Ese hari poroteyine nyinshi mu nkari zawe? (Proteinuria) - Reka turebe neza icyo ari cyo!

Ese wigeze ubona ko inkari zawe, cyangwa inkari zawe, zirimo ifuro? Cyangwa wenda muganga yakoze ikizamini cy'inkari akavuga ati: "Ufite poroteyine nyinshi cyane mu nkari zawe." Ibyo ni byo mu buvuzi twita poroteyine . Mu magambo make, ibi bivuze ko inkari zawe zifite poroteyine nyinshi kuruta uko bikwiye. Ibi rimwe na rimwe bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cya mbere cy'uko impyiko zinaniwe gukora neza.

Poroteyine ni iki kandi kuki ari ingenzi cyane ku mibiri yacu?

Tekereza kuri ibi, poroteyine ni nk'ibikoresho bikora mu mibiri yacu. Zikora akazi kenshi k'ingenzi.

• Bifasha kubaka imitsi n'amagufwa . Iyo twiruka kandi tugasimbuka, iyo duteruye ibiremereye, tuba dukeneye imitsi ikomeye.
• Igenzura ingano y'amazi mu maraso yacu .
• Bafasha imibiri yacu kurwanya indwara zandura . Bameze nk'abasirikare bato mu mibiri yacu.
• Bashinzwe kandi gusana ingingo zangiritse .

Izi poroteyine zigomba kuba mu maraso yacu. Niho zikorera akazi kazo k'ingenzi. Ariko, niba ku mpamvu runaka izi poroteyine zisohoka mu maraso zikagera mu nkari, bivuze ko zirimo gukurwa mu mubiri. Iyo ibyo bibaye, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima bw'umubiri wacu wose.

Ese poroteyine iri mu nkari ni mbi cyane?

Yego, poroteyine mu nkari ni ikibazo gikomeye , kuko ubushakashatsi bumwe na bumwe bwagaragaje ko iyi ndwara yongera ibyago byo gupfa bitewe n’indwara z’umutima n’indwara z’umutima.

Hari igihe iyi ndwara, yitwa proteinuria, ishobora kuba ikimenyetso cya mbere cy'indwara y'impyiko idakira (CKD) . Ariko, hari abantu bashobora kugira poroteyine isanzwe mu nkari zabo nubwo bafite CKD. CKD ni ukubura imikorere y'impyiko buhoro buhoro. Ibi nibikomeza, ushobora gukenera guterwa impyiko cyangwa dialyse. Diyabete n'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso ni byo bintu bibiri by'ingenzi bitera kwangirika kw'impyiko. Izi ni zo mpamvu zikunze gutera indwara z'impyiko.

Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kugira iyi ndwara?

Umuntu wese ashobora kurwara poroteyine. Ariko, ushobora kurwara iyi ndwara iyo:

• Niba ufite imyaka irenga 65 .
• Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe wigeze kugira cyangwa ubu ufite indwara y'impyiko .
• Niba ufite indi ndwara ifata impyiko zawe, nka diyabete .
• Ibi byagaragaye ko ari byinshi mu moko amwe n'amwe (urugero, abirabura, abanya-Hispanic, abasangwabutaka bo muri Amerika, cyangwa abakomoka mu birwa bya Pasifika).

Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara gute?

Proteyine muririya ni indwara ikunze kugaragara. Urugero, bivugwa ko hafi 6.7% by'abaturage bo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bafite iyi ndwara.

Poroteyine yinjira mu nkari gute? Ni iki kiba mu mpyiko?

Tekereza impyiko zacu nk'akayunguruzo kadasanzwe. Akazi kazo k'ingenzi ni ukuyungurura imyanda n'amazi arenze urugero mu maraso yacu. Iyi myanda n'amazi byayunguruwe ni byo bisohoka mu mubiri nk'inkari.

Imbere mu mpyiko harimo imiyoboro mito myinshi y'amaraso yitwa glomeruli . Iyi ni yo ntambwe ya mbere yo kuyungurura amaraso. Ubusanzwe, iyi glomeruli ntiyemerera uduce duto twa poroteyine cyangwa uturemangingo tw'amaraso kwinjira mu nkari. Ni nk'urushundura rufata ibice binini. Ariko, iyo uduce duto twa poroteyine tunyuze muri iyo glomeruli, imiyoboro miremire kandi yoroheje (tubules) mu mpyiko yongera kwinjiza iyo poroteyine mu mubiri.

