Ese nawe ufite ikibazo cyo kureba hafi nyuma y'imyaka 40? Reka tuvuge kuri Presbyopia!

Ese nawe birakugora kureba ikinyamakuru, gusoma igitabo, cyangwa kureba agace gato kanditse kuri telefoni yawe? Wenda ugomba gufata igitabo kure gato kugira ngo ukisome? Cyangwa amaso yawe arababara kandi ukumva unaniwe iyo urimo gukora akazi ka hafi? Akenshi, ibi biterwa n'indwara tuvuga uyu munsi (Presbyopia). Si ikintu cyo gutinya, si indwara, ni ikintu kibaho ku bantu benshi uko bagenda bakura.

Presbyopia ni iki? Reka tubisobanukirwe mu buryo bworoshye!

Muri make, presbyopia ni ugutakaza ubushobozi bwawe bwo kwibanda neza ku bintu biri hafi yawe uko ugenda usaza. Ibi bibaho kubera ko lensi karemano iri mu maso yacu itakaza ubushobozi bwayo bwo kwiyoroshya uko dusaza.

Ubusanzwe indwara ya Presbyopia itangira ahagana ku myaka 40. Hanyuma ishobora kwiyongera buhoro buhoro kugeza hafi ku myaka 60-65. Ushobora gusanga gukora imirimo yo hafi nko gusoma igitabo cyangwa ikinyamakuru cyangwa gushyira urushinge mu ruziga birushaho kugorana kurusha mbere. Kuri bamwe, ibi bishobora gutera kuribwa umutwe, kunanirwa amaso, no kunanirwa amaso.

Igikuru ni uko Presbyopia atari indwara. Ni ikintu gisanzwe mu gusaza. Nk'uko umusatsi wacu uhinduka imvi. Ni ikosa ryo gusubira inyuma mu maso, ari naryo rihinduka gato mu buryo urumuri rwibanda imbere mu jisho. Igice cyiza ni uko bishobora gukosorwa byoroshye n'indorerwamo, indorerwamo z'amaso, cyangwa kubagwa.

Iyi ndwara (Presbyopia) ikunze kugaragara gute?

Presbyopia ni indwara ikunze kugaragara cyane. Si wowe wenyine, ni abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni ku isi. Kugeza mu 2015, abantu bagera kuri miliyari 1.8 ku isi yose bari bafite presbyopia. Abashakashatsi bateganya ko mu 2030, uyu mubare uzagera kuri miliyari 2.1. Bityo rero urabona ukuntu ibi bikunze kugaragara.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya presbyopia? Reba niba nawe ufite ibi!

Reba niba ufite ibi bintu:

• Gukenera urumuri rwinshi rwo gusoma: Ese wumva ukeneye urumuri rwinshi kugira ngo usome ibintu wasomaga ukoresheje urumuri rusanzwe?
• Kubona nabi iyo usoma ahantu hasanzwe: Ese inyandiko ntisobanutse neza iyo ufashe ikinyamakuru cyangwa igitabo mu buryo busanzwe?
• Gufata ibintu usoma kure: Iki ni ikintu abantu benshi basanga kidasanzwe. Ese ugomba gufata telefoni yawe cyangwa ugafata igitabo kure cyane?
• Kubabara umutwe iyo urimo gukora akazi ka hafi: Ese ubabara umutwe nyuma yo gusoma igitabo cyangwa gukora ikintu cyo kudoda?
• Guhangayika amaso: Ese amaso yawe arababara, wumva asa n'aho arimo gukururwa imbere, cyangwa wumva ananiwe?

Niba ufite kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi bimenyetso, bishobora kuba biterwa na presbyopia.

Kuki turwara presbyopia? Ni iyihe mpamvu?

