Reka twige ku ndwara zo mu mitsi yo mu maso mu buryo bworoshye!

Amaso yacu ameze nk'amabuye y'agaciro. Aya maso abiri adufasha kubona ibintu byiza biri muri iyi si, abakunzi bacu. Rero, hari igice kigoye cyane kandi cy'ingenzi cyane cy'aya maso, twita retina . Tekereza, ikora nk'umuzingo wa kamera ishaje iri imbere mu jisho. Ni yo ikora amashusho aturutse ku rumuri rwinjira mu jisho rukayohereza mu bwonko. Rero, uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku ndwara zishobora kubaho muri iyi retina y'agaciro, ni ukuvuga `(Indwara z'impyiko)`.

Indwara z'ijisho (retinal diseases) ni iki? Amaso yawe akora ate?

Mu magambo make, indwara zo mu mitsi yo mu maso ni indwara zitandukanye zigira ingaruka ku ruhererekane rworoshye cyane ruri inyuma y'ijisho ryawe, ari rwo retina yawe.

Noneho reba, uburyo amaso yacu akora buratangaje.

1. Ubwa mbere, urumuri ruturutse inyuma rwinjira mu jisho runyuze mu gice cy’imbere cy’ijisho, cornea .

2. Hanyuma uru mucyo runyura mu mwobo muto uri hagati mu mboni y'ijisho . Niyo mpamvu mboni y'ijisho iba nto mu mucyo mwinshi ikarushaho kuba nini mu mucyo wijimye.

3. Hanyuma, lensi iri imbere mu jisho ishyira uru mucyo kuri retina, nk'uko dukoresha ikirahuri gikurura kugira ngo dushyire urumuri ahantu hamwe.

Retina yawe ni ahantu haboneka uturemangingo twinshi twihariye cyane. Utwo turemangingo ni two duhindura urumuri rwinjira mu jisho ryawe mo ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi. Ibi bimenyetso hanyuma bikanyura mu mitsi yawe y'amaso bikagera mu bwonko bwawe. Ubwonko busesengura ibyo bimenyetso bukabihinduramo amashusho nka "Oh, hari indabyo," "Dore mama," maze bukatwereka. Ni uburyo butangaje cyane, si byo se?

Indwara y'ijisho ishobora kwibasira igice icyo ari cyo cyose cya retina. By'umwihariko, macula, igice cyo hagati cya retina kidufasha kubona utuntu duto, gusoma igitabo, no kumenya inyuguti, ishobora kwangirika. Ikibabaje ni uko zimwe muri izi ndwara zishobora kuragwa .

Indwara nyinshi zo mu mitsi yo mu nda zitera ibimenyetso bigira ingaruka ku kureba kwawe. Ni ngombwa gusuzuma no kuvura izi ndwara hakiri kare, kuko zimwe mu ndwara zishobora gutera ubuhumyi burundu cyangwa kutabona neza iyo zitavuwe.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'indwara zo mu mitsi yo mu nda?

Mu by’ukuri hari ubwoko bwinshi bw’indwara zigira ingaruka ku miterere y’amaso. Reka turebe izikuru.

Indwara zikunze kwibasira retina:

• Kwangirika kw'amaso guterwa na diyabete`(Diabete-related retinopathy)`: Nkuko mubizi, diyabete ni ikibazo abantu benshi bafite ubu. Rero iyo idacunzwe neza, imiyoboro y'amaraso yoroshye mu maso ishobora kwangirika, bigatuma retina iva amaraso ikabyimba. Ibi byitwa `(Diabete-related retinopathy)`.
• Gucika kw'ijisho : Ibi ni ibintu byihutirwa. Ibi ni igihe retina itandukana n'urukuta rw'imbere rw'ijisho. Ni nk'aho icyapa gisohoka ku rukuta.
• Amarira cyangwa utwenge twa retina : Hari igihe amarira cyangwa utwenge duto dushobora kuvuka muri retina. Akenshi ibi biba ari intangiriro yo gutandukana kw'inyuma y'inyuma y'inyuma.
• Kuziba imitsi yo mu mitsi ya retinal: Iyi ndwara ishobora kubaho iyo umutsi utanga amaraso muri retinal ufunze . Ibi bishobora kuba mu mutsi mukuru (central retinal vein occlusion) cyangwa mu mutsi w'ishami (branch retinal vein occlusion).
• Retinitis itera indwara : Retina ishobora kubyimba no kubyimba bitewe n'indwara zitandukanye za virusi, bagiteri, cyangwa fungi.
• Indwara ya "central serous retinopathy" : Iyi ni indwara aho amazi yiyongera munsi ya retina. Akenshi ijyana n'umuvuduko.
• Birdshot chorioretinopathy n'izindi ndwara ziterwa n'ububyimbirwe: Izi ni indwara zidasanzwe ziterwa n'ububyimbirwe zigira ingaruka ku ruhu rw'amaso n'imiterere yarwo.