Rero, poroteyine itangira kujya mu nkari iyo hari ikintu kitagenze neza muri ubu buryo:

• Iyo habayeho kwangirika kwa glomeruli cyangwa tubules.
• Iyo hari ikibazo mu buryo bwo kongera kwinjiza poroteyine.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ibi? Twabimenya dute?

Uburwayi bwa poroteyine mu maraso akenshi ntibugaragaza ibimenyetso mu ntangiriro . Niyo mpamvu bushobora guteza akaga gato. Ariko, uko indwara igenda ikura, ibimenyetso nka:

• Kubyimba mu maso, mu nda, mu maguru, cyangwa mu tuguru (edema) . Hari abantu bavuga ko mu maso habo haba hari ibibyimba iyo bakangutse mu gitondo, cyangwa ko amaguru yabo abyimba nimugoroba.
• Gukenera kunyara kenshi.
• Kugorwa no guhumeka.
• Umunaniro mwinshi, umunaniro.
• Isesemi no kuruka.
• Ibiryo nta buryohe bwabyo.
• Kubabara imitsi nijoro.
• Kubyimba hafi y'amaso, cyane cyane mu gitondo.
• Inkari zifite ifuro cyangwa amabyi. Iki ni cyo kimenyetso cya mbere abantu benshi babona. Niba ifuro rivamo nk'amazi y'isabune, ugomba kugira impungenge.

Icy'ingenzi: Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by'indwara idakira y'impyiko. Niba ubonye ibi bimenyetso, cyane cyane inkari zirimo ifuro no kubyimba, hita ugana muganga.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera poroteyine mu maraso?

Kenshi na kenshi, poroteyine muri iki gihe ishobora guterwa n’indwara zitagize ingaruka mbi (zitari kanseri) cyangwa iz’igihe gito. Ingero zabyo zirimo:

• Kubura amazi mu mubiri - Ibi bivuze ko nta mazi ahagije afite mu mubiri.
• Ububyimbirwe- Kubyimba ahantu runaka mu mubiri.
• Umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hasi (Hypotension).
• Amabuye yo mu mpyiko.

Nanone, ibintu nk'imyitozo ngororamubiri isaba imbaraga nyinshi, imihangayiko, gufata imiti nka asipirine buri munsi, no guhura n'ubukonje bukabije bishobora kongera by'agateganyo urugero rwa poroteyine mu nkari.

Ariko, indwara zikomeye cyane zishobora kwangiza impyiko no gutera poroteyine mu maraso. Muri izo ndwara harimo:

• Indwara zimwe na zimwe z’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri , nka lupus na Goodpasture's syndrome.
• Kubyimba cyane kw'impyiko , kandi bizwi nka glomerulonefrite.
• Kanseri y'uturemangingo twa plasma , izwi kandi nka myeloma nyinshi.
• Ugusenyuka kw'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso bituma hemoglobini yirundanya mu maraso (hemolysis yo mu mitsi).
• Indwara z'umutima n'imitsi.
• Proteyineri n'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso ku mugore utwite icyarimwe - ibi byitwa preeclampsia.
• Uburozi.
• Impanuka/Ibikomere by'umubiri (`Ihungabana`).
• Kanseri y'impyiko.
• Indwara z'umutima (`Umutima unaniwe`).

Ni poroteyine zingana iki tugomba kwitaho mu nkari zacu?

Ubusanzwe, ingano ya poroteyine mu nkari zacu igomba kuba munsi ya miligarama 150 ku munsi. Niba inkari zawe zirimo miligarama zirenga 150 za poroteyine ku munsi, ibyo byitwa poroteyine. Uruhare rwo hejuru rw'uru rugero rusanzwe rushobora gutandukana gato bitewe na laboratwari.

