Ese ni ukwibagirwa bizanwa n'indwara ya Parkinson? Reka tuvuge ku ndwara ya Parkinson Dementia!

Ese umuryango wawe, wenda mama wawe, so wawe, cyangwa undi muntu wa hafi wawe arwaye indwara ya Parkinson? Ese umuntu nk'uwo yagiye yibagirwa ibintu buhoro buhoro, akagorwa no gukora ibintu byari byoroshye mbere, cyangwa wabonye impinduka mu buryo atekereza? Mu by'ukuri, hari ikibazo cyo kwibuka no gutekereza gishobora kuzanwa n'indwara ya Parkinson. Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga kuri iyi ndwara yitwa `(Parkinson's Disease Dementia)`. Ntutinye, reka tubisobanukirwe mu buryo bworoshye.

Indwara ya Parkinson's Dementia ni iki?

Mu magambo make, indwara ya Parkinson's Disease Dementia (PDD) ni ukugabanuka k'ubushobozi bwo gutekereza no gutekereza bibaho ku muntu urwaye indwara ya Parkinson, nibura umwaka umwe nyuma yo kumenyekana ko afite iyo ndwara (ubusanzwe igihe kirekire cyane).

Hari abantu bagira ubwoba iyo bumvise ijambo "Dementia." Ariko reka dusobanukirwe icyo ari cyo. Dementia ni indwara ituma imikorere y'ubwonko bw'umuntu igabanuka nkuko byari bimeze mbere, bigatuma bigorana gukora imirimo ya buri munsi. Kugira ngo iyi mikorere y'ubwonko igire ingaruka mbi, nibura bibiri muri ibi bikurikira bigomba kuba bidafite aho bihuriye:

• Kwibuka
• Gutekereza mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro
• Ururimi (kuvuga, kumva)
• Guhuza ibintu
• Imyitwarire

Akenshi, mbere yuko iki kibazo gikomeye kibaho, indwara yitwa "Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)" ishobora kubaho, irangwa n'ibibazo bito byo kwibuka cyangwa kugabanuka gato k'umuvuduko wo gutekereza. Ibi bivuze ko kwibuka biba byangiritse gato, nubwo bitabangamira cyane imirimo ya buri munsi. Ariko, si abantu bose barwaye "MCI" bahinduka "Dementia". Hagati ya 10% na 20% by'abantu barwaye indwara ya Parkinson bashobora kugira "MCI" gusa mu buzima bwabo bwose.

Nkuko mubizi, indwara ya Parkinson ni indwara itera ubwonko kwangirika, cyangwa indwara y'ubwonko igabanya buhoro buhoro uturemangingo tw'imitsi. Igira ingaruka cyane cyane ku mikorere y'umubiri. Ibimenyetso nko kunyeganyega amaboko no kugenda buhoro (bradykinesia) ni byo bigaragara bwa mbere. Ariko, uko igihe kigenda gihita, iyi ndwara ishobora no kugira ingaruka ku bice by'ubwonko bigenzura imitekerereze n'ibikorwa. Ni bwo indwara yo kwibagirwa ibaho.

Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara gute?

Ingaruka zo kurwara indwara ya Parkinson's dementia ziratandukanye bitewe n'imyaka n'igihe umaze urwaye indwara ya Parkinson's. Urugero:

• Hagati ya 16% na 20% by'abantu bari hagati y'imyaka 60 na 75 bamaze hagati y'imyaka 5 na 10 barwaye indwara ya Parkinson.
• Hagati ya 20% na 30% by'abantu bari hagati y'imyaka 60 na 75 bamaze imyaka 10 kugeza kuri 15 barwaye indwara ya Parkinson.
• Iyi ndwara ishobora kugaragara ku bantu bari hagati ya 50% na 60% barengeje imyaka 75 bamaze imyaka irenga 15 barwaye indwara ya Parkinson.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'indwara ya Parkinson's Dementia?

Uburyo iyi ndwara igira ingaruka kuri buri muntu bushobora gutandukana, ariko hari ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe bikunze kugaragara:

• Kugorwa no kwibanda ku kintu kimwe: Kugorwa no gukomeza kwibanda ku kintu kimwe, byoroshye kurangara.
• Gutakaza ubwenge: Kugorwa no kwibuka ibintu bishya, ndetse rimwe na rimwe no kwibagirwa ibya kera.
• Ibibazo byo gusobanukirwa amakuru aboneka: Urugero, kugorwa no kubona ikintu kimwe ahantu hahurira abantu benshi.
• Ndetse n'umurimo woroshye ushobora kugorana kuwutegura, kuwutangiza no kuwurangiza.
• Ingorane z'ururimi: Amagambo aravangwa, amazina y'ibintu akibagirana, kandi interuro zikomeye zigorana kumva.
• Imvugo ntiyoroheye, nk'ukuvuga nabi.