Indwara zifata by'umwihariko macula:

Macula, nkuko twabivuze mbere, ni igice cyo hagati cya retina gitanga ubushobozi bwo kureba neza kandi neza. Hari indwara nyinshi ziyigiraho ingaruka:

• Impumuro y'amagufwa (izwi kandi nk'urukiramende rwa epiretinal): Iyi ni agahu gato gafata inyunganiramirire, nk'urupapuro rwa cellophane. Ibi bishobora gutera kutabona neza no kutabona neza.
• Umwobo w'amagufwa: Umwobo muto uri mu macule.
• Kugabanuka k'amagufwa y'amagufwa ashingiye ku myaka (AMD): Iyi ni indwara ikunze kubaho uko umuntu asaza. Hari ubwoko bubiri: AMD yumye na AMD y'amazi.
• Kubyimba kw'amagufwa: Kubyimba kw'amagufwa. Ibi biterwa no kwirundanya kw'amazi.

Indwara z'impyiko zikomoka ku ruhu rw'ijisho:

Izi ni indwara zivukanwa kandi ziterwa n'ingaruka za genetiki:

• Retinitis pigmentosa : Iyi ni indwara ituma umuntu atabasha kubona neza mu mpande z'umubiri. Ubuhumyi bwo mu ijoro nabwo ni ikimenyetso.
• Usher syndrome : Iyi ni indwara umuntu avukana itera ububabare bwo kutumva hamwe na retinitis pigmentosa.
• Indwara ya Stargardt: Iyi ndwara yibasira cyane abakiri bato kandi ikangiza ubushobozi bwo kureba hagati.
• Retinoschisis : Gutandukana kw'ibice bya retina. Ibi bishobora kubaho igihe umuntu avuka cyangwa bigatera imbere.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso twumva?

Niba ufite indwara y'ijisho, ushobora kugira kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi bimenyetso:

• Amaso areremba kandi agaragara nk'aho ari nk'aho utuntu duto tw'ibitagangurirwa turi kugenda imbere y'amaso yawe.
• Ishusho idasobanutse neza cyangwa yahinduwe. Inyuguti zishobora kutagaragara neza, kandi amashusho ashobora kugaragara nk'abiri.
• Utudomo tw'amaso tubaho mu kureba mu buryo butaziguye (hagati) cyangwa mu kureba mu mpande .
• Kugoreka kw'amashusho. Urugero, imirongo igororotse ishobora kugaragara nk'aho yashushanyijwe mu buryo buzunguruka. Ibi bishobora kugaragara iyo urebye ibintu nk'amadirishya n'amadirishya.
• Gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba butunguranye.
• Kugorwa no kubona nijoro cyangwa kugorwa no kumenyera impinduka mu mucyo (nk'iyo ugiye hanze mu mwijima).

Niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, ni ngombwa cyane kubonana na muganga w’amaso ako kanya.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera iyi ndwara?

Nta mpamvu imwe itera indwara z'ijisho. Hari impamvu nyinshi zitandukanye zishobora gutera.

• Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe, nka Usher syndrome, Stargardt disease, na Retinitis pigmentosa, zivukanwa.
• Indwara ya retinopathy ishobora kubaho no mu zindi ndwara. Diyabete n'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso bishobora kwangiza imiyoboro y'amaraso yoroshye mu jisho, bigatera kwangirika kwa retina. Indwara zo kubyimba mu mubiri nazo zishobora kwangiza.
• Ibikomere by'amaso bishobora kwangiza retina na macula. Urugero, iyo umupira w'ikinamico ukubise ijisho, cyangwa ikintu gityaye kigufashe mu jisho, bishobora kwangiza bikomeye.
• Hari igihe indwara nka "Macular pucker" zishobora kubaho nyuma yo kubagwa amaso .
• Zimwe mu ndwara zifata impyiko, nka cytomegalovirus retinitis, ziterwa n'ubwandu . Ariko indwara zifata impyiko ubwazo ntizandura.

