Ese ijisho ryawe rigira ikibazo cyo kugabanuka kw'amaraso atembera? Reka twige kuri iyi (Ocular Ischemic Syndrome)!

Ese wagiye ubura amaso mu buryo butunguranye, cyangwa urimo ugira ububabare budasanzwe cyangwa uburemere mu jisho rimwe cyangwa yombi? Cyangwa amaso yawe aba ari ubururu iyo ugiye hanze? Hari igihe dutekereza ko ibi ari ukubabara amaso gusa, ariko hashobora kuba hari ikindi kintu gikomeye inyuma yabyo. Ni cyo indwara y'amaso yitwa Ischemic Syndrome. Nubwo izina rishobora kumvikana nk'aho riteye ubwoba gato, reka tubiganireho mu buryo bworoshye.

Iyi `(Ischemic Syndrome y'amaso)` ni iki?

Muri make, indwara yo kubura amaraso mu maso ni indwara idakunze kugaragara mu maso ibaho iyo amaso yacu adahawe amaraso ahagije. Ibi ahanini biterwa n'ibinure byinshi (byitwa plaque) mu mitsi minini y'amaraso mu ijosi ryacu yitwa Carotid Artery. Iyi mitsi itanga amaraso mu maso yacu. Rero, iyo iyi mitsi ifunze, ingano y'amaraso ajya mu maso iragabanuka. Ibi bishobora gutera ibibazo byo kutabona no kubabara mu maso.

Mu yandi magambo, igisobanuro cy'iri zina, ijambo ku ijambo, ni iki gikurikira:

• "Amaso" bivuze mu buvuzi "ajyanye n'amaso."
• "Ischemic" cyangwa "Ischemia" ni indwara aho amaraso atembera nabi bitewe na "atherosclerosis" (kugabanuka cyangwa gukomera kw'imitsi). Iyi ndwara ni yo itera "Indwara y'imitsi ya Carotid" (Indwara y'imitsi ya Carotid).
• "Syndrome" yerekeza ku ndwara aho ibimenyetso byinshi bibaho hamwe.

Rero, ibi byose hamwe, iki ni ikimenyetso cy’ibimenyetso biterwa no kugabanuka kw’amaraso mu maso. Iyi ndwara, by’umwihariko, ishobora kuba ikimenyetso cya mbere cya `(Indwara y’imitsi ya Carotid)`. Iyi ndwara yitwa `(Indwara y’imitsi ya Carotid)` yongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara zo mu bwonko n’indwara z’umutima . Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane kubimenya.

Kuki ibi bibaho? Ni izihe mpamvu za `(Ischemic Syndrome y'amaso)`?

Nkuko nabivuze mbere, impamvu nyamukuru ibitera ni `(Carotid Artery Disease)` (Carotid Artery Disease) . Ibi kandi byitwa `(Carotid Artery Stenosis)`. `(Stenosis)` bivuze kugabanya cyangwa kuziba kw'imitsi. Iyi mitsi ibiri y'amaraso yitwa `(Carotid Artery)` ku mpande zombi z'ijosi ryawe itwara amaraso akungahaye kuri ogisijeni ku mutwe wawe, mu ijosi, mu bwonko, no mu maso. Rero iyo `(Plaque)`, ikintu cy'amavuta, gitangiye kwibumbira muri iyi mitsi y'amaraso (ibi kandi byitwa `(Atheroma)`), amaraso atembera araziba.

Imitsi y'amaraso yitwa `(Imitsi y'amaso)` itanga amaraso mu maso yacu ihera kuri iyi `(Imitsi y'amaso)`. Rero, umuntu ufite `(Indwara y'imitsi y'amaso)` ntabona amaraso ahagije mu maso ye. Uko kubura amaraso ni ryo shingiro rya `(Indwara y'amaso y'imitsi y'amaso)`.

