Ese ufite inkovu ishaje y'urukingo ku kuboko kwawe? (Inkovu y'urukingo rwa Smallpox) Reka tumenye ibisobanuro birambuye!

Ese wigeze ubona inkovu nto, izengurutse hejuru y'ukuboko kwawe, cyangwa wenda ku biganza by'ababyeyi bawe cyangwa ba sogokuru? Akenshi, isa n'umwobo wacukuwe mu ruhu munsi y'ubuso. Hari n'abayita "inkovu y'ibihaha." Iyi nkovu ni iki mu by'ukuri? Kuki ivuka? Reka tubiganireho birambuye uyu munsi.

Inkovu y'urukingo rwa smallpox ni iki?

Mu magambo make, inkovu y'urukingo rwa smallpox ni ikimenyetso gito gisigara ku kuboko kwawe nyuma yo guterwa urushinge rukurinda smallpox. Iyi nkovu akenshi iba ifite ishusho izengurutse, ariko rimwe na rimwe impande zishobora kuba zitangana. Igaragara kandi ko yazamutse gato ugereranyije n'uruhu ruyikikije.

Noneho reba, hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'inkingo zidasanzwe zitera inkovu nk'iyi:

• `ACAM2000™`: Uru ni urukingo rukoreshwa n'abakozi bo mu rwego rw'ubuzima muri iki gihe mu kurinda abantu indwara ya ndurwe. Ariko, si buri wese uhabwa. Ruhabwa abakozi bo muri laboratwari bakorana n'ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa virusi, ndetse na bamwe mu basirikare. Wari ubizi? Kubera gahunda zo gukingira zabanje, virusi itera ndurwe ubu yamaze gukurwaho burundu ku isi. Kubwibyo, ntabwo ikwirakwira hose ku isi.
• `Dryvax®`: Uru ni urukingo rwa smallpox rwakoreshwaga mbere ya `ACAM2000™`, mbere y'uko rwemezwa n'Ikigo gishinzwe ibiribwa n'imiti muri Amerika (`Ikigo gishinzwe ibiribwa n'imiti muri Amerika - FDA`). Uru rukingo rwahawe abantu benshi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika hagati mu myaka ya 1900. Ariko, rwahagaritswe gutangwa buri gihe nyuma ya 1972. Nyuma y'ibyo, `Dryvax®` yahabwaga gusa amatsinda yatoranyijwe, nk'abakozi bo mu rwego rw'ubuzima n'abasirikare. Kugeza mu 2008 ni bwo `Dryvax®` yahagaritswe burundu maze `ACAM2000™` ihabwa mu mwanya wayo.

Rero inkovu iri ku kuboko kwawe ishobora guterwa n'urukingo rumwe muri izi ebyiri, cyane cyane niba ushaje gato.

Kuki uru rukingo rwa smallpox rusigira inkovu?

Ikibazo cyiza! Impamvu nyamukuru ituma urukingo rwa smallpox rusiga inkovu ni uko rutera ubwandu buto mu ruhu rwawe iyo uhawe urukingo. Ntugahangayike, ubu ni ubwandu bugenzurwa kandi bugambiriwe. Umubiri wawe uzarwanya ubwandu kandi uburaneshe. Ariko, aho iyi ntambara yabereye, ni ukuvuga aho ubwandu n'ububyimba bijyana nabwo byari biri, hazabaho inkovu nto.

Urukingo rwa `ACAM2000™` (n'urukingo rwa `Dryvax®` rwabanje) rutangwa hakoreshejwe urushinge rwihariye rufite umutwe ugizwe n'ibice bibiri. Umuganga ashyira uru rushinge mu mazi y'urushinge hanyuma agatobora uruhu rwo hejuru y'ukuboko kwawe inshuro nyinshi. Ibi bitera, nk'uko byavuzwe, "ubwandu buto" bugarukira aho rwatewe. Iyi ni ingaruka isanzwe kandi yitezwe y'urukingo. Iyi ndwara nto ikangura "ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri" bwawe kugira ngo burusheho kwiyubaka mu kwirinda indwara.

Igikomeye ni uko uru rukingo rutazagutera indwara y'ibicurane. Ibi biterwa nuko uru rukingo rudakozwe hakoreshejwe virusi itera indwara y'ibicurane (virusi ya variola). Ahubwo, rukoresha virusi yitwa 'virusi