Ese ubwoko bwose butatu bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso yawe buri hasi? Reka tuvuge kuri Pancytopenia | Nirogi Lanka

Ese ukunze kumva unaniwe bidasanzwe? Wenda ubona urwara byoroshye, cyangwa ubona ibikomere ku ruhu rwawe bitazwi? Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kuba bifitanye isano n'impinduka mu turemangingo tw'amaraso yawe. Uyu munsi, turashaka kukubwira indwara abaganga bita "Pancytopenia." Nyamuneka ntugire ubwoba; reka tugusobanurire mu magambo yoroshye kandi asobanutse.

Pancytopenia ni iki?

Mu magambo make, Pancytopenia ni indwara aho umubare w’ubwoko butatu bw’ingenzi bw’uturemangingo tw’amaraso—uturemangingo dutukura, uturemangingo tw’amaraso twera, na plaquettes—uri hasi ugereranije n’ibisanzwe. Tekereza umubiri wawe nk’uruganda runini kandi rugoye. Nk’uko uruganda rwishingikiriza ku nzobere zitandukanye kugira ngo zikomeze gukora, umubiri wawe wishingikiriza kuri utwo turemangingo tw’amaraso kugira ngo dukore imirimo y’ingenzi.

Dore uko bigenda iyo umubare w'uturemangingo ugabanutse:

• Uturemangingo dutukura duke: Utu turemangingo, dufite poroteyine yitwa hemoglobin , ni two dushinzwe gutwara ogisijeni mu mubiri wawe wose. Iyo uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso yawe cyangwa hemoglobin yawe iri hasi, bitera indwara yo kubura amaraso .
• Uturemangingo tw’amaraso duke: Tuzwi kandi nka leukocytes , ni imbaraga z’umubiri wawe zo kwirinda. Turwanya mikorobe kandi tukakurinda indwara. Uturemangingo tw’amaraso duke ni two tuboneka cyane mu turemangingo tw’amaraso. Kugabanuka kw’uturemangingo tw’amaraso tw’umweru byitwa leukopenia , naho kugabanuka kwihariye kwa neutrophils byitwa neutropenia .
• Amaplateleti make: Amaplateleti ni utuntu duto tw’uturemangingo dufasha amaraso yawe kuzura. Udafite amaplateleti ahagije, azwi nka thrombocytopenia , umubiri wawe urwana no guhagarika kuva amaraso iyo ugize imvune.

Niba ufite Pancytopenia, ushobora kugira ibimenyetso bijyanye n'imwe muri izi ntege nke, zimwe muri zo, cyangwa zose, bitewe n'ubukana bw'igabanuka ry'umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso yawe.

Pancytopenia ikunze kugaragara ku ki?

Pancytopenia ntabwo ifatwa nk'idasanzwe, ariko kubera ko ishobora guterwa n'ibibazo byinshi by'uburwayi, biragoye kumenya neza umubare w'abanduye iyi ndwara.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya Pancytopenia?

Hari igihe Pancytopenia ishobora kuba yoroheje, kandi ushobora kutabona ibimenyetso na gato; ishobora kuboneka gusa mu gihe cyo gukora isuzuma ry’amaraso risanzwe. Ariko, mu bihe bikomeye cyane, ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga, igasaba ubuvuzi bwihutirwa. Niba ugize ibimenyetso bikomeye, hamagara serivisi zihutirwa (911) cyangwa usure ibitaro biri hafi yawe.

Dore ibimenyetso bifitanye isano no kugabanuka kwa buri bwoko bw'uturemangingo:

Ibimenyetso by'uturemangingo dutukura duke (Anemia)

Iyo ubuze uturemangingo dutukura mu maraso, ingingo zawe n'ibice byawe ntibibona ogisijeni ihagije, ibyo bikaba byatera:

• Umunaniro: Kumva unaniwe cyangwa udafite imbaraga igihe kirekire.
• Kubura umwuka (Dyspnea): Kunanirwa guhumeka nubwo waba ufite imbaraga nke.
• Kuzungera.
• Kuribwa umutwe.
• Arrhythmia: Umutima utera cyane cyangwa utera nabi.
• Uruhu rwerurutse cyangwa uruhu rukonje, rumeze nk'urufu.