Niba ufite hagati ya garama 3 na 3.5 za poroteyine mu nkari zawe ku munsi, byitwa nephrotic-range proteinuria . Nephrotic syndrome ni indwara idakunze kugaragara aho impyiko zisohora poroteyine nyinshi mu nkari.

Ese iyi ni indwara yandura?

Oya, poroteyine muririya si indwara yandura . Ariko, niba hari abandi bantu bo mu muryango wawe bafite iyo ndwara, uba ufite amahirwe menshi yo kuyirwara. Ibi bivuze ko hashobora kuba hari umurage w’umuntu.

Ni gute wasuzuma ibi neza? Ni ibihe bipimo bikorwa?

Muganga wawe azabanza gukora ikizamini cya dipstick kugira ngo amenye poroteyine muri iki gihe.Muri iki kizamini, unyara mu gikoresho cyihariye kiri kwa muganga wawe cyangwa ku bitaro. Hanyuma, muganga ashyira agati gato ka pulasitiki (dipstick) gatwikiriwe n'imiti yihariye mu nkari. Iyo hari poroteyine nyinshi mu nkari, agati kazahindura ibara.

Hanyuma, muganga wawe azakora isuzuma ry'inkari ku nkari zisigaye. Ibi bizareba imiterere, imiterere y'imiti, n'imiterere y'imbere mu nkari akoresheje mikorosikopi. Muganga azareba ibintu bitakunze kuboneka mu nkari. Urugero, uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso, uturemangingo tw'umweru tw'amaraso, bagiteri, n'utubumbe tw'umunyu cyangwa poroteyine dushobora gukora amabuye y'impyiko.

Wakora iki niba ukeka ko ufite indwara y'impyiko?

Niba umuganga wawe akeka ko ufite indwara y'impyiko, azagusaba kongera gupima inkari inshuro eshatu mu gihe cy'amezi atatu. Niba habonetse poroteyine muri buri ngero z'inkari, birashoboka ko ufite indwara idakira (igihe kirekire). Uko ibi bigaragaye vuba, niko amahirwe yo kugenzura no guhagarika indwara y'impyiko aba menshi.

Byongeye kandi, ibizamini bikurikira bishobora gukorwa:

• Ikizamini cyo gupima creatinine: Creatinine ni imyanda ikomoka ku binyabutabire. Iki kizamini gipima ingano ya creatinine mu nkari no mu maraso yawe. Iyo impyiko zawe zimeze neza, zikura creatinine mu maraso yawe zikayishyira mu nkari zawe. Ariko iyo impyiko zawe zidakora neza, creatinine iguma mu maraso yawe.
• Ikizamini cy'amaraso cya Glomerular filtration rate (GFR): GFR igereranya urugero rwa poroteyine zitwa creatinine na albumin mu maraso yawe, hashingiwe ku bunini bw'umubiri wawe, imyaka yawe, igitsina cy'umubiri wawe, n'ubwoko bwawe. GFR ishobora kubwira muganga wawe uburyo impyiko zawe zikora neza n'uko indwara y'impyiko zawe igeze kure. Aya makuru ashobora kugufasha gutegura gahunda nziza yo kuvura.
• Ibipimo by'amaraso bipima ingano yose ya poroteyine mu maraso: Seramu ni igice cy'amaraso kirimo poroteyine.
• Ibizamini byo gupima: Ibizamini nka CT scan na ultrasound bishobora kugaragaza ibibazo nk'amabuye y'impyiko, ibibyimba, cyangwa kuziba kw'inzira y'inkari.
• Electrophoresis ya poroteyine y'inkari (UPEP): UPEP yemerera muganga wawe gushaka ubwoko bwihariye bwa poroteyine. Icyitegererezo cy'inkari zawe cyoherezwa muri laboratwari. Aho ngaho, umuhanga mu by'inkari ashyiramo amashanyarazi ku cyitegererezo cy'inkari zawe. Ibi bishobora kugaragaza ingano ya poroteyine mu nkari zawe.
• Ikizamini cy'amaraso yo kwikingira ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri (IFE):Muganga akoresha urushinge ruto n'umuyoboro muto kugira ngo afate amaraso mu mitsi iri mu kuboko kwawe cyangwa mu kuboko kwawe. Amaraso yoherezwa muri laboratwari kugira ngo apimwe poroteyine runaka mu maraso.
• Biopsy y'impyiko: Muri iki kizamini, muganga wawe akuramo agace gato cyane k'impyiko yawe. Icyitegererezo cyoherezwa muri laboratwari. Umutekinisiye wa laboratwari asuzuma icyitegererezo cy'impyiko akoresheje mikorosikopi kugira ngo arebe icyateye indwara y'impyiko zawe n'ingano y'ibyangiritse byabayeho.