Impamvu nyamukuru ituma habaho indwara ya presbyopia ni impinduka ziba mu maso yacu uko tugenda dusaza. Iyo tukiri bato, ni ukuvuga mu myaka mike ya mbere y'ubuzima, lens iri mu maso yacu iba yoroshye cyane kandi yoroshye. Iyo urebye ikintu kiri kure hanyuma ukareba ikintu kiri hafi, iyi lens ishobora guhindura imiterere yayo vuba cyane. Ubu bushobozi kandi twita "accommodation". Ibi biterwa nuko imirasire y'urumuri igwa neza neza kuri "retina" maze tukabona neza.

Tekereza ijisho ryawe nk'aho ari kamera. Ijisho rya kamera rishobora kwibanda ku bintu biri hafi n'ibiri kure. Ijisho ryacu, hamwe n'igice cy'imbere cy'ijisho kigaragara cyitwa cornea, bitanga ubwo buryo bwo kureba neza. Kugira ngo usobanukirwe presbyopia, ni byiza kumenya bike kuri ubu buryo:

1. Ijisho ry'ijisho rihinduka nk'uko umucyo winjira mu jisho.

2. Hanyuma, umutsi muto ufite ishusho nk'iy'uruziga ukikije lens urafunga cyangwa uraruhuka. Iki gikorwa gihindura imiterere y'lens kandi bigatuma ibintu biri hafi cyangwa kure biba biri imbere. Iyo ikintu kiri kure, imitsi iraruhuka. Iyo kiri hafi, imitsi irafunga.

3. Umucyo ugwa kuri retina. Uru ni urugingo ruri inyuma y'ijisho . Ibi nibyo bihindura urumuri mo ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi.

4. Umutsi w'amatwi ujyana ibyo bimenyetso mu bwonko. Ni bwo tubona ishusho.

Uko tugenda dusaza, lensi y'amaso yacu ikomeza gukura. Kimwe n'igitunguru, hongerwamo utunyangingo dushya. Ibi bituma lensi ikomera kandi igatakaza ubushobozi bwo kuyihindura. Kubera iyo mpamvu, urumuri ntirwibanda neza kuri retina. Iki ni cyo gihe ibintu biri hafi yacu bitangira kugaragara nk'ibidasobanutse neza. Iyi ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru itera presbyopia.

Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kurwara presbyopia?

Impamvu nyamukuru ishobora gutera ibyago ni ukuba ufite imyaka irenga 40. Ariko, imiti imwe n'imwe n'indwara zishobora gutera presbyopia ku bantu bari munsi y'imyaka 40. Ibi tubyita "presbyopia itaragera" cyangwa "presbyopia itaragera".

Ibintu bishobora gutera indwara ya presbyopia birimo:

• Kugira ubushobozi bwo kureba kure (Hyperopia).
• Ikoreshwa ry'imiti imwe n'imwe. Urugero, imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara z'ubwivumbure n'imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara z'ihungabana.
• Kugira indwara zimwe na zimwe. Urugero: Diyabete Mellitus, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Indwara z'umutima n'imitsi.

Wamenya ute ko ufite presbyopia?

Umuganga w’amaso, ni ukuvuga umuganga w’inzobere mu by’amaso, ashobora gusuzuma neza indwara ya presbyopia binyuze mu isuzuma ry’amaso.

Igice cy'ingenzi cy'iki kizamini cyitwa "isuzuma rya refraction." Iki kizamini gipima uburyo ushobora kubona neza mu ntera zitandukanye. Iki kizamini gishobora kubwira muganga wawe niba ufite presbyopia, ibindi bibazo byo kureba nko kutareba neza, kureba hafi (Myopia) cyangwa kureba kure (Hyperopia).

Ni iyihe miti ivura presbyopia?

Bitewe n'ubuzima bwawe, imibereho yawe, n'ibyo ukunda, umuganga w'amaso ashobora kukugira inama imwe cyangwa nyinshi muri izi zikurikira:

• Indorerwamo z'amaso
• Indorerwamo z'amaso
• Kubaga
• Ibitonyanga by'amaso

Reka tuvuge kuri buri kimwe muri ibi mu buryo burambuye.