Ibimenyetso by'uturemangingo tw'amaraso tw'umweru duke (Leukopenia)

Umubare muto w’uturemangingo tw’amaraso twera uca intege ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri wawe, bigatuma urwara indwara zishobora kugaragara nk’izi:

• Umunaniro uhoraho.
• Umuriro n'ubukonje.
• Pharyngitis (Kubabara mu muhogo).
• Ibisebe byo mu kanwa.
• Inkorora ikomeye.
• Impiswi.
• Guhumeka nabi.
• Utunyangingo tw'imitsi tubyimbye.
• Amaraso yuzuyemo ibibyimba ava mu bikomere cyangwa mu nkovu.

Ibimenyetso bya plaquettes nkeya (Trombocytopenia)

Iyo umubare wa platelet yawe uri hasi, amaraso yawe ntashobora kuziba neza, bishobora gutuma:

• Gukomereka byoroshye.
• Kuva amaraso igihe kirekire bitewe n'udusebe duto.
• Iremereye kurusha imihango isanzwe.
• Amaraso mu mwanda, mu nkari, cyangwa mu birutsi.
• Petechiae: Utudomo duto dutukura cyangwa umuhengeri ku ruhu tureshya n'uduheri. Ushobora kandi kubona uduce duto tuzwi nka purpura.

Ni iki gitera Pancytopenia?

Pancytopenia ikunze kubaho iyo habayeho ikibazo mu musokoro w'amagufwa yawe, aho uturemangingo tw'amaraso tukorerwa. Iyi gahunda igoye izwi nka hematopoiesis . Iyo imaze gukura, utwo turemangingo turekurwa mu maraso yawe.

Muri Nirogi Lanka, turashaka ibibazo bibiri by'ingenzi: umwotsi w'amagufwa yawe ntukora uturemangingo tuzima duhagije, cyangwa uturemangingo turimo kwangirika vuba kurusha uko twakozwe.

Ibintu bikunze kugaragara birimo:

• Indwara z'umusemburo w'amagufwa: Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe zituma umusemburo ukora uturemangingo tudasanzwe. Izi ndwara zishobora kuboneka mu gihe cy'ubuzima bwawe cyangwa zikaba zarazwe n'abantu. Ingero zirimo:
• Kubura amaraso mu mubiri (Aplastic anemia)
• Kubura amaraso mu mubiri (Fanconi anemia)
• Kugabanuka k'amaraso mu mubiri wa Diamond-Blackfan

• Kanseri: Iyo uturemangingo twa kanseri twinjira mu musemburo w'amagufwa, tubangamira ikorwa ry'uturemangingo tw'amaraso tuzima. Ubwoko butandukanye bwa kanseri bushobora gutera pancytopenia, harimo:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma
• Myeloma nyinshi
• Myelofibrose
• Indwara ya Myelodysplastic
• Kanseri ya metastatic (kanseri yakwirakwiriye mu gice cy'umubiri igera mu musemburo w'amagufwa)

• Kubura intungamubiri no gukoresha inzoga: Niba umubiri wawe udafite intungamubiri z'ingenzi nka Vitamine B12 na folate , ushobora kugorwa no gukora uturemangingo tw'amaraso dufite ubuzima bwiza. Byongeye kandi, kunywa inzoga nyinshi kandi zidakira bishobora kuba bimwe mu bintu bitera pancytopenia.

• Indwara: Indwara zimwe na zimwe za virusi na bagiteri zishobora gutera iyi ndwara, nko:
• Mononucleosis (mononucleosis)
• VIH (virusi itera SIDA)
• Hepatite C
• Virusi ya Parvovirus B19
• Igituntu
• Malariya

• Indwara z’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri: Muri ibi bihe, ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bwawe bwite bwibasira uturemangingo tw’amaraso tuzima. Indwara z’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri zishobora gutera pancytopenia zirimo:
• Lupus
• Indwara ya rubagimpande

• Imiti: Uburyo bumwe na bumwe bwo kuvura, cyane cyaneimiti ya chimiotherapie ikoreshwa mu kuvura kanseri, ishobora kugabanya ikorwa ry'uturemangingo tw'amaraso mu musemburo w'amagufwa.

• Guhura n'uburozi: Uburozi bwo mu bidukikije nka benzene cyangwa arsenic bushobora kwangiza uturemangingo dukora amaraso. Byongeye kandi, guhura n'imirasire myinshi bishobora gutuma umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso ugabanuka.

