itsinda ry'indwara zishobora kwibasira abana bamwe na bamwe barwaye indwara za streptococcal, nka strep throat cyangwa red fever. OCD ni imwe muri izo ndwara.
• Ihungabana ryo mu bwana: Ubushakashatsi bumwe na bumwe bwerekana isano iri hagati y’ibintu bikomeretsa nko guhohoterwa no kutitabwaho mu bwana n’iterambere rya OCD.

Ni gute indwara ya OCD ipimwa?

Nta kizamini cyihariye gitangwa kugira ngo umenye indwara ya OCD. Umuganga azagusuzuma nyuma yo kukubaza ibimenyetso byawe, amateka y'ubuzima bwawe, n'amateka y'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe. Abaganga bakoresha ibipimo byo mu gitabo cy'indwara zo mu mutwe cyitwa Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-V) kugira ngo bamenye indwara ya OCD.

Ibyo bipimo birimo:

• Kugira 'ibitekerezo bidakenewe' cyangwa 'ibikagatirwa' (ibikorwa byafashwe mu kubisubiza), cyangwa byombi.
• Ibyo 'gukora ibintu biremereye' cyangwa 'guhatirwa' bifata igihe kirenga isaha imwe ku munsi.
• Ibyo bintu bibabaza cyangwa ibyo guhatirwa bitera umubabaro ukomeye cyangwa bikabangamira ibikorwa by'imibereho myiza, iby'akazi, cyangwa ibindi bikorwa by'ingenzi mu buzima.
• Ibi bimenyetso ntibiterwa n'ibiyobyabwenge, inzoga, indi miti, cyangwa indi ndwara y'umubiri.
• Ibi bimenyetso ntibishobora gusobanurwa n'indi ndwara yo mu mutwe (urugero: indwara yo guhangayika rusange, indwara yo kurya, indwara yo kumera nk'umubiri).

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura OCD?

Gahunda yo kuvura OCD ikoreshwa cyane irimo ubuvuzi bwo mu mutwe (ubuvuzi bwo kuvugana) n'imiti.

Niba ubu buryo bwo kuvura budatuma ibimenyetso bya OCD bigabanuka kandi ibimenyetso byawe bikaba bikomeye, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo kuvura yitwa Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

Ubuvuzi bw'imitekerereze ya muntu (psychotherapy) kuri OCD

Ubuvuzi bw'imitekerereze ni uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura bugufasha kumenya no guhindura amarangamutima yawe, ibitekerezo byawe, n'imyitwarire yawe. Ukorana n'inzobere mu by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe , nk'inzobere mu by'imitekerereze.

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'ubuvuzi bwo mu mutwe. Uburyo bwiza kandi bukoreshwa cyane mu kuvura OCD ni ubu:

• Ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire mu bwenge (CBT):Muri CBT, umuvuzi agufasha gusuzuma no gusobanukirwa ibitekerezo byawe n'ibyiyumvo byawe. Mu masomo make, CBT irashobora kugufasha guhindura ibitekerezo byawe bibi, kureka ingeso mbi, no gushyiraho uburyo bwiza bwo guhangana n'ikibazo cyawe. Tekereza ko ufite imyizerere itari yo mu mutwe wawe, nko kuvuga ngo "Ninkora ku rugi, ndarwara," ukibaza niba ari ukuri kandi niba hari ishingiro rya siyansi ribigaragaza.
• Gukumira Guhura n'Ikibazo no Gusubiza (ERP): Ibi nabyo ni bimwe mu bigize CBT. Muri ibi, umuvuzi agenda akwereka ibintu cyangwa ibitekerezo biteye ubwoba, ariko ntakwemerera gukora ikintu gikwiye (imyitozo ngororamubiri) ukora mu gusubiza. Urugero, ushobora gusabwa gukora ku kintu ubona ko cyanduye, hanyuma ukareka kugikora iyo ugerageje gukaraba intoki. Iyo uri muri ubwo bwoba, kandi nta kibi kibaho, uhita ubona ko ibitekerezo byawe biteye ubwoba ari ibitekerezo gusa, kandi ko atari ukuri koko. Ubu ni uburyo bugoye, ariko bufite akamaro cyane ku buvuzi bwa OCD.
• Ubuvuzi bwo Kwemera no Kwiyemeza (ACT): ACT igufasha kwemera ko ibitekerezo byawe byo kwiheba ari ibitekerezo gusa, no kugabanya imbaraga zabyo. Umuganga w’indwara zo mu mutwe (ACT) ashobora kugufasha kubaho ubuzima bufite intego nubwo ufite ibimenyetso bya OCD. Ni ukuvuga ko aho kurwanya ibi bitekerezo, ushobora kwemera ko bizaza bikibanda ku bintu by’ingenzi mu buzima bwawe.

Uburyo bwo gutekereza no kuruhuka butuma umuntu arushaho gutekereza neza nabwo bushobora gufasha mu kugabanya ibimenyetso.

Umuti uvura OCD

Imiti yitwa Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SRIs), Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), hamwe n'imiti igabanya ubukana bwa tricyclic ishobora gufasha kuvura OCD. Ikora mu kuringaniza imikorere ya serotonin mu bwonko.