Ni ibihe bintu bishobora gutera izi ndwara?

Hari ibintu bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara zo mu mitsi yo mu jisho. Ni ibi bikurikira:

• Gusaza.
• Kunywa itabi.
• Kongera ibiro cyangwa umubyibuho ukabije`(Umubyibuho ukabije cyangwa umubyibuho ukabije)`.
• Kugira izindi ndwara nka diyabete n'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso .
• Gucika cyangwa kwangirika kwa retina mbere.
• Ibikomere cyangwa kubagwa amaso mbere.
• Kugira amateka y'umuryango ku ndwara zo mu mitsi yo mu nda .
• Kutabona hafi cyane (abantu bafite indorerwamo nyinshi za muganga - `Myopia ikomeye`).
• Gukoresha imiti imwe n'imwe igihe kirekire, nka hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil®) na pentosane polysulfate.

Hari igihe igitsina cyangwa ubwoko nabyo bishobora kuba impamvu y’indwara runaka y’ijisho.

Ni izihe ngorane zishobora guterwa n'izi ndwara?

Iyo indwara zo mu mitsi yo mu nda zidavuwe neza, zishobora gutuma umuntu atabona neza kandi agahuma .

Izi ndwara zivurwa n'abaganga b'amaso. Ariko, abaganga ntibashobora gukiza indwara zose zifata imboni. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa gusuzuma indwara hakiri kare no kuyigenzura uko bishoboka kose.

Izi ndwara zo mu mitsi yo mu nda zipimwa gute?

Iyo ugiye kwisuzumisha amaso buri gihe, umuganga w'amaso azahora asuzuma indwara z'amaso. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa ko usuzuma amaso yawe mu gihe runaka muganga agusaba.

Mu gihe cyo gusuzuma, muganga azagushyira ibitonyanga by'amaso mu maso kugira ngo yagure amaso yawe. Ibi bizatuma muganga asuzuma neza retina yawe. Niba muganga akeka ko hari ikibazo kuri retina yawe nyuma y'iki kizamini, ashobora kugutegeka ibizamini byihariye cyangwa akakohereza kwa muganga w'inzobere muri retina.

Ni ibihe bipimo bikorwa kugira ngo hamenyekane cyangwa hakurikiranwe indwara?

Muganga ashobora gutumiza ibizamini nk'ibi bikurikira:

• Isuzuma ry’amabara rijyanye n’imiterere y’umubiri (OCT): Ibi ni nko gufata igice cy’ijisho rya retina. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane mu kumenya ibintu nko kubyimba n’imyobo iri mu macula.
• Isuzuma rya fluorescein angiography : Ibi bikubiyemo gutera irangi ryihariye mu mitsi iri mu kuboko kwawe no gufata amafoto y'imitsi iri mu jisho ryawe. Rishobora kureba ibintu nk'imiterere y'amaraso atembera ndetse no kureba niba amaraso arimo kuva mu mitsi.
• Isuzuma rya Fundus autofluorescence : Iri naryo ni ikizamini cyo gufata amashusho kidakoreshejwe mu buryo bw’ubusa.
• ElectroretinographyElectroretinography (ERG): Iyi niyo ipima uburyo retina ikora neza.
• Gupima imiterere y'uturemangingo : Iyo hakekwa indwara umuntu arwaye, iki kizamini gikorwa kugira ngo cyemeze ko ari indwara.

Izi ndwara zivurwa zite?

Uburyo bwo kuvura buterwa n'ubwoko bw'indwara y'ijisho ufite. Hari igihe ubuvuzi bushobora guhagarika indwara cyangwa bukagabanya umuvuduko w'icyorezo. Uburyo bwo kuvura burimo kubagwa , kuvurwa hakoreshejwe lazeri , no gutera imiti mu jisho cyangwa hafi yaryo .

Uburyo bwo Kubaga:

Vitrectomy ni uburyo bwo kubaga bukorerwa muri izi ndwara zikurikira:

• Gutandukanya retinal.
• Imboga y'amagufwa yo mu macular `(Macular pucker / Epiretinal membrane)`.
• Umwobo w'amagufwa.
• Ibikomere byo mu maso (urugero: ibintu by'amahanga byinjira mu jisho).
• Indwara z'amaso.