Ibi bivurwa bite?

Uburyo bwo kuvura poroteyine mu maraso buterwa n'impamvu . Buri mpamvu igira uburyo bwayo bwo kuvura.

Niba poroteyine muririya iterwa n'indwara y'impyiko , gahunda yawe yo kuvura ishobora kuba ikubiyemo imiti, guhindura imirire, no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri . Niba ufite umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, muganga wawe azakwandikira imiti. Niba ufite umuvuduko uke w'amaraso, ni byiza ko upimwa inkari kandi ugasuzumwa umuvuduko w'amaraso buri mwaka.

Niba urwaye diyabete , ugomba kugenzura urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe . Ugomba kandi gupimwa amaraso yawe ya GFR buri mwaka.

Abagore batwite bafite amateka yo kurwara preeclampsia bagomba kujya kwa muganga wabo buri gihe kugira ngo basuzumwe. Nubwo preeclampsia ari indwara ikomeye, akenshi igenda ikira mu minsi mike cyangwa ibyumweru bike nyuma yo kubyara.

Niba ufite poroteyine muririya ariko udafite diyabete, umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, cyangwa izindi ndwara iyo ari yo yose, muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira imiti ifasha mu gukumira kwangirika kw'impyiko. Ni byiza ko usuzuma umuvuduko w'amaraso yawe kandi ukanapima inkari zawe buri mezi atandatu kugira ngo umenye neza ko nta ndwara z'impyiko ufite.

Niba ufite poroteyine yoroheje cyangwa y'igihe gito, ushobora kudakenera ubuvuzi ubwo aribwo bwose.

Ese kunywa amazi bigabanya poroteyine mu nkari?

Oya, kunywa amazi menshi ntabwo bizakiza poroteyine mu muhogo. Kunywa amazi menshi bizatuma urushaho kunyara, bishobora kugabanya poroteyine mu nkari zawe icyarimwe. Ariko, ntibizabuza impyiko kuvamo poroteyine.

Ni gute niyitaho? Ni ibihe bintu ngomba gukora?

Uburyo bwiza bwo kwiyitaho ni ugufata imiti yawe neza nk'uko muganga wawe yabigutegetse.

Byongeye kandi, dore ubundi buryo ushobora gufasha:

• Kugabanya ibiryo bikungahaye kuri poroteyine.
• Kugabanya umunyu urya. Ibi bizagufasha kugabanya umuvuduko w'amaraso.
• Kurya ibiryo byinshi birimo fibre bishobora gufasha kugabanya cholesterol no kugabanya urugero rw'isukari mu maraso.
• Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri cyangwa gukomeza gukora siporo buri gihe.Gerageza gukora nibura amasaha abiri mu cyumweru mu bikorwa by'imyitozo.
• Suzuma urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe buri gihe.
• Kureka kunywa itabi no kunywa itabi.
• Irinde gufata imiti igabanya ububabare itari iya steroide (NSAIDs) keretse muganga abigutegetse. Imiti ikoreshwa cyane ni aspirine (Bayer®), ibuprofen (Advil®), na naproxen (Aleve®).

Ese hari uburyo bwo gukumira ibi?

Proteyine muririya ntishobora kwirindwa burundu . Ariko, ushobora kuyirwanya. Indwara nyinshi zitera poroteyine muririya zishobora kugenzurwa hakoreshejwe imiti no guhindura imibereho.

Ni iki kizere cy’umuntu ufite poroteyine mu maraso?

Iyo bapimwe neza kandi bakavurwa neza, icyerekezo cy’abantu bafite poroteyine muri iki gihe kiba cyiza.