Abaganga bakunze gutanga imiti ya SSRI kuri OCD. Iyi miti ikunze gutangwa mu rugero ruri hejuru kurusha iyo mu gihe cyo guhangayika cyangwa kwiheba. Zimwe muri SSRI zemewe n'Ikigo gishinzwe ibiribwa n'imiti muri Amerika (FDA) zirimo:

• `(Fluoxetine)`
• `(Fluvoxamine)`
• `(Paroxetine)`
• `(Sertraline)`

Bishobora gufata ibyumweru hagati ya 8 na 12 kugira ngo iyi miti itangire gukora. Ntugahagarike kuyifata giturumbuka kuko idakora. Ugomba gukomeza kuyifata nk'uko muganga wawe yabigutegetse.

Ni iki giteganyijwe ku ndwara ya OCD?

Uko OCD ihagaze bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'umuntu ku giti cye. OCD akenshi ni indwara ibaho ubuzima bwose, ikaba ifata igihe runaka ikagabanuka.

Ariko, ubuzima bw'abafite OCD bahabwa ubuvuzi bukwiye burarushaho kuba bwiza cyane.Imibanire yabo n'abandi, akazi ko ku ishuri, cyangwa imikorere yabo mu kazi na byo birarushaho kuba byiza.

Iyo utabonye ubuvuzi, uru ruhererekane rw'ibintu bikugora kubyihanganira no kubivura, kuko uko igihe kigenda gihita, impinduka mu miterere y'ubwonko bwawe ziba mu bwonko bwawe. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane gushaka inama za muganga vuba bishoboka niba wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mutangiye kugira ibimenyetso.

Ese nshobora kwirinda OCD?

Ikibabaje ni uko nta buryo bwo kwirinda OCD. Ariko, gusuzuma no kuvurwa hakiri kare bishobora kugabanya ibimenyetso no kugabanya ingaruka bigira ku buzima bwawe.

Niba mfite OCD, nakwiyitaho nte?

Uretse gushaka ubuvuzi bwa OCD, kwiyitaho bishobora no kugufasha guhangana n'ibimenyetso byawe. Urugero:

• Gira ibitotsi byiza. Sinzira nibura amasaha 7-8 ku munsi.
• Kora siporo buri gihe. Kora ikintu nko kugenda n'amaguru, kwiruka, cyangwa koga.
• Kurya indyo yuzuye. Kurya imboga nyinshi, imbuto n'ibiryo bisukuye.
• Marana umwanya n'abo ukunda bagushyigikiye kandi bakumva OCD yawe.
• Itoze uburyo bwo kuruhuka. Ibintu nko gutekereza cyane, yoga, massage, no kureba ibintu mu buryo bworoshye.
• Jya mu matsinda yo gufasha abantu bafite OCD. Aya matsinda ashobora kuba ari kuri interineti cyangwa imbonankubone. Kuganira n'abantu bahuye n'ibintu nk'ibyawe bishobora kugufasha cyane.

Ni ryari nkwiye kujya kwa muganga wanjye ku bijyanye n'indwara ya OCD?

Niba wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mwarafashwe n'indwara y'ubwiyongere bw'imyitwarire, muzakenera kujya kwa muganga wawe cyangwa inzobere mu by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe buri gihe kugira ngo mumenye neza ko ubuvuzi bwanyu bukora neza.

Niba ufata imiti ya OCD kandi ukaba ufite ingaruka mbi, ganira na muganga wawe kuri iyo miti.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka ni iki: Indwara yo mu mutwe iterwa no kwiheba no guhangayika (OCD). Kimwe n'izindi ndwara zo mu mutwe, gushaka ubufasha ukimara kubona ibimenyetso bishobora kugufasha kugabanya ibibazo mu buzima bwawe. Abaganga n'inzobere mu by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe bashobora kuguha gahunda zo kugufasha guhangana n'ibyo ukunda n'ibyo ukunda.

Ibintu by'ingenzi ugomba kumenya (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

• Indwara yo kwiheba no guhangayika (OCD) ni indwara yo mu mutwe irangwa n'ibitekerezo bidasanzwe (obsessions) n'imyitwarire isubiramo (compulsions) kugira ngo igabanye agahinda gaterwa na byo.
• Iki si ikintu dukunze kuvuga ngo "Ntekereza cyane ku wundi muntu," ahubwo ni ikintu gikomeye kandi gikora ku buzima bwa buri munsi.
• `(OCD)` na `(OCPD)` ni ibintu bibiri bitandukanye.
• Nubwo impamvu nyazo zitaramenyekana, ingirabuzima fatizo, impinduka mu bwonko, indwara zimwe na zimwe, ndetse n'ibyaba byarabayeho mu bwana bishobora kugira uruhare.
• Ubuvuzi bw'imitekerereze (cyane cyane `CBT` na `ERP`) n'imiti ni byo bivurwa by'ingenzi.
• Kumenya no kuvurwa hakiri kare bishobora kongera ireme ry'ubuzima.
• Niba wowe cyangwa umuntu uzi afite ibi bimenyetso, ntugire isoni cyangwa ngo utinye gushaka inama kwa muganga. Ntabwo uri wenyine, kandi kubona ubufasha ni ikimenyetso cy'imbaraga.

OCD , Indwara yo Kwiheba no Kwishyira mu Bitekerezo, Ubuzima bwo mu Mutwe, Ibitekerezo Bibangamira, Ibikorwa Bisubiramo, Guhangayika, Ubuvuzi