Indorerwamo z'amaso

Waba warigeze gukoresha indorerwamo mu kindi kibazo cyo kureba mbere, ubu ushobora kuba igihe cyo guhindura ukajya ku bwoko bw'indorerwamo nziza bujyanye n'amaso yawe ahinduka. Dore amwe mu mahitamo:

• Indorerwamo zo gusoma / Abasomyi: Izi ni nziza ku bantu bafite ikibazo cyo kutabona hafi (Myopia), kureba kure (Hyperopia), cyangwa bafite astigmatism. Ushobora kugura Abasomyi kuri farumasi. Ariko, ni byiza kubaza muganga wawe imbaraga zo kongera ubwiza zikubereye. Ubundi buryo, ushobora kubona indorerwamo zo gusoma zanditswe na muganga zakozwe kugira ngo zijyane n'amaso yombi.
• Bifocals: Izi ndorerwamo, akenshi zihabwa imiti ivura presbyopia, zifite imiti ibiri ikoreshwa muri lens imwe. Igice cyo hejuru cy'indorerwamo gifasha kureba kure, naho igice gito kiri hepfo gifasha kureba hafi.
• Trifocals: Izi zifite lens eshatu: imwe yo kureba hafi, indi yo kureba hagati (hafi metero imwe n'igice), n'indi yo kureba kure.
• Progressives: Izi ni lenses nyinshi, kimwe na bifocals. Ariko, guhinduranya imiti kuva kuri imwe ujya ku yindi bigenda buhoro buhoro. Abantu benshi bahitamo progressives kuko badakunda imirongo iri mu ndorerwamo zabo.
• Indabyo zo mu biro: Izi ndorerwamo zagenewe gukoreshwa hafi mu biro. Ibyo bivuze gukora kuri mudasobwa, kwandika, nibindi. Iyo uhagurutse ku meza yawe, ugomba kuzikuramo kugira ngo urebe kure.

Amarangi yo kubonana

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa lenzi zishobora kugufasha kureba neza niba ufite presbyopia. Hitamo ubwoko bwa lenzi bugufasha kureba neza:

• Indorerwamo zo mu bwoko bwa "Bifocal contact lenses": Indorerwamo nyayo ya "Bifocal" ifasha mu ngingo ebyiri, akenshi hafi na kure. Ziza mu bwoko bwa "zoroshye" cyangwa "zishobora kwinjira muri gaze".
• Indorerwamo zo mu bwoko bwa Multifocal contact lenses:Lenseri za ``Multifocal`` zisa na lenseri za ``Bifocal```, kandi amazina yombi akunze gukoreshwa mu buryo bumwe. Ariko, lenseri ya ``Multifocal`` ishobora kuba irimo ibice birenga bibiri by’ingenzi, bivuze agace ko hagati ka metero imwe n’imwe. Izi nazo ziza mu bwoko bworoshye n’ubukomere.
• Lenseri zo mu jisho rimwe zigufasha kureba kure, mu gihe lenseri yo mu jisho rimwe igufasha kureba hafi. Ubwonko bwawe buzagenda bumenyera iyi sisitemu buhoro buhoro, ariko bishobora gufata ibyumweru bibiri kugira ngo ubyiyumvemo neza.
• Indorerwamo za monovision zahinduwe: Muri ubu buryo, wambara lensi kugira ngo urebe hafi cyangwa kure mu jisho rimwe, na lensi ya "multifocal" kugira ngo urebe intera yose mu jisho rindi.

Kubaga

Mbere yo gufata icyemezo cyo kubagwa, ganira na muganga wawe ku buzima bw'amaso yawe, amateka y'ubuzima bw'umuryango wawe, n'imibereho yawe. Ku bakoresha `(Abasomyi)` gusa, ingaruka zo kubagwa zishobora kuruta inyungu.