Ariko, iyo itavuwe, poroteyine muririya ishobora no gutera urupfu. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko abantu badafite poroteyine muririya babaho igihe kirekire kurusha abafite poroteyine yoroheje cyangwa ikomeye.

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?

Niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, hita ubonana na muganga:

• Niba ukeneye kunyara kenshi kurusha uko bisanzwe, cyangwa niba wumva ububabare igihe uri kunyara.
• Niba inkari zawe zirimo ifuro cyangwa zifite utubyimba.
• Niba wumva ufite isesemi cyangwa kuruka.
• Niba wumva umeze nk'ufite isereri, ufite intege nke, cyangwa ufite umutwe urembye.
• Niba ufite kubyimba cyangwa kubyimba mu maso, mu nda, cyangwa mu gice cyo hasi cy'umubiri wawe.
• Niba ibimenyetso byawe bitaragabanuka nyuma yo kuvurwa.

Ni ibihe bibazo ngomba kubaza muganga wanjye?

Iyo ugiye kwa muganga, ushobora kubaza ibibazo nk'ibi:

• Ni gute muganga yamenya neza ko mfite poroteyine mu maraso?
• Ni iyihe ndwara yatumye ngira poroteyine mu maraso yanjye?
• Ni ibihe bizamini usaba?
• Ese mfite poroteyine yoroheje cyangwa y'igihe gito?
• Ni iyihe miti cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvura usaba?
• Ese ngomba guhindura indyo yanjye cyangwa imibereho yanjye?
• Niba ntafite poroteyine mu mubiri, ni iyihe ndwara yindi nagira?

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya poroteyine mu maraso n'iy'imitsi?

Proteyine yo mu maraso (orthostatic proteinuria) bivuze ko urwaye indwara yo mu marasoIbi bivuze ko mu nkari haba harimo poroteyine nyinshi iyo urimo kunyara uhagaze, ariko poroteyine iri mu nkari yawe ni ibisanzwe iyo urimo kunyara uryamye. Iyi ni indwara ikunze kugaragara mu rubyiruko, cyane cyane abantu barebare n'abananutse, kandi ntabwo ari ikibazo gikomeye.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya poroteyine mu maraso n'iy'igihe gito?

Proteyine y'igihe gito ni indwara y'igihe gito . Akenshi iterwa n'ibintu nk'imyitozo ngororamubiri isaba imbaraga nyinshi, stress, umuriro, no kumara igihe kinini umuntu arwaye ibicurane bikabije. Proteyine y'igihe gito ikunze kwiyahura ubwayo nta muti.

Proteyine muria ni urugero rwinshi rwa poroteyine mu nkari zawe. Niba ufite poroteyine muria, ushobora gukenera kunyara kenshi, kandi inkari zawe zishobora kuba zirimo ifuro cyangwa zirimo utubyimba. Ushobora kandi kugira ibimenyetso bisanzwe by'uburwayi, nko kugira isesemi, kuruka, umunaniro no kubyimba. Niba ufite ibi bimenyetso mu gihe kirenze iminsi mike, ni byiza kureba muganga. Ashobora gusuzuma indwara itera poroteyine muria yawe no kuguha imiti igufasha gukomeza kugira ubuzima bwiza bw'impyiko zawe.

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka

Sawa, rero ukurikije ibyo twaganiriyeho, ndizera ko wabonye igitekerezo cyiza ku bijyanye na poroteyine mu muyoboro w'amaraso. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ukubonana na muganga niba ubonye impinduka mu nkari zawe (cyane cyane inkari zifite ifuro) cyangwa kubyimba mu mubiri wawe. Iyo ubimenye hakiri kare, ushobora kwirinda ibibazo byinshi. Impyiko zimeze nk'abakozi bacu batagira icyo bavuga. Ni inshingano zacu kuzifata neza. Ntugahangayike, izi ndwara zishobora kugenzurwa hamwe n'inama n'ubuvuzi bikwiye.

` poroteyine muri uriya, poroteyine mu nkari, indwara y'impyiko, inkari zirimo ifuro, ubuzima bw'impyiko, kwangirika kw'impyiko, indwara y'umutima