Umutima wacu ni urugingo rutangaje. Kuva twavutse kugeza dupfuye, ukora ubudahagarara mu isegonda rimwe. Kimwe n'ipompo y'ubwenge, ipompa amaraso mu mubiri wose. Hari ibice byinshi bito biyifasha gukora neza. Ese wigeze wibaza uburyo amaraso atembera mu cyerekezo kimwe gusa mu mutima, adasubira inyuma? Ibyo ni byo "valve" zo mu mutima zifasha. Uyu munsi turimo kuvuga kuri valve imwe idasanzwe, valve y'ibihaha.
Mu magambo make, valve y'ibihaha ni iki?
Tekereza ko umutima wawe ufite ibyumba bine. Bibiri hejuru n'ibindi biri hasi. Uyu muyoboro w'ibihaha umeze nk'irembo ry'icyerekezo kimwe hagati y'icyumba cyo hasi ku ruhande rw'iburyo rw'umutima (ventricle y'iburyo) n'umuyoboro mukuru w'amaraso ujyana amaraso mu bihaha (imitsi y'ibihaha) .
Inshingano yayo nyamukuru ni ukugenzura urujya n'uruza rw'amaraso "yanduye", yakoreshejwe mu mubiri wacu kandi akaba afite umwuka muke wa ogisijeni, kuva mu mutima kugera mu bihaha kugira ngo asukurwe. Iyo amaraso amaze kunyuramo, iri rembo rirafungwa kugira ngo ritazongera gutemba mu mutima.
Iyi valve y'ibihaha, hamwe na valve y'umutima iri ku rundi ruhande rw'umutima, byose hamwe byitwa "valve za semilunar." Ibi biterwa nuko udupapuro/udupfundo turi kuri izi valves tuba dufite ishusho nk'igice cy'ukwezi. Hari igihe abaganga babyita "valve y'ibihaha," ari nabyo.
Iyi valve ikora ite? Biratangaje!
Uburyo uru rugi ruto rukora buratangaje. Ni nk'aho ruri kubyina, rukingura kandi rufunga neza cyane bitewe n'uko umutima utera.
- Icyiciro cya systolic: Iyo ventricle y'iburyo ikora, amaraso ari muri yo arasohoka. Muri icyo gihe, valve y'ibihaha irakinguka . Hanyuma, amaraso adahumeka neza yinjira mu mitsi y'ibihaha, ikajya mu bihaha.
- Icyiciro cya diastolic: Iyo umutima uruhutse umaze gufunga, cyangwa iyo uruhutse, valve y'ibihaha irafunga neza . Iyo idafunze, amaraso yoherezwa mu bihaha ashobora gusubira mu mutima. Iyi valve ibuza ibyo kuba. Iyo iyi valve ifunze, ni bwo ventilateur y'iburyo yuzura amaraso kugira ngo ikore icyiciro gikurikiraho.
Mu magambo make, ni nk'umupolisi wo mu muhanda uri mu muhanda. Areka amaraso agaca mu cyerekezo kimwe gusa, maze akayabuza burundu gusubira inyuma.
Ikoreshwa ryihariye: Uburyo bwa Ross
Uretse imikorere isanzwe y'iyi valve, ikoreshwa n'indi ntego itangaje: iyo valve y'ingenzi cyane mu mutima irwaye, iyi valve y'ibihaha irashyirwamo.
Ibi byitwa uburyo bwa Ross. Ni uburyo bugoye gato. Muri ubu buryo, umuganga ubaga akuramo valve yawe ya aortic irwaye akayisimbuza valve yawe y’ibihaha imeze neza. Hanyuma, valve y’ibihaha yatanzwe n’umutanga ishyirwa aho valve y’ibihaha yahoze iri. Kubera ko ari inyama yawe bwite, irakwira neza kandi imara igihe kirekire.
Ni izihe ndwara zigira ingaruka kuri iyi valve?
Akenshi, ibibazo by'imitsi y'ibihaha bifitanye isano n'indwara z'umutima wavutse . Ibi bivuze ko umwana ashobora kugira ibi bibazo akivuka. Ni gake cyane, ibibazo by'iyi mitsi bishobora kuvuka mu myaka yashize bitewe n'izindi ndwara (urugero, umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso mu bihaha).
Reka dusobanukirwe neza izi ndwara z'ingenzi dukurikije imbonerahamwe iri hepfo.
