Ese ufite ubwoko butatu bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso? Reka tuvuge kuri pancytopenia!

Ese hari igihe wumva unaniwe igihe cyose? Cyangwa urwara mu kantu gato, cyangwa ubona ibikomere ku mubiri wawe wose? Ibi bishobora guterwa n'impinduka zimwe na zimwe mu maraso yawe. Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku ndwara ishobora kubaho muri ibyo bihe, abaganga bita "pancytopenia". Ntugahangayike, tuzabivugaho mu buryo bworoshye.

Pancytopenia ni iki?

Mu magambo make, pancytopenia ni indwara aho ubwoko butatu bw'ingenzi bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso mu mubiri wacu - uturemangingo dutukura, uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera, na plaquettes - tuba turi hasi ugereranije n'ibisanzwe. Tekereza nk'uruganda runini. Hari abakozi batandukanye muri uru ruganda bakora imirimo itandukanye. Utwo turemangingo tw'amaraso ni ko bimeze. Buri bwoko bufite akazi kabwo.

Noneho reba uko bigenda iyo ubwo bwoko bw'uturemangingo bugabanutse:

• Uturemangingo dutukura twagabanutse: Utu ni uturemangingo dutwara ogisijeni mu mibiri yacu yose. Utu turemangingo tuba dufite poroteyine yihariye yitwa hemoglobin . Ni yo ifata ogisijeni. Rero, iyo habayeho igabanuka ry'uturemangingo dutukura cyangwa hemoglobine, tubyita "anemia" cyangwa "ibura ry'amaraso."
• Umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso: Uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera, cyangwa leukocytes, ni nk'uturemangingo tw'umubiri twirinda indwara. Turwanya mikorobe kandi tukazirinda indwara. Muri utwo turemangingo tw'umweru, ubwoko bwinshi bwitwa neutrophils . Kugabanuka kw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera byitwa leukopenia . Kugabanuka kw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso nabyo byitwa neutropenia .
• Umubare muto wa platelets: Platelets ni uduce duto tw’uturemangingo. Ariko bikora akazi gakomeye. Iyo tugize igisebe, izi platelets zifasha guhagarika kuva amaraso. Ni ingenzi cyane mu gutuma amaraso abumba. Rero, iyo umubare wa platelets ari muto, iyo ndwara yitwa thrombocytopenia .

Niba ufite pancytopenia, ushobora kugira ibimenyetso biterwa n'imwe, nyinshi, cyangwa zose muri izi ndwara, bitewe n'uburyo uturemangingo tw'amaraso dufite hasi.

Pancytopenia ikunze kugaragara ku ki?

Mu by’ukuri, indwara yitwa pancytopenia ntabwo ikunze kugaragara nkuko ushobora kubitekereza. Kubera ko hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora kuyitera, biragoye kumenya neza umubare w’abantu bayirwara.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya pancytopenia?

Hari igihe pancytopenia ishobora kuba yoroshye cyane. Ushobora kutabona ibimenyetso bikomeye. Hari igihe muganga ayisanga iyo akora isuzuma risanzwe ry'amaraso. Ariko, hari igihe iyo ndwara ishobora kuba ikomeye cyane kandi ikabangamira ubuzima. Muri ibyo bihe, ugomba guhita ushakisha ubuvuzi.

Noneho reka turebe ibimenyetso bitandukanye iyo ubwo bwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso bugabanutse.

Ibimenyetso by'uko uturemangingo dutukura dufite amaraso make (anemia)

Niba udafite uturemangingo dutukura duhagije, izindi ngingo n'imitsi y'umubiri wawe ntibizabona umwuka uhagije wa ogisijeni. Ushobora kugira ibimenyetso nk'ibi bikurikira:

• Kumva unaniwe igihe cyose (Umunaniro): Kumva unaniwe kandi udashaka gukora ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose.
• Guhumeka nabi (dyspnea): Kumva uhumeka nabi nubwo wakoresha imbaraga nke.
• Kumva mfite isereri.
• Umutwe.
• Arrhythmia ni kumva umutima utera cyane cyangwa utera mu buryo budasanzwe.
• Uruhu rwerurutse cyangwa kumva ufite ibicurane, ukumva ibyuya.