• Gufata imiyoboro y'amaraso: Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe zishobora gutuma uturemangingo tw'amaraso dufatwa mu miyoboro y'amaraso . Indwara ziterwa n'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri, indwara y'umwijima , na kanseri zimwe na zimwe zishobora kubitera. Iyi nzira ishobora gutuma imiyoboro y'amaraso ikura ( splenomegaly ), ishobora gutera kubabara mu nda.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, abaganga bashobora kunanirwa kumenya impamvu nyayo ituma uturemangingo tw’amaraso tuba duke; ibi byitwa idiopathic pancytopenia .

Ni nde ufite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara Pancytopenia?

Umuntu wese ufite iyi ndwara yavuzwe haruguru ashobora kurwara pancytopenia. Ariko, niba ufite amateka y'indwara z'amaraso mu muryango wawe cyangwa uri kuvurwa imiti nka chimiotherapie igira ingaruka ku ikorwa ry'uturemangingo tw'amaraso, ushobora kuba uri mu kaga gakomeye.

Pancytopenia ipimwa ite?

Muganga wawe akoresha umubare w'amaraso yuzuye (CBC) kugira ngo amenye niba urugero rw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso yawe ruri hasi. Nyamuneka ibuka ko ingano isanzwe ishobora gutandukana gato bitewe n'imyaka yawe, ubwoko bwawe, n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange.

Muri rusange, ibi bikurikira bifatwa nk'ibiciriritse:

• Uturemangingo dutukura: Uturemangingo turi munsi ya miliyoni 4.2 kuri mikorolitero ku bagore, cyangwa hemoglobin iri munsi ya 12 g/dL; ku bagabo, uturemangingo turi munsi ya miliyoni 4.7 kuri mikorolitero, cyangwa hemoglobin iri munsi ya 13 g/dL.
• Uturemangingo tw’amaraso: Uturemangingo tw’amaraso turi munsi ya 4.000 kuri mikorolitero imwe, cyangwa umubare w’uturemangingo tw’amaraso (ANC) uri munsi ya 1.800 kuri mikorolitero imwe. Kubera ko uturemangingo tw’amaraso ari two tugaragara cyane mu turemangingo tw’amaraso, iki gipimo ni ingenzi cyane.
• Platelets: Hafi ya platelets 150.000 kuri mikorolitero imwe.

Ni ibihe bizamini bindi bikenewe kugira ngo hamenyekane impamvu?

Iyo umuganga wawe amaze kumenya ko ufite pancytopenia, ashobora gukora iperereza ryinyongera kugira ngo amenye impamvu nyamukuru. Ushobora koherezwa kwa muganga w’indwara z’amaraso (inzobere mu ndwara z’amaraso).

Ibizamini bikunze gukorerwa nyuma y’ibizamini birimo:

• Gupima amaraso mu buryo butunguranye: Inzobere isuzuma uturemangingo tw’amaraso yawe ikoresheje mikorosikopi. Imiterere y’uturemangingo idahuye neza ishobora gutanga ibimenyetso by’ingenzi ku mpamvu.
• Ibipimo bya Vitamine B12 na folate: Kubera ko kubura intungamubiri ari impamvu ikunze kugaragara, gupima ibi bipimo bifasha mu kugabanya kwinjira cyangwa gusohoka kwabyo.
• Gukoresha umwobo w'amagufwa no kuwupima: Muganga akusanya urugero ruto rw'umuyobo w'amagufwa yawe kugira ngo arebe indwara nka kanseri zishobora kugira ingaruka ku musaruro.

Bitewe n'ibisubizo by'ibizamini byawe, amateka y'ubuzima bwawe, n'ibimenyetso by'indwara, muganga wawe ashobora kandi gutumiza ibizamini bya:

• Kwandura virusi.
• Izindi ndwara zishingiye ku gitsina.
• Ibipimo by'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri.
• Impinduka mu miterere y'uturemangingo (impinduka muri ADN yawe).

Pancytopenia ivurwa ite?

Ubuvuzi bwibanda ku kumenya no gucunga impamvu nyamukuru mu gihe bugabanya ibimenyetso byawe. Hari igihe imiti yo kongera umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso ishobora kuba ngombwa:

• Imiti: Hari imiti ishobora gukangura umwobo w'amagufwa kugira ngo wongere umusaruro w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso.
• Guterwa amaraso: Niba urugero rwawe ruri hasi cyane kandi rugatera ubuzima bubi, ushobora guterwa uturemangingo dutukura cyangwa uduce duto tw’amaraso.
• Gutera uturemangingo tw’umusemburo cyangwa umwongo w’amagufwa: Ubu buryo busimbuza uturemangingo tw’umusemburo twangiritse cyangwa tudakora mu mwongo w’amagufwa yawe utwo dusanzwe dufite ubuzima bwiza.