Gutera inshinge mu maso:

Gutera umuti wa vitreous bikorwa ku ndwara zikurikira:

• Kugabanuka k'amagufwa y'amaso bitewe no gusaza (Wet AMD).
• Indwara ya retinopathy iteye imbere ya diyabete.
• Kubyimba kw'amagufwa mu macular bibaho bitewe n'impamvu zitandukanye.
• Indwara z'amaso.
• Indwara z'amaso ziterwa n'ubushyuhe.

Uburyo bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe laser:

Ubuvuzi bwa laser bukoreshwa mu bihe nk'ibi:

• Vura imitsi y'amaraso idakenewe.
• Funga amarira ya retina.
• Indwara yo mu bwonko bw'imbere mu maraso.
• Kubyimba kw'amagufwa mu maso.

Ubundi buryo bwo kuvura indwara yo gucika kw'ijisho:

• Kubaga imigozi y'ijisho : Muri ubu buryo, umuganga ubaga ashyira umugozi wa silicone ku jisho akawudoda. Ibi bisunika igice cy'umweru cy'ijisho (sclera) imbere, bigatuma retina ihagarara ku rukuta.
• Cryoplexy : Cryotherapy ikoreshwa mu gutera inkovu no kuziba icyuho cyangwa gucika kw'aho icitse.
• Retinopexy y'imitsi : Umuganga ubaga atera agahu k'umwuka mu jisho. Aka gahu kafasha mu kugumana retina mu mwanya wayo. Ubu buryo bwo kuvura bushobora guhuzwa na cryotherapy cyangwa laser treatment.

Ubundi buryo bwo kuvura:

• Imiti irwanya bagiteri , imiti irwanya imyuka mibi , cyangwa imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara ziterwa n'imiti ikomeye.
• Indwara ya retinopathy yo mu bwoko bwa serous retinopathy hamwe n'izindi ndwara z'amasoUburyo bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe laser "bukonje" .

Ese hari ingaruka mbi cyangwa ingorane zikomoka ku buvuzi?

Ingaruka mbi cyangwa ingorane zo kuvurwa indwara zo mu jisho biterwa n'ibintu byinshi, nko ubwoko bw'ubuvuzi uhabwa, ubuzima bwawe muri rusange, n'uburwayi ufite.

Muri rusange, hashobora kubaho ingaruka nk'izi:

• Kwandura indwara.
• Inkovu.
• Amaso yumye.
• Kubona nabi.
• Umuvuduko mwinshi cyangwa muke mu jisho ryawe.
• Kugabanuka k'ubushobozi bwo kureba.
• Umuvuduko w'amaso ukabije.
• Kuva amaraso.

Kubwibyo, mbere yo gutangira ubuvuzi ubwo aribwo bwose, ni ngombwa cyane kuganira na muganga wawe no gusobanukirwa neza ibyiza, ibibi n'ingaruka mbi zishobora kubaho.

Bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo umuntu akire nyuma yo kuvurwa?

Igihe cyo gukira giterwa n'ubwoko bw'ubuvuzi wagize n'ubwoko bw'indwara y'ijisho wagize. Urugero, niba ufite agahu k'umwuka mu jisho, bishobora gufata ibyumweru byinshi kugira ngo agahu k'umwuka kashire. Ushobora kudashobora kujya ku kazi mu gihe cy'ibyumweru bibiri kugeza kuri bine. Nanone, ntushobora kuguruka cyangwa guhumeka okiside nitrous, ikoreshwa mu buvuzi bumwe na bumwe bw'amenyo, mu gihe ufite agahu k'umwuka mu jisho (ariko ibi ni iby'igihe gito).

Niba utewe inshinge mu maso, muganga wawe azakubwira kuruhuka amaso yawe, gukoresha amarira y'ubukorano, kandi ntugakore isuku mu maso yawe. Ariko nta "gihe nyacyo cyo gukira" gihari kuri ibyo.

Ese retina yangiritse ishobora gukira burundu?

Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, retina yangiritse ishobora gukira cyangwa gusanwa. Ariko, hari indwara zitagira umuti urambye. Kubwibyo, ni byiza kuganira na muganga wawe ku kibazo cyawe bwite. Ashobora kugusobanurira ikibazo cyawe no kuguha gahunda nziza yo kuvura.