Uretse iyi mpamvu nyamukuru, hari izindi mpamvu ziboneka gake cyane:

• `(Gucamo ibice by'imitsi ya Carotid)` (indwara isa n'iyacitse ku mutsi wa carotid)
• Vasculitis (kubyimba imitsi y'amaraso). Ingero zirimo Takayasu's Arteritis, Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA), na Behcet's Disease.
• `(Dysplasia ya Fibrovascular)`
• `(Scleroderma)`
• `(Indwara ya Moyamoya)`

Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye kurusha abandi?

Indwara yo kubura amaraso mu maso ni indwara idakunze kugaragara , yibasira abantu bagera kuri 8 kuri miliyoni.

Iyi ndwara ikunze kwibasira abantu bari hagati y'imyaka 50 na 80. Abagabo bafite amahirwe akubye kabiri yo kuyirwara ugereranyije n'abagore .

Hari ibintu byinshi bishobora gutera ingaruka kuri ibi:

• `(Indwara z'umutima n'imitsi)` (Indwara z'umutima n'imitsi, ni ukuvuga indwara zifitanye isano n'umutima n'imitsi y'amaraso)
• Indwara y'imitsi ifata umutima (CAD)
• Diyabete
• Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso (Hypertension)
• Kuba ufite umubyibuho ukabije, kunywa itabi, cyangwa byombi.
• `(Indwara ya Moyamoya)` (Iyi nayo ni indwara ifitanye isano n'imitsi ijyana amaraso mu bwonko)
• Niba warigeze kugira stroke cyangwa icyorezo cy’indwara y’imitsi (TIA) (nk’indwara y’imitsi mito).

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'indwara yo mu maso iterwa n'imitsi yo mu maso?

Ibimenyetso by'iyi ndwara ntibikunze kugaragara. Ariko iyo ibimenyetso bigaragaye, akenshi bigira ingaruka ku jisho rimwe gusa . Iyi ndwara igira ingaruka cyane cyane ku kureba kwawe. Shaka ibi bimenyetso niba ufite:

• Ububabare budakomeye kandi bubabaza buturuka imbere mu jisho kandi bukaza rimwe na rimwe.
• Ububabare bw'amaso bugaragara iyo umuvuduko w'amaso wiyongereye.
• Imboni zavuguruwe (uruziga rw'umukara hagati mu jisho).
• Kumva nk'aho utudomo tw'umukara cyangwa udupira tw'umukara tureremba imbere y'amaso (Eye Floaters).
• Gutakaza icyerekezo buhoro buhoro cyangwa mu buryo butunguranye (Kureba hasi) cyangwa gutakaza icyerekezo by'igihe gito hanyuma ukongera kubibona (Gutakaza icyerekezo by'igihe gito).
• Kugorwa no kureba urumuri, kutabona neza (Photophobia).
• Kumva umeze nk'aho ubona ibintu bibiri (Diplopia).

Abaganga babisobanukirwa bate neza?

Ibimenyetso bya Syndrome y’Ischemic y’Amaso bishobora gusa n’ibindi bibazo nka retinopathy ya diyabete na Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO). Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kubona isuzuma nyaryo .

Abaganga b'amaso bakora ibizamini bikurikira kugira ngo bamenye iyi ndwara:

• Gusuzuma amaso: Ibizamini bitandukanye by'amaso bikorerwa kugira ngo hamenyekane impamvu y'ibibazo byo kureba. Urugero, isuzuma ry'amaso ryagutse, isuzuma rya OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography), isuzuma rya electroretinography (ikizamini gipima imikorere ya retina), n'ibizamini by'amaso (ikizamini gipima imikorere y'imitsi ijyanye no kureba).
• Isuzuma rya Fluorescein Angiogram : Iki ni ikizamini aho irangi ryihariye rishyirwa mu mitsi iri mu kuboko kugira ngo harebwe igihe bifata kugira ngo amaraso atembera mu mitsi iri mu jisho ndetse niba amaraso arimo kuva mu mitsi.