Ubu buryo butatu bwa laser bukosora presbyopia hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa monovision (ijisho rimwe riri kure, irindi riri hafi):

• Kubaga LASIK: ``Laser in-situ keratomileusis / LASIK'' ni uburyo buzwi bwo kubaga bukoreshwa mu gukosora amaso ku bantu bafite ikibazo cyo kutabona hafi (Myopia), kureba kure (Hyperopia), cyangwa astigmatism.
• Kubagwa kwa PRK: Niba ufite ikibazo cyo kutareba hafi kiri hagati cyangwa hejuru (Myopia), kureba kure (Hyperopia) cyangwa astigmatism, kubagwa kwa Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) bishobora kuba amahitamo meza.
• Kubaga ISEKE: Mu kubaga `(Small-incision lenticule extraction / ISEKE)`, umuganga ubaga akoresha umuyoboro muto cyane wa laser kugira ngo akore agace k'umubiri kameze nk'ikiyiko imbere mu cornea yawe maze akagakuramo akoresheje akantu gato.

Ibitonyanga by'amaso ku ndwara ya presbyopia

Ibitonyanga by'amaso ni amahitamo meza kuri bamwe mu bantu bafite presbyopia. Ibitonyanga by'amaso birimo pilocarpine (nka Vuity®) bigabanya imboni yawe, bikongera ubushobozi bwawe bwo kwibanda ku kintu kimwe no kunoza kureba hafi yawe. Ibi ni byo bitonyanga by'amaso bya mbere byemejwe n'Ikigo gishinzwe ibiribwa n'imiti muri Amerika (FDA) kuri presbyopia. Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara ni ugutukura no kuribwa umutwe. Ushobora kandi kugira ingorane zo kutabona nijoro.

Ubushakashatsi bumwe na bumwe bwagaragaje isano iri hagati yo gukoresha ibi bitonyanga by'amaso no gucika kw'amaso. Niba warigeze kugira iki kibazo mbere, cyangwa niba ufite ibintu bishobora gutera ingaruka mbi, ganira na muganga wawe niba ubu buryo bw'ubuvuzi bukubereye n'ingaruka mbi zabwo.

Ni iki wakwitega niba ufite presbyopia?

Vugana na muganga w'amaso yawe ku bimenyetso byawe n'uburyo bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi. Ashobora kugufasha kubona uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura. Ushobora kugerageza uburyo butandukanye kugeza ubonye bumwe bujyanye n'ibyo ukeneye n'imibereho yawe.

Ese dushobora kwirinda Presbyopia?

Ikibabaje ni uko presbyopia ari kimwe mu bintu bisanzwe mu gusaza, bityo ntibishobora kwirindwa burundu. Nk'uko tudashobora guhagarika gusaza, hari ibyo ushobora gukora kugira ngo urinde ubuzima bw'amaso yawe. Dore inama zimwe na zimwe:

• Ambara indorerwamo z'izuba kugira ngo urinde amaso yawe imirasire yangiza ya UV.
• Kurya ibiryo birimo intungamubiri nziza ku buzima bw'amaso, cyane cyane ibiryo birimo vitamine A, vitamine C, vitamine E, na lutein.
• Menya indwara yo kureba kuri mudasobwa kandi uhindure gahunda zawe za buri munsi kugira ngo ugabanye umunaniro w'amaso.

Ni ryari nkwiye gushaka inama kwa muganga?

Niba ufite ibimenyetso bya presbyopia, cyangwa niba ufite ikindi kibazo mu kureba kwawe, menya neza ko wagiye kwa muganga w'amaso. Kutabona neza bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'izindi ndwara nyinshi. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane ko inzobere mu gusuzumisha amaso yawe kugira ngo umenye neza impamvu.