Niba urugero rwa neutrophil rwawe ruri hasi cyane, bigatuma habaho ibyago byinshi byo kwandura, muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira antibiyotike zagutse . Niba wumva ibimenyetso bitunguranye kandi bikomeye, nyamuneka shaka ubuvuzi bwihuse mu ishami ryihutiyeho cyangwa uhamagare 911.

Ni iki wakwitega niba ufite Pancytopenia?

Uko uzabona gukira biterwa gusa n'impamvu nyamukuru ituma uturemangingo tw'amaraso tuba duke. Nta mibare yihariye igaragaza "kugarura amaraso mu maraso" kuko atari indwara yigenga. Ahubwo, uko uzabona indwara biterwa n'uburyo indwara yawe yakira neza iyo uvuwe.

Icy'ingenzi kurushaho, uko ubuvuzi bw'indwara zisanzwe bukomeza gutera imbere, ni nako ingaruka ku bafite ikibazo cyo kubabara mu mutwe ziyongera. Ni ngombwa kugirana ibiganiro bifunguye na muganga wawe. Bashobora kuguha amakuru agezweho y'ubuvuzi no gusobanura neza uko akoreshwa ku buzima bwawe bwihariye.

Ese Pancytopenia ni indwara ikomeye?

Yego, bishobora kuba ikibazo gikomeye ku buvuzi. Ubukana bw'indwara buterwa n'impamvu yatumye urwara amaraso make ndetse n'uburyo ayo maraso yagabanutse cyane. Iyo urwaye pancytopenia, muganga wawe azashyira imbere kumenya impamvu kugira ngo amenye urwego rw'ubuvuzi rukenewe.

Ni ryari ugomba gushaka ubuvuzi bwihutirwa (ER/ETU)?

Iyo itavuwe, pancytopenia ikomeye ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga. Niba uhuye na kimwe muri ibi bikurikira, shaka ubufasha bwihutirwa mu Ishami rishinzwe Ubuvuzi bwihutirwa (ETU) riri hafi yawe cyangwa mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bwihutirwa:

• Umuriro uri hagati ya 38°C cyangwa hejuru.
• Kunanirwa cyangwa kwirabura.
• Guhumeka nabi cyane.
• Urujijo rutunguranye cyangwa impinduka mu mutwe.
• Umutwe utunguranye kandi ukabije.
• Kuva amaraso menshi cyangwa kutagira ingano.
• Kubabara mu gituza.
• Indwara zo mu mutwe.

Pancytopenia igira ingaruka ku bantu bose mu buryo butandukanye, bitewe n'uburyo imibare yawe iri hasi n'impamvu nyamukuru. Kubera ko umubare muto w'amaraso wongera ibyago byo kubura amaraso, kwandura no kuva amaraso, nyamuneka kurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe neza. Baza umuganga wawe by'umwihariko ibimenyetso bisaba kujya kwa muganga ako kanya.

Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo

Nkuko twabivuze, pancytopenia ibaho iyo uturemangingo tw’amaraso dutukura, uturemangingo tw’amaraso twera, n’udupira tw’amaraso tuba turi hasi cyane icyarimwe. Hari impamvu zitandukanye zibitera ndetse n’ibimenyetso byinshi bishobora kugaragara.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyagufasha: niba ukeka ko ufite ibi bimenyetso, ntutegereze. Shaka muganga wawe vuba kugira ngo amenye ikibazo cy’ingenzi kandi atangire gahunda ikwiye yo kuvura. Iyo ubimenye hakiri kare kandi ugafata ingamba zo kuvura, akenshi ibi bibazo birarushaho kugorana. Nirogi Lanka igushishikariza kumva umubiri wawe no gukomeza kuba maso ku buzima bwawe. Ndakwifuriza ubuzima bwiza!

Amagambo ahinnye: Pancytopenia, Umubare muto w'amaraso, Uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso, Uturemangingo tw'umweru tw'amaraso, Platelets, Umwongo w'amagufwa, Anemia, Leukopenia, Thrombocytopenia