Byongeye kandi, inzobere mu ndwara z'umutima (umuganga w’inzobere mu ndwara z'umutima n'imitsi ijyana amaraso) ashobora gutegeka ko hakorwa ibizamini nk'ibi kugira ngo arebe niba hari indwara y'imitsi ifata amaraso:

• `(Carotid Artery Duplex Vascular Ultrasound)` (Isuzuma ry'imitsi y'amaraso mu ijosi)
• `(CT Angiogram - CTA)`, `(Carotid Angiogram)` cyangwa `(Magnetic Resonance Angiogram - MRA)` (izi nazo ni ubwoko bwihariye bwa scan zireba imiterere y'imitsi y'amaraso mu ijosi).

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura ibi?

Hari intambwe nyinshi zifitanye isano zikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara y’amaso yitwa Ischemic Syndrome. Ibi bisaba ubufatanye bw’inzobere zitandukanye.

Uburyo bwo kuvura ibibazo by'amaso:

• Ubwoko bw'inshinge zo guterwa mu maso: Imiti irwanya VEGF cyangwa steroid. Iyi miti ifasha kugabanya kubyimba mu maso.
• Ibitonyanga by'amaso bikoreshwa mu miti: Bigabanya umuvuduko w'amaso n'ububyimbirwe.
• Bishobora kandi kuba ngombwa ko ukorerwa ubuvuzi bwa laser kugira ngo wirinde umuvuduko ukabije w'amaso.

Uburyo bwo kuvura `(Indwara y'imitsi ya Carotid)`:

• Imiti igabanya amaraso, hamwe n'imiti yo kurwanya indwara nka diyabete n'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso.
• Uburyo bwo gupima no gupima imitsi yo mu nda: Uburyo bwo gupima imitsi y'amaraso yazibye bushyirwamo umwuka ukoresheje igikoresho kimeze nk'ibendera hanyuma hagashyirwamo stent (umuyoboro muto umeze nk'urushundura) kugira ngo idakomeza kuziba.
• Gukuramo plaque mu mitsi y'amaraso mu kanwa: Uburyo bwo kubaga kugira ngo hakorwe plaque yikubise mu mitsi y'amaraso.

Ni izihe ngorane ibi bishobora gutera?

Si abantu bose bafite indwara ya Ischemic Syndrome y'amaso bahita bagira ibibazo bikomeye byo kutabona. Ariko, hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'abantu bafite iyi ndwara bazagira ikibazo cyo kutabona mu mwaka umwe . Nanone, abantu bagera kuri barindwi kuri icumi bazarwara indwara yitwa Neovascular Glaucoma. Muri Neovascular Glaucoma, imitsi mishya y'amaraso ikora mu jisho, ikabuza amazi gutembera mu jisho. Ibi bishobora gutera umuvuduko w'amaso ukabije.

Ubuzima bw'umuntu urwaye indwara yo mu maso yitwa Ocular Ischemic Syndrome bumeze bute?

Mu by’ukuri, indwara yitwa `(Carotid Artery Disease)` itera `(Ocular Ischemic Syndrome)` ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga . Nyuma yo kugaragara ko afite `(Ocular Ischemic Syndrome)`, mu gihe cy'imyaka itanuHafi abantu bane kuri icumi bapfa bazize indwara y'umutima cyangwa indwara yo gucika imitsi. Kubwibyo, gushaka ubuvuzi hakiri kare no guhindura imibereho yawe bishobora gufasha cyane mu kurinda ubuzima bwawe.

Icy'ingenzi: Sinshaka kugutera ubwoba muri ibi. Ariko ni ingenzi cyane kumva uburemere bw'iki kibazo no gufata ingamba zikenewe.

Ese indwara yo mu maso ishobora kwirindwa?