Ese izi ndwara zo mu mitsi yo mu nda zishobora kwirindwa? Ingaruka zishobora kugabanuka gute?

Ntidushobora gukumira indwara zimwe na zimwe zifata impyiko, cyane cyane izikomoka ku nkomoko y'umubiri. Ariko hari ibyo dushobora gukora kugira ngo tugabanye ibyago byo kurwara izindi ndwara:

• Gucunga indwara zidakira: Niba ufite indwara nk'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso (umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso) cyangwa diyabete, ni ngombwa kuzigenzura neza. Ni ngombwa kandi kugenzura ibiro by'umubiri (umubyibuho ukabije cyangwa umubyibuho ukabije).
• Gusuzuma amaso buri gihe: Suzuma amaso yawe hakurikijwe gahunda yatanzwe na muganga wawe w'amaso. Muri ubu buryo, niba hari ikibazo, gishobora kumenyekana hakiri kare.
• Kurinda amaso yawe:Ambara ibikingira amaso (indorerwamo z'amaso, ingabo) mu gihe ukora (urugero: gukora imbaho, gukora ibyuma) cyangwa ukina siporo yo gukubita amaso. Ndetse n'impanuka isa n'aho ari nto ishobora kwangiza amaso cyane.

Bigenda bite iyo mrwaye ubu bwoko bw'indwara? Ni iki nkwiye kwitega?

Uko indwara y'ijisho ihagaze biterwa n'ubwoko bw'indwara ufite. Rero, ganira na muganga wawe ku kibazo cyawe. Ashobora kugusobanurira ikibazo cyawe no kugufasha guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura. Uzamenya kandi icyo witeze mu kureba no gukira muri rusange.

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?

Ni ingenzi cyane kwipimisha amaso buri gihe, cyane cyane niba ufite ikibazo cy’uburwayi gishobora gutera indwara zo mu maso, nka diyabete.

Niba ubonye impinduka zitunguranye mu kureba kwawe (urugero: gutakaza amaso mu buryo butunguranye, ibibara by'umukara bitangiye kureremba imbere y'amaso yawe, kubona amatara, kubona imirongo igororotse), hita ubonana na muganga w'amaso. Ntugapfushe umwanya.

Ni ryari nkwiye kujya mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze?

Muri iki gihe, ugomba guhita ujya mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze, cyangwa ugahamagara 1990:

• Niba uhita utakaza amaso yawe yose cyangwa igice cyayo.
• Niba ubabara amaso cyane.
• Iyo habaye impanuka ikomeye cyangwa igikomere ku jisho.

Ibi ni ibihe byihutirwa, ntugatinde.

Ni ibihe bibazo ngomba kubaza muganga wanjye ku ndwara zo mu mitsi yo mu jisho?

Ufite uburenganzira bwo kubaza muganga wawe ibibazo byose ufite. Ushobora kubaza ibibazo nk'ibi:

• Ese iyi ndwara mfite ishobora kuvurwa? Ese ishobora gukira burundu?
• Ni izihe ngaruka mbi zishobora guterwa n'ubuvuzi?
• Ni iyihe miti cyangwa impinduka z'ubuzima nshobora gukora kugira ngo mfashe guhagarika ibimenyetso byanjye birushaho kwiyongera?
• Ni ibihe bintu bishobora gutuma ntabona neza?
• Ni izihe serivisi wasaba abantu kugira ngo babashe kubaho bafite ikibazo cyo kutabona?
• Ese nujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo ngire uruhare mu igeragezwa ry’ubuvuzi?

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka

Si indwara zose zifata amenyo zimeze kimwe. Ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa imiterere yawe bwite no kumenya impinduka iyo ari yo yose mu maso yawe. Gutahura no kuvurwa hakiri kare akenshi bitanga umusaruro mwiza.

Ushobora kugira amarangamutima atandukanye ku bijyanye n'indwara y'amaso yawe. Ushobora kumva ufite ubwoba, uhangayitse, cyangwa ubabaye. Ibyo ni ibisanzwe. Vugana n'ikipe y'abaganga bawe n'umuryango wawe ku byo ukeneye n'uko wiyumva. Barahari kugira ngo bagufashe mu buryo bwose bushoboka. Wibuke ko utari wenyine.

retina , indwara z'amaso, ubuzima bw'amaso, kutabona neza, kwangirika kw'amaso, indwara ya diyabete, kwita ku maso