Nubwo nta bimenyetso ufite, ni byiza ko ujya usuzuma amaso yawe buri gihe. Inshuro ugomba kwisuzumisha amaso yawe akenshi biterwa n'imyaka yawe, ubuzima bw'amaso, ndetse n'indwara iyo ari yo yose ishobora kuba ifite. Abantu bakuru benshi bakeneye kwisuzumisha amaso buri mwaka cyangwa ibiri. Baza muganga wawe w'amaso igihe kikubereye.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya (Presbyopia) na (Hyperopia) (kureba kure)?

Presbyopia na hyperopia byombi ni amakosa yo mu buryo bwo kurekura ibintu atuma hafi y'ibintu bisa n'ibidasobanutse neza. Ni ukuvuga amakosa mu kwibanda ku rumuri. Ariko, impamvu z'ibi byombi ziratandukanye.

• Presbyopia ibaho kubera ko lensi y'ijisho ryawe itakaza ubushobozi bwo koroherwa.
• Hyperopia ibaho bitewe nuko imboni y'ijisho ryawe ari nto cyane, cyangwa cornea yawe ikaba irambuye cyane.

Mu magambo make, biragoye kubibona byombi, kubera impamvu ebyiri.

Ese Presbyopia na Myopia bishobora kubaho hamwe?

Yego rwose birashoboka. Kandi ni ibisanzwe cyane. Myopia ni indwara aho amaso yawe aba yibanda cyane mu buryo busanzwe. Rero, mu gihe ibintu biri hafi bisa n'aho bigaragara neza, ibintu biri kure bisa n'ibidasobanutse neza.

Ariko, niba ufite Myopia kandi ukaba ufite imyaka irenga 40, ushobora gutangira kumva ingaruka za Presbyopia nubwo wambara indorerwamo cyangwa contact lenses. Ntugahangayike, muganga wawe w'amaso ashobora guhindura amabwiriza ya lens yawe kugira ngo ahuze na Presbyopia na Myopia.

Presbyopia ni kimwe mu bintu bisanzwe mu gusaza. Ariko ibyo ntibivuze ko ugomba gutegereza kugeza igihe bigira ingaruka ku mirimo yawe ya buri munsi. Niba ubona nabi amaso cyangwa ukagira ubundi burwayi bw'amaso, hita ubonana na muganga w'amaso. Presbyopia si indwara, ariko ibimenyetso byayo bishobora gusa n'iby'indwara zikomeye zisaba kuvurwa vuba. Muganga wawe azashobora gusuzuma ikibazo no kuguha ubuvuzi ukeneye.

Ibintu by'ingenzi cyane ugomba kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Sawa, reka dusubiremo ibintu by'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka mu byo twavuze:

• Presbyopia ni ukubura amaso hafi y’umuntu umaze imyaka 40. Iyi si indwara, ahubwo ni ingaruka z’uko indorerwamo y’ijisho igenda igabanuka uko tugenda dusaza.
• Ibimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo gufata ikinyamakuru cyangwa igitabo uri kure, gukenera urumuri rwinshi, no kuribwa umutwe.
• Ibi ni ibisanzwe cyane. Si wowe wenyine, abantu benshi ku isi barabibona.
• Ikintu cyiza ni uko hari ibisubizo byoroshye kuri ibi. Iyi ndwara ishobora kugenzurwa hakoreshejwe indorerwamo, indorerwamo z'amaso, ndetse no kubagwa cyangwa ibinini by'amaso.
• Niba ufite ibi bimenyetso, reba muganga w'amaso. Azaguhitiramo igisubizo gikwiye.
• Wite ku maso yawe. Rya neza, wambare indorerwamo z'izuba, kandi ugenzure amaso yawe buri gihe.

Rero, ndizera ko ubu usobanukiwe neza (Presbyopia). Ushobora kubyakira nk'igice cy'ubuzima bwawe, ugafata ingamba zikenewe, kandi ugakomeza akazi kawe neza!

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