| Imiterere | Mu magambo make, ibi nibyo bibaho... |
|---|---|
| Atresia y'ibihaha | Iyi ni indwara umuntu avukana. Ikibaho hano ni uko valve y'ibihaha idakura neza. Ni nk'aho urukuta rwubatswe aho rugomba kuba hari umuryango. Amaraso ntashobora kugera mu bihaha. Ibi bishobora gutuma umwana ahinduka ubururu (cyanosis) akivuka. |
| Tetralogiya y'ibinyoma | Iyi nayo ni indwara y’umutima isanzwe iteye urujijo. Aha, hari inenge enye z’umutima zibaho hamwe. Imwe muri izo nenge ni ukugabanuka k’umuyoboro w’ibihaha n’umuyoboro w’amaraso ufunganye. Kubera ko iyi ari indwara ikomeye, umwana azakenera kubagwa kugira ngo akosorwe. |
| Stenosis y'imitsi y'ibihaha | Ikibaho hano ni uko umwobo w'amaraso uba muto. Hanyuma umutima ugomba gukora cyane kugira ngo utange amaraso. Akenshi, ibi nabyo bibaho igihe umuntu avuka. Hari abantu bahabwa imiti yo kwagura icyuma, abandi bakaba bagomba gusimbuza icyuma. |
| Umugozi w'ibihaha udahari | Iyi ni indwara idasanzwe kandi ivukanwa. Muri iyi ndwara, udupapuro tw’umuyoboro w’amaraso dushobora kubura cyangwa ntitwikure neza. Ibi bituma umuyoboro w’amaraso ufunga neza, bigatuma amaraso ava inyuma (regurgitation). |
| Gusubiza imvange y'ibihaha mu mwanya wayo | Ikibaho hano ni uko valve idafunga neza. Rero iyo umutima uruhutse, amwe mu maraso ajyanwa mu bihaha asubira mu muvuduko w'iburyo. Ibi biba byoroshye ku bantu benshi. Ariko mu bihe bikomeye, mu muvuduko w'iburyo ushobora kwaguka no gucika intege, umubiri ukazura amazi no kubyimba (edema). |
Ese birashoboka kubaho udafite umugozi w'ibihaha?
Igisubizo cyumvikana kuri iki kibazo ni "oya." Umugozi w'ibihaha ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'urugendo rw'amaraso mu mubiri wacu rugana mu bihaha kugira ngo tubone ogisijeni. Tudafite umugozi ukora neza, ntabwo dushobora kubaho.
Ariko ikintu cy'ingenzi tugomba gusobanukirwa hano ni uko hamwe n'ubuvuzi bugezweho muri iki gihe, izi ndwara zishobora kuvurwa neza . Iyo zitavuwe, abana n'abantu bakuru bafite indwara ikomeye yo mu bihaha bashobora kumara igihe gito. Kubwibyo, niba wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mufite iyi ndwara, ni ngombwa cyane kuganira na muganga wawe mu buryo bweruye ku bijyanye n'uburyo bwo kuvurwa ndetse n'ejo hazaza h'ubuzima bwanyu.
Ni gute twakomeza kugira iyi valve imeze neza?
Ntidushobora gukumira indwara z'umutima twavukanye. Ariko hari byinshi dushobora gukora kugira ngo twirinde ibibazo mu buzima bwacu no kugira ngo imitima yacu ikomeze kugira ubuzima bwiza muri rusange. Gerageza kubishyira mu buzima bwawe.
- Irinde kunywa itabi burundu: Ubwoko bwose bw'itabi, atari itabi na vape gusa, ni bibi cyane ku mutima. Niba ufite ikibazo cyo kurireka, saba ubufasha kwa muganga wawe.
- Kureka kunywa inzoga cyangwa kugabanya cyane: Inzoga si nziza ku buzima bw'umutima.
- Kurya indyo yuzuye umutima: Gabanya ibiryo birimo amavuta menshi, umunyu n'isukari. Shyiramo imboga nyinshi, imbuto, ibinyamisogwe n'ibinyampeke mu ndyo yawe.
- Imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe: Nk'uko muganga wawe yabigusabye, kora imyitozo ngororamubiri iciriritse, nko kugenda n'amaguru, nibura iminota 150 mu cyumweru.
- Kurwanya indwara nk'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso na cholesterol:Niba ufite ubwo bwoko bw'indwara, koresha umuti neza nk'uko muganga wawe yabigutegetse.
- Jya kwisuzumisha kwa muganga buri mwaka: Nubwo waba udafite indwara, jya kwa muganga nibura rimwe mu mwaka kugira ngo arebe ubuzima bwawe.
- By’umwihariko ku babyeyi batwite: Niba utwite, jya kwa muganga babigenewe kandi ubone inama n’ubuvuzi bikenewe. Ibi bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara nk’indwara z’umutima wavukanye.
Kwiga imiterere y'umutima n'uko ibice byawo bikora rimwe na rimwe bishobora kugorana gato. Cyane cyane iyo umenye ko wowe cyangwa umwana wawe afite ikibazo cy'umutima. Bishobora kugorana kwakira amakuru menshi icyarimwe. Ariko ibuka ko muganga wawe ahora ahari kugira ngo agufashe kandi agusubize ibibazo byawe. Ntukigere utinya kubaza ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose kiri mu mutima wawe, uko cyaba ari gito kose.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Umugozi w'ibihaha ni umugozi w'ingenzi, ujyana icyerekezo kimwe, wemerera amaraso adafite umwuka wa ogisijeni kugera mu bihaha kugira ngo asukurwe.
- Indwara nyinshi zijyanye n'iyi valvu zishobora kuvukanwa. Witondere cyane ibimenyetso nk'ibara ry'ubururu ku mwana uvutse.
- Niba ufite ibimenyetso by'indwara y'umutima cyangwa ubikeka, hita ubonana na muganga.
- Kubera uburyo bugezweho bwo kubaga no kuvura, abantu benshi bashobora kuvura neza ibi bibazo no kubaho ubuzima bwiza.
- Ubuzima bwiza bw'umutima (indyo nziza, imyitozo ngororamubiri, no kwirinda kunywa itabi) bishobora kurinda ubuzima bw'umutima mu gihe kirekire.
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