Ibimenyetso by'uko uturemangingo tw'amaraso turi hasi (leukopenia)

Iyo udafite uturemangingo tw’umweru duhagije mu maraso, ubushobozi bw’umubiri wawe bwo kurwanya indwara buragabanuka. Ibi bivuze ko ushobora kwandura indwara byoroshye. Izi ndwara zishobora gutera ibimenyetso nka:

• Kumva unaniwe igihe cyose (Umunaniro).
• Umuriro n'ubukonje.
• Kubabara mu muhogo cyangwa indwara yandurira mu mitsi (pharyngitis).
• Ibisebe byo mu kanwa.
• Gukorora cyane.
• Impiswi.
• Kugorwa no guhumeka.
• Utunyangingo tw'imitsi tubyimbye.
• Amashyira ava mu bikomere.

Ibimenyetso by'umubare muto wa platelet (thrombocytopenia)

Iyo platelets zawe ziri hasi, amaraso yawe ntabwo yibumba neza. Ibi bishobora gutera ibintu nk'ibi:

• Kurwara ibikomere ku mubiri wawe bivuye no ku kintu gito cyane.
• Kuva amaraso bigoranye guhagarika cyangwa kumara igihe kirekire.
• Kuva amaraso menshi mu gihe cy'imihango ku bagore.
• Kuva amaraso bitewe n'amabyi, inkari , cyangwa kuruka.
• Uduheri dutukura cyangwa tw'umuhengeri ku ruhu (petechiae) - dusa n'uduheri. Hari igihe uduheri dutukura, tw'umuhengeri, cyangwa tw'umukara (purpura) na two dushobora kugaragara.

Ni iki gitera iyi ndwara ya pancytopenia?

Pancytopenia ikunze guterwa n'ikosa mu gikorwa cyo gukora uturemangingo tw'amaraso mu igufwa ryacu. Ese wari uzi ko uturemangingo tw'amaraso yacu tukorerwa mu igufwa ryacu? Iyi nzira yitwa hematopoiesis . Utwo turemangingo tuva mu igufwa ryacu tukinjira mu maraso yacu nyuma yuko tumaze gukura.

Rero, pancytopenia ishobora kubaho iyo umwongo w'amagufwa yawe udakora uturemangingo tw'amaraso tuzima bihagije, cyangwa iyo utwo turemangingo tw'amaraso twangiritse vuba cyane nyuma yo gukorwa.

Hari ibintu byinshi bishobora kubangamira ikorwa ry'utu turemangingo tw'amaraso cyangwa bikayangiza:

• Indwara ziterwa n'umusemburo w'amagufwa:Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe zituma umwongo w'amagufwa ukora uturemangingo tw'amaraso tudasanzwe. Inyinshi muri zo "ziboneka" mu gihe cy'ubuzima bwacu. Zimwe "zirandurwa". Urugero:
• Kubura amaraso mu mubiri (Aplastic anemia)
• Kubura amaraso mu mubiri (Fanconi anemia)
• Kugabanuka k'amaraso mu mubiri wa Diamond-Blackfan

• Kanseri: Iyo uturemangingo twa kanseri dukwirakwira mu musemburo w'amagufwa, bibangamira ikorwa ry'uturemangingo tw'amaraso tuzima. Amwe mu moko ya kanseri ashobora gutera pancytopenia arimo:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma
• Myeloma nyinshi
• Myelofibrose
• Indwara ya Myelodysplastic
• Ikwirakwira rya kanseri iva ahandi ijya mu musemburo w'amagufwa (kanseri itera imirasire)

• Kubura intungamubiri no gukoresha inzoga: Iyo umubiri wawe utabonye intungamubiri zihagije nka vitamine B12 na folate , ushobora kudashobora gukora uturemangingo tw’amaraso tuzima. Nanone, kunywa inzoga nyinshi bishobora kuba impamvu ikomeye yo kurwara pancytopenia.

• Indwara zandura: Iyi ndwara ishobora no guterwa n'ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa virusi. Ingero:
• Mononucleosis `(Mononucleosis - mono)`
• VIH (virusi itera SIDA)
• Hepatite C
• Virusi ya Parvovirusi B19 `(Parvovirusi B19)`
• Igituntu
• Malariya

• Indwara z’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri: Iki ni cyo gihe ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri wawe bwibasira uturemangingo tw’amaraso tuzima. Indwara z’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri zishobora gutera pancytopenia zirimo:
• Lupus
• Indwara ya rubagimpande

• Imiti: Imiti imwe, cyane cyane imiti ya chimiotherapie ivura kanseri, ishobora kugabanya umuvuduko w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso.

• Guhura n'uburozi: Uburozi bwo mu bidukikije nka benzene na arsenic bushobora kwangiza uturemangingo tw'amaraso yawe. Guhura n'imirasire y'amaraso nabyo bishobora kugabanya uturemangingo tw'amaraso yawe.

• Gufata splenic:Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe zishobora gutuma uturemangingo tw’amaraso twiyongera mu gahu kawe. Indwara z’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri, indwara y’umwijima, na kanseri zimwe na zimwe zishobora kubitera. Iyo ibi bibaye, agahu gashobora kubyimba no kubabara (splenomegaly).

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, abaganga ntibashobora kubona impamvu nyayo y’iri gabanuka ry’uturemangingo tw’amaraso. Ibi byitwa idiopathic pancytopenia .

Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kurwara pancytopenia?

Umuntu wese ufite iyi ndwara twavuze mbere ashobora kurwara pancytopenia. Ariko, niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ufite ikibazo cy'amaraso, cyangwa niba urimo guhabwa imiti ya chimiotherapie igira ingaruka ku ikorwa ry'uturemangingo tw'amaraso, ushobora kurwara iyi ndwara.

Ni gute indwara ya pancytopenia ipimwa?

Umubare wuzuye w'amaraso (CBC) usanzwe ushobora gusuzuma urugero rw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso turi hasi. Ibi bipimo bishobora gutandukana gato bitewe n'ibintu nk'imyaka, ubwoko, n'ubuzima.

Izi nizo nzego muri rusange zifatwa nk'iziri hasi:

• Uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso: Ku bagore, uturemangingo turi munsi ya miliyoni 4.2 kuri mikorolitiro y'amaraso cyangwa munsi ya garama 12 (g) za hemoglobine (kuri desilitiro). Ku bagabo, uturemangingo turi munsi ya miliyoni 4.7 kuri mikorolitiro y'amaraso cyangwa munsi ya garama 13 za hemoglobine (kuri desilitiro).
• Uturemangingo tw’amaraso: Uturemangingo tw’amaraso turi munsi ya 4.000 kuri mikorolitiro imwe y’amaraso, cyangwa umubare wa neutrofili uri munsi ya 1.800 kuri mikorolitiro imwe y’amaraso. Uturemangingo tw’amaraso ni two tuboneka cyane mu turemangingo tw’amaraso, bityo iki kigereranyo ni ingenzi cyane.
• Platelets: Hari munsi ya platelets 150.000 kuri mikorolitero imwe y'amaraso.

Ni izihe suzuma zindi zirimo gukorwa kugira ngo hamenyekane impamvu?

Iyo umuganga wawe amaze kubona ko ufite pancytopenia, ashobora gukora ibindi bipimo kugira ngo amenye icyabiteye. Ushobora kandi gukenera kubonana n'umuganga w'inzobere mu ndwara z'amaraso (hematologist) .

Ibi bizamini bishobora kuba birimo:

• Gupima amaraso mu buryo budasanzwe: Iki kizamini kireba uturemangingo tw'amaraso yawe ukoresheje mikorosikopi. Niba hari uturemangingo dufite imiterere idasanzwe, gishobora gutanga igisubizo cy'icyabiteye.
• Ibipimo bya Vitamine B12 na folate: Pancytopenia nayo ikunze guterwa no kubura intungamubiri. Bityo rero gusuzuma ibi bipimo bishobora gufasha kumenya niba ari yo mpamvu.
• Gupima umwotsi w'amagufwa no kuwupima: Muri ubu buryo, muganga afata urugero ruto rw'umusozi w'amagufwa yawe akawupima kugira ngo arebe niba hari indwara zitera pancytopenia, nka kanseri.

Bitewe n'ibisubizo by'ibizamini byawe, amateka y'ubuzima bwawe, n'ibimenyetso by'uburwayi bwawe, muganga wawe ashobora no gukora ibizamini nk'ibi kugira ngo arebe izindi mpamvu:

• Ibizamini bya virusi.
• Ibizamini byo kwandura.
• Ibizamini by’indwara z’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri.
• Ibizamini byo kureba impinduka mu miterere y’uturemangingo (impinduka muri ADN yawe).

Pancytopenia ivurwa ite?

Ubuvuzi bwibanda cyane cyane ku gushaka impamvu nyamukuru y’iyi ndwara, kuyivura no kugabanya ibimenyetso. Hariho kandi uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora kongera umubare w’uturemangingo tw’amaraso yawe mu buryo butaziguye. Muri ubwo buryo harimo:

• Imiti: Hari imiti imwe n'imwe itera imbaraga umwongo w'amagufwa kandi ikawufasha gukora uturemangingo twinshi tw'amaraso.
• Guterwa amaraso: Niba umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso yawe uri hasi cyane kandi ukaba wagira ingaruka mbi ku buzima bwawe, ushobora guhabwa uturemangingo dutukura cyangwa uduce duto tw'amaraso.
• Gutera uturemangingo tw’umura cyangwa umworera w’amagufwa: Ubu buryo burimo gukuraho uturemangingo tw’umura tudakora neza (utu ni two turemangingo tw’ibanze mu mworera w’amagufwa dukora uturemangingo tw’amaraso) no gutera uturemangingo tw’umura tuzima.

Niba urugero rwa neutrophil rwawe ruri hasi cyane kandi ukaba uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kwandura indwara, ushobora no guhabwa imiti yica udukoko twinshi .

Ni iki umuntu urwaye pancytopenia yakwitega?

Amahirwe yawe yo gukira aterwa n'icyateye umubare muto w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso. Kugeza ubu nta makuru afatika agaragaza uburyo ubuvuzi bwa pancytopenia bwagenze neza. Ahubwo, abashakashatsi bareba uburyo ubuvuzi butanga umusaruro ku ndwara isanzwe.

Igikuru ni uko uko uburyo bwo kuvura indwara zisanzwe bugenda burushaho kuba bwiza, ingaruka ku bantu bafite pancytopenia nazo zirushaho kuba nziza. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kuganira na muganga wawe kuri ibi. Ashobora kukubwira amakuru agezweho y’ubushakashatsi no gusobanura uburyo bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe.

Ese pancytopenia ni indwara ikomeye?

Yego, bishobora kuba bikomeye. Biterwa kandi n'icyaba gitera uturemangingo tw'amaraso tuba duke. Niba ufite pancytopenia, muganga wawe azashakisha impamvu maze amenye uburemere bwayo.

Ni ryari nkwiye kujya kwa muganga (ETU) vuba bishoboka?

Pancytopenia ishobora kuba ikomeye kandi ikangiza ubuzima iyo itavuwe. Niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, jya mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze (ETU) ako kanya:

• Iyo umuriro uri hejuru ya dogere selisiyusi 38 (dogere selisiyusi 38).
• Niba watakaje ubwenge (wijimye).
• Niba ufite ikibazo gikomeye cyo guhumeka.
• Urujijo rutunguranye.
• Niba utangiye kugira ikibazo gishya cy'umutwe.
• Iyo habayeho kuva amaraso menshi.
• Niba ufite ububabare mu gatuza.
• Iyo habayeho icyorezo.

Pancytopenia ishobora kukugiraho ingaruka zitandukanye. Biterwa n'uburyo uturemangingo tw'amaraso dufite hasi n'impamvu nyamukuru. Niba umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso yawe ushyira mu kaga ko kubura amaraso, kwandura, cyangwa kuva amaraso menshi, kurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe witonze. Baza kandi ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza ko ugomba kujya kwa muganga wawe.

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Rero, ushobora kuba ubu usobanukiwe ko pancytopenia ari indwara aho uturemangingo tw’amaraso dutatu, ari two uturemangingo dutukura, uturemangingo twera, na plaquettes, tugabanuka icyarimwe. Hari impamvu nyinshi zibitera, kandi ibimenyetso nabyo biratandukanye.

Igikuru ni ukubonana na muganga niba ufite ibi bimenyetso. Hanyuma ashobora gusuzuma ikibazo hanyuma agatangira kuvurwa ukeneye. Iyo ubimenye hakiri kare, akenshi ushobora kwihanganira ibi bibazo neza. Rero, fata neza umubiri wawe, kandi niba ubonye ikindi kintu gitandukanye, komeza ubyitondere. Komeza ugire ubuzima bwiza!

Pancytopenia , Pancytopenia, Kubura uturemangingo tw'amaraso, Uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso, Uturemangingo tw'amaraso tw'umweru, Platelets, Umwongo w'amagufwa, Anemia, Leukopenia, Thrombocytopenia