Yego, hari ibintu ushobora gukora kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kurwara `(Indwara y'imitsi ya Carotid)` kandi binyuze muri yo, `(Indwara ya Ischemic y'Amaso).` Ibi ni ibi:

• Kurya indyo yuzuye umutima, nk'indyo yo mu nyanja ya Mediterane.
• Shaka uburyo bwiza bwo gucunga imihangayiko.
• Kugenzura diyabete n'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso neza.
• Komeza kugira ibiro bizima bikubereye.
• Niba unywa itabi, saba ubufasha bwo kurireka.
• Komeza gukora cyane uko bishoboka kose kandi ugire imyitozo ngororamubiri.

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?

Niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, jya kwa muganga nta kabuza:

• Ububabare mu maso.
• Impinduka iyo ari yo yose mu cyerekezo ni ikibazo.

Nanone, niba ugize ibimenyetso by'ubumuga (urugero: kunanirwa kuvuga, kugira ibinya ku ruhande rumwe rw'umubiri, gucika intege k'uruhande rumwe rw'isura), jya kwa muganga ako kanya cyangwa uhamagare 1990.

Ni iki ngomba kubaza muganga wanjye?

Iyo ugiye kwa muganga, ushobora kubaza ibibazo nk'ibi:

• Kuki mfite ibi bimenyetso?
• Ni ibihe bizamini ngomba gukora?
• Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura bubereye kuri njye?
• Ni iki nkwiye gukora kugira ngo nongere ubuzima bw'umutima wanjye?
• Nakora iki kugira ngo ndinde amaso yanjye?
• Ese nkwiye guhangayikishwa n'ingorane?

Indwara iyo ari yo yose igira ingaruka ku maso ni ikibazo gikomeye. Niba ufite indwara yo mu maso, impinduka mu maso zishobora kuba ikimenyetso cya mbere cy'uko imiyoboro y'amaraso yawe yazibye kandi amaraso akagera mu mutwe akagabanuka. Ibi bishobora kandi kuba ikimenyetso cy'izindi ndwara, nka Carotid Artery Disease. Izindi ndwara z'amaso nazo zishobora gutera ibi bimenyetso.

Kubwibyo, ni ingenzi cyane kubonana n'inzobere mu by'amaso ufite uburambe mu gusuzuma no kuvura indwara nkizo zidasanzwe z'amaso . Ushobora kandi gukenera kubonana n'inzobere mu by'umutima kugira ngo avure "Indwara y'imitsi ya Carotid". Ubu buvuzi bukora mu gufungura imiyoboro y'amaraso yazibye no kunoza inzira y'amaraso mu maso. Ushobora kandi guhindura imibereho yawe kugira ngo urinde umutima wawe n'amaso yawe.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

• Indwara yo kubura amaraso mu maso ni indwara iterwa no kugabanuka kw'amaraso ajya mu maso, impamvu nyamukuru ikaba ari ukuziba kw'imitsi y'amaraso mu ijosi (Carotid Arteries).
• Niba ufite ibimenyetso nko kutabona neza cyangwa ububabare bw'amaso, menya neza ko wagisha inama kwa muganga.
• Ibi bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cya "Indwara y'imitsi ya Carotid", byongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima n'imitsi yo mu bwonko .
• Iyo habayeho kuvurwa hakiri kare, kuvurwa neza no guhindura imibereho, ubuzima bushobora kubungabungwa.
• Ni ingenzi cyane kwirinda kunywa itabi, kurya indyo yuzuye, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, no kugenzura diyabete n'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso.

Niba ufite ikindi kibazo kuri ibi, ntutindiganye kuvugana na muganga wawe. Tukwifurije gukira vuba!

Indwara ya Ischemic y'amaso, Kugabanuka kw'amaraso ajya mu maso, Indwara y'imitsi ya Carotid, Kugabanuka k'amaso, Ububabare bw'amaso, Indwara y'imitsi ya Carotid, Ateriosclerosis