Byongeye kandi, impinduka mu myitwarire zishobora kubaho:

• Impinduka mu miterere y'imitekerereze: kwiyongera k'agahinda (kwiheba), kurakara kenshi (kurakara), no guhangayika.
• Kutagira icyo ukora: Kudashaka gukora ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose, kumva urambiwe ibintu byose.
• Imitekerereze yo mu mutwe: Kubona ibintu bitari ukuri (cyane cyane ibyo umuntu abona), cyangwa kwemera ibintu bitari ukuri (cyane cyane ibitekerezo bitera ubwoba).

Niba wowe cyangwa uwo ukunda afite ibi bimenyetso, ni ngombwa cyane kugana muganga kugira ngo akugire inama. Ushobora gusobanukirwa uko ibintu bimeze no gufata ingamba zikenewe nta bwoba.

Kuki indwara ya Parkinson itera kwiheba?

Impamvu nyamukuru ibitera ni ukwirundanya kwa poroteyine zidasanzwe zitwa `(Lewy bodies)` mu bwonko. Izi `(Lewy bodies)` ni uduce duto dukozwe muri poroteyine yitwa `(alpha-synuclein)`. Iyo izi poroteyine zirundanyije mu tunyangingo tw'imitsi `(neurons)` tw'ubwonko, utwo tunyangingo turangirika tugapfa.

Mu ndwara ya Parkinson, iyi `(Lewy bodies)` itangira gushyirwa mu bice by'ubwonko bigenzura ingendo, cyane cyane mu gace ka `(basal ganglia)`. Niyo mpamvu ibibazo byo kugenda nk'imitingito no kugenda buhoro bibaho bwa mbere. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, iyi `(Lewy bodies)` ishobora gukwirakwira mu bice byo hejuru by'ubwonko bigenzura ibintu nko gutekereza, kwibuka, n'ururimi. Icyo gihe ni bwo `(Parkinson's Disease Dementia)` ibaho.

Iyi ndwara isa cyane n'ubundi bwoko bw'indwara yo kwibagirwa yitwa Lewy body dementia (LBD). Mu by'ukuri, bamwe mu bahanga mu bya siyansi bizera ko indwara zombi ziterwa n'impinduka zimwe mu bwonko ziterwa na poroteyine alpha-synuclein. Itandukaniro rikomeye ni uko ibimenyetso bikurikirana. Tuzabivugaho mu kanya gato.

Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kurwara iyi ndwara?

Ibintu bibiri by'ingenzi bishobora gutera indwara yo kwibagirwa indwara ya Parkinson ni ibi bikurikira:

1. Imyaka igenda yiyongera: Ibi byago biriyongera uko imyaka igenda ishira.

2. Kwiyongera kw'igihe umuntu arwaye indwara ya Parkinson: Uko iyo ndwara ikomeje kubaho, niko ibyago byo kurwara indwara yo kwibagirwa birushaho kwiyongera.

Byongeye kandi, ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko abantu bafite ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe by'indwara ya Parkinson nabo bafite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara indwara yo kwibagirwa. Ibyo bimenyetso birimo:

• Kugira ibimenyetso bikomeye by'imitsi: Niba ufite ibimenyetso bikomeye nko guhinda umushyitsi no kugorwa no kugenda.
• Mu ntangiriro z'indwara ya Parkinson , ibibazo by'imitsi ikora ku buryo bworoshye (urugero, hypotension orthostatic, kunanirwa kwifata mu nkari) bishobora kubaho.
• Indwara zo kugenda zigira ingaruka ku mpande zombi z'umubiri kimwe (ibimenyetso by'imikorere y'umubiri).
• Imiti ikoresha dopamine ivura indwara ya Parkinson ntabwo ikora neza nkuko byari byitezwe.
• Kugira indwara yitwa "REM sleep behavior disorder" (aho ukina ibyo urota).

Ubimenya ute neza?

Ikibabaje ni uko nta kizamini cyihariye gishobora kwemeza ako kanya ko umuntu afite indwara ya Parkinson's Disease Dementia. Muganga asuzuma ibintu byinshi:

• Barakubaza igihe ibimenyetso byawe byatangiriye n'uko byahindutse.
• Baza amateka yawe yose y'ubuvuzi.
• Ndareba imiti urimo gufata ubu.
• Baza niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ufite izi ndwara.

Byongeye kandi, hari ibizamini bimwe na bimwe bishobora gukorwa kugira ngo bifashe mu gusuzuma. Urugero, ibizamini by'amaraso, ibizamini byo gufata amashusho y'ubwonko (nk'ibizamini bya CT, ibizamini bya MRI), n'ibizamini by'ubwonko bipima ubushobozi bwo gutekereza.

Nkuko nabivuze mbere, ibimenyetso n'impamvu za Parkinson's Disease Dementia (PDD) na Lewy Body Dementia (LBD) birasa cyane. Rero, hari uburyo abaganga bakoresha kugira ngo batandukanye hagati y'ibyo byombi:

• Iyo ibimenyetso byo kwibagirwa (nk'ubusa bwo kwibuka) bigaragaye nibura umwaka umwe (ubusanzwe imyaka myinshi) nyuma y'uko indwara ya Parkinson itangiye kugaragara nk'indwara yo kwimuka (nk'imitingito, kugenda buhoro), byitwa Parkinson's Disease Dementia (PDD).
• Iyo ibimenyetso bya 'dementia' bigaragara mbere, mu gihe cyangwa mu mwaka umwe uhereye igihe Parkinson's diseases itangiriye, byitwa '(Lewy body dementia - LBD)'. Bamwe mu barwayi ba '(LBD)' bashobora kutagira Parkinson's diseases.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura ibi?

Ikibazo abantu benshi bibaza ni ukumenya niba hari umuti uvura ibi, cyangwa niba ushobora gukira. Mu by'ukuri, nta muti uhari ushobora guhagarika cyangwa gusubiza inyuma iterambere rya Parkinson's Disease Dementia. Ibyo ni ibintu bibabaje gato.

Ariko ntucike intege! Hari imiti n'uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora gufasha mu kugenzura cyangwa kugabanya bimwe mu bimenyetso. Urugero:

• `(Imiti ibuza kolinesterase)`:Imiti yo muri uru rwego, nka donepezil (Aricept®), rivastigmine (Exelon®), na galantamine (Razadyne®), ishobora kugabanya ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe, cyane cyane kureba ibintu mu buryo butunguranye, impinduka mu mitekerereze, n'impinduka mu myitwarire.
• Imiti igabanya ubukana bwa serotonin (SSRIs) n'imiti igabanya ubukana bwa serotonin na norepinephrine (SNRIs): Iyi ni imiti ikunze kwandikirwa abantu barwaye indwara yo kwiheba. Ishobora gufasha mu kugenzura ihindagurika ry'amarangamutima nk'agahinda, uburakari n'ubwoba.
• Ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire bushingiye ku mitekerereze (CBT): Ubu ni ubwoko bw'ubuvuzi bwo mu mutwe, ari na bwo buryo bwo kuvura mu biganiro. Bushobora gufasha mu guhangana n'ibibazo nk'ibibazo by'imyitwarire n'imihangayiko.

Itsinda ry'abaganga bawe rizaganira nawe maze rigufashe icyemezo cy'uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura. Ariko ibuka ikintu kimwe. Imiti imwe ishobora gutuma ibimenyetso by'indwara yo kwiheba birushaho kwiyongera. Urugero, carbidopa-levodopa, umuti ukoreshwa cyane mu kuvura indwara yo kwiheba ya Parkinson, ushobora kongera uburangare no kwitiranya abantu bamwe na bamwe bafite indwara yo kwiheba ya Parkinson. Rero, ntugatangire cyangwa ngo uhagarike gufata imiti iyo ari yo yose utabanje kugisha inama muganga.

Hashobora kuba hari igeragezwa ry’ubuvuzi riri gukorwa ku miti mishya ivura indwara ya Parkinson's Disease Dementia. Ushobora no kubaza muganga wawe kuri ibyo.

Ibi bintu birimo kugenda bite mu gihe kiri imbere? (Ibisobanuro)

Igipimo cy’indwara ku muntu urwaye iyi ndwara giterwa n’ibintu byinshi. Ariko, kimwe n’indwara ya Parkinson, indwara ya Parkinson ikunze kugaragara nk’indwara yo mu bwonko igenda irushaho kuba mbi uko igihe kigenda gihita. Nubwo kuvurwa bishobora kugabanya ibimenyetso, ubuzima bushobora kugabanuka.

Ibi bishobora kwiyongera vuba gute?

Igipimo cy’indwara ya Parkinson iterwa na Dementia gihinduka cyane bitewe n’umuntu ku giti cye, kimwe n’uko indwara ya Parkinson ikomeza kwiyongera. Itsinda ry’abaganga rishobora kuguha wowe n’umuryango wawe igitekerezo cy’icyo mugomba kwitega bitewe n’uburwayi bwanyu.

Ese ibi ntibishobora kwirindwa ko bibaho?

Ikibabaje ni uko nta cyakorwa ubu kugira ngo hirindwe ko indwara ya Parkinson's Disease Dementia idakura. Nanone, nta buryo bwo kugabanya ibyago byo kuyirwara.

Ni gute twafasha umuntu ufite indwara yo kwibagirwa indwara ya Parkinson?

Niba umukunda afite iyi ndwara, uretse gukorana n'itsinda ry'abaganga kugira ngo bamuhe ubuvuzi bwiza, hari n'ibindi bintu byinshi ushobora gukora:

• Menya byinshi bishoboka ku ndwara ya Parkinson's Disease Dementia: Uko urushaho kuyimenya, niko bizakorohera guhangana n'ibiri imbere. Kandi, uzashobora kuvuganira neza uwo ukunda.
• Oroshya ibidukikije bye:Kura ibintu bitari ngombwa mu nzu kandi ubishyire mu buryo. Ibi bishobora kugabanya urujijo rwo mu mutwe bagira. Gucana urumuri ruto nijoro bishobora gufasha kugabanya uburyo bwo kubona nabi.
• Shyiraho gahunda ihoraho: Kugira gahunda ihoraho, nko kurya, kwiyuhagira no kuryama icyarimwe buri munsi, bishobora gufasha abantu barwaye indwara ya Parkinson's Dementia kumva bamerewe neza kandi bafite umutekano.
• Jya mu itsinda ry’abaterankunga: Huza uwo ukunda nawe ubwawe mu matsinda y’abaterankunga abarwayi ba Parkinson n’imiryango yabo. Aya matsinda ashobora gutanga amakuru y’ingirakamaro, inama, no gusangira ubunararibonye. Ibi ni imbaraga zikomeye muri uru rugendo.

Ese indwara ya Parkinson's dementia itandukanye n'izindi ndwara zisanzwe zo mu mutwe?

Hari impamvu nyinshi zitera indwara yo kwibagirwa, kandi ibimenyetso biratandukanye. Indwara ya Alzheimer ni yo ndwara ikunze kugaragara cyane. Dukurikije abahanga mu bya siyansi, ibimenyetso by'indwara yo kwibagirwa ya Parkinson bitandukanye gato n'iby'indwara yo kwibagirwa ya Alzheimer. Urugero:

• Abantu barwaye indwara ya Parkinson Dementia bakunze kugira uburangare no kugorwa no kwita ku bintu kurusha abafite indwara ya Alzheimer.
• Abantu barwaye indwara ya Alzheimer bashobora kugira ibibazo byo kuvuga mbere kurusha abafite indwara ya Parkinson. Nanone, abantu barwaye Alzheimer bagorwa no kwibuka ibintu bishya kurusha abafite indwara ya Parkinson.

Ese hari ibyiciro bitandukanye by'indwara yo kwibagirwa ya Parkinson?

Abaganga bemeye uburyo bwo gushyira indwara ya Parkinson mu byiciro bitandukanye. Ariko, nta buryo bwihariye bwo gushyira indwara ya Parkinson mu byiciro bitandukanye. Ibi biterwa nuko uburyo igira ingaruka kuri buri wese n'umuvuduko wayo urushaho kwiyongera bitandukanye cyane. Kubwibyo, biragoye ku bahanga mu bya siyansi n'abaganga kuyishyira mu byiciro byihariye.

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka

Ntabwo byoroshye kumenya ko urwaye indwara ya Parkinson, indwara igira ingaruka ku kwibuka kwawe kandi ishobora kugira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwawe bwo gukora. Ni ibisanzwe kumva ubabaye, ubabaye, kandi ufite ubwoba bw'ejo hazaza. Wibuke ko utari wenyine muri iki gihe. Shaka ubufasha ukeneye n'abakunzi bawe, umuryango wawe, inshuti zawe, cyane cyane itsinda ry'abaganga bawe.

Wibuke ko nubwo kuvurwa bidashobora gukiza iyi ndwara burundu, bishobora gufasha mu kugenzura ibimenyetso no kunoza ubuzima ku rugero runaka. Rero, ntucike intege ahubwo komeza uru rugendo uhawe n'ubufasha.

Parkinson , indwara yo kwibagirwa, gutakaza kwibuka, indwara zo mu bwonko, Lewy bodies, indwara zo mu bwonko, ubuvuzi bw'abageze mu zabukuru