Ese umwana wawe akunze gufatwa n'ibicurane kandi akagira izuru rizibye? Cyangwa ababyeyi bawe bageze mu za bukuru bahura n'inkorora no kugorwa no guhumeka? Izi ndwara rimwe na rimwe zishobora kuba ibimenyetso by'indwara ikomeye nk'umusonga. Ariko ntugahangayike, hari uburyo bwiza bwo kurinda abana bacu n'abantu bakuru indwara nk'izo ziteje akaga. Urwo ni urukingo rwa pneumococcal. Uyu munsi, tuzaganira kuri byose kuri uru rukingo.
Urukingo rwa Pneumococcal ni iki?
Mu magambo make, ibi ni nk'igikingira giterwa mu mibiri yacu. Uru rukingo ruturinda indwara ziterwa na bagiteri ya Streptococcus pneumoniae. Iyi bagiteri ni yo twita 'pneumococcus' mu magambo ahinnye.
Iyi bagiteri ishobora gutera indwara zikomeye zo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero (guhumeka nabi) n'izindi ngorane zikomeye, cyane cyane ku bana bato n'abageze mu za bukuru. Ibi nibyo dukoresha uru rukingo kugira ngo turinde.
Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'inkingo za pneumococcal zikoreshwa muri iki gihe. Zitwa 'inkingo za conjugate'. Ibi bivuze ko zagenewe gukangura neza ubushobozi bw'umubiri wacu bwo kurwanya indwara (ubudahangarwa). Ubwoko bw'ingenzi ni ubu:
- PCV13
- PCV15
- PCV20
- PCV21
Imibare iri muri aya mazina igaragaza umubare w'ubwoko bwa bagiteri za pneumococcus urukingo rushobora kugenzura.
Byongeye kandi, hari urundi rukingo rwa kera rwitwa `PPSV23`. Ubusanzwe uru rukingo ruhabwa abana barengeje imyaka 2, abafite indwara zimwe na zimwe zidakira, n'abantu bakuru bamaze guhabwa urukingo rwa PCV15.
Ni izihe ndwara ziterwa n'indwara ya pneumococcal?
Iyo bagiteri ya pneumococcus yinjiye mu mibiri yacu, ishobora gutera indwara zitandukanye zikomeye. Hari abantu bashobora kugira iyi bagiteri mu mihogo yabo nta bimenyetso. Ariko, ndetse n'abo bantu bashobora kuyikwirakwiza mu bandi binyuze mu tudomo duto dusohoka iyo bahumeka, bakorora, cyangwa bakoroye.
Uru rukingo ruturinda indwara zikomeye nka:
| Indwara | Ibisobanuro byoroshye |
|---|---|
| Meningite iterwa na bagiteri | Kwandura uduce duto dukikije ubwonko n'umugongo. Ibi bishobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye nko kwibagirwa, koma, urupfu, ubuhumyi, cyangwa ubumuga. |
| Umusonga | Indwara y'ibihaha. Ibi bitera inkorora, umuriro, no guhumeka bigoranye. |
| Ubwandu bwo mu matwi yo hagati (Otitis Media) | Ibimenyetso birimo kubabara mu matwi, kubyimba, kudasinzira neza, umuriro, ndetse no ku bana bato, kurira kenshi. |
| Bacteremia | Indwara iteje akaga aho mikorobe zinjira mu maraso zigakwirakwira mu mubiri wose. |
| Indwara za Sinus | Indwara zijyanye n'imiyoboro yo mu maso (sinuses). |
Tekereza, mbere y’uko uru rukingo rutangira gukoreshwa, umubare munini w’abana bari munsi y’imyaka 5 bapfuye bazize umusonga ku isi yose. Ariko nyuma y’uko uru rukingo rutangiye gukoreshwa mu 2000, ikwirakwira ry’iyi ndwara mu bana n’abantu bakuru ryaragabanutse cyane.
Ese koko izi nkingo zitekanye? Ese hari ingaruka mbi zihari?
Yego rwose. Urukingo rwa PCV na PPSV byombi ni rwiza cyane . Kimwe n'indi miti iyo ari yo yose, hari amahirwe make yo kugira ubwivumbure, ariko ibyago byo kwangirika bikomeye cyangwa gupfa ni bike cyane.
Izi ni zo ngaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara:
- Ku bana bato (nyuma yo gukingirwa PCV):
- Gutukura, ububabare buto, cyangwa kubyimba aho bateye inshinge.
- Umuriro uri hasi (hafi umwana umwe kuri batatu).
- Umuriro utari mwinshi (hafi umwana umwe kuri 50).
- Hari igihe umuntu abura ubushake bwo kurya, kurira kenshi, cyangwa gusinzira.
- Ku bantu bakuru (nyuma yo gukingirwa PPSV):
- Ugutukura cyangwa ububabare aho batewe inshinge (hafi umuntu 1 kuri 2).
- Abatageze kuri 1% bahura n'ibintu nk'umuriro cyangwa ububabare bw'imitsi.
Igikuru ni uko ingaruka nyinshi muri izi ziba nke cyane kandi zishira burundu mu minsi mike.
Ni nde ugomba kubona uru rukingo? Ryari?
Reka turebe abo uru rukingo rusabwa gukora n'ingengabihe rukwiye gutangwa.
Ku bana bato n'impinja
Ni byiza ko abana bose bari munsi y'imyaka 2 bahabwa doze 4 z'urukingo, muri uru rutonde:
- Igipimo cya mbere: Ku mezi 2
- Igipimo cya kabiri: Ku mezi 4
- Igipimo cya gatatu: Ku mezi 6
- Igipimo cy'umuvuduko: Hagati y'amezi 12-15
Niba ku mpamvu runaka urukingo rudashobora gutangwa muri iki gihe, muganga azatanga ingengabihe ikwiye ishingiye ku myaka y'umwana.
Ku bana bafite imyaka 2-18
Abana batarangije uru rukingo bakiri abana cyangwa bafite indwara zidasanzwe, nk'indwara zidakira z'impyiko, nabo bashobora guhabwa uru rukingo. Muganga wawe azagena ubwoko n'ingengabihe ikwiye yo kuruhabwa.
Ku bantu bakuru
Umuntu wese mukuru ufite ubuzima bwiza urengeje imyaka 50 ashobora kubona urukingo muri bumwe muri ubu buryo bukurikira:
- Igipimo kimwe cy'urukingo rwa PCV15, hanyuma umwaka umwe nyuma y'urukingo rwa PPSV23.
- Igipimo kimwe cy'urukingo rwa PCV20.
- Igipimo kimwe cy'urukingo rwa PCV21.
Ku bari mu kaga gakomeye
Abari hagati y'imyaka 18 na 49, ariko bafite ikibazo cy'uburwayi (urugero: diyabete, indwara z'umutima, indwara z'ibihaha, kanseri, VIH/SIDA) cyangwa imiti (urugero: steroide, chemotherapy) igabanya imbaraga z'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, nabo bashobora guhabwa urukingo nk'uko abantu bakuru babivuze.
Ushobora kuba utekereza uti 'Ubu mfite imyaka 50, mfite ubuzima bwiza, none se ibi ndabikeneye?' Mu by'ukuri, yego. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko abantu bakuru bari hagati y'imyaka 50 na 64 ari bo bafite ibyago bya kabiri byo kurwara iyi ndwara.
Kubwibyo, niba ufite imyaka irenga 50, cyangwa ufite indwara idakira nka diyabete, indwara z'umutima, cyangwa asima, ni ingamba nziza zo kwirinda kuvugisha muganga wawe ukabona uru rukingo. Kuko igipimo cy'impfu mu bantu bakuru bazize iyi ndwara kiri hejuru cyane.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Urukingo rwa pneumococcal ni urukingo rw'ingenzi cyane rwo kwirinda indwara zikomeye nka pneumonia na meningitis.
- Uru rukingo rusabwa cyane cyane ku bana bato bari hagati y'amezi 2 n'imyaka 2 ndetse no ku bantu bakuru bose barengeje imyaka 50.
- Ni ingenzi cyane ku muntu wese w’imyaka iyo ari yo yose ufite indwara zidakira nka diyabete, indwara z’umutima, indwara z’ibihaha, indwara z’impyiko, cyangwa kanseri kubona uru rukingo.
- Ingaruka nyinshi zikomoka ku rukingo ni nto cyane kandi zishira mu munsi umwe cyangwa ibiri.
- Niba wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mufite impungenge ku bijyanye no guhabwa uru rukingo, menya neza ko mwavugana na muganga w’umuryango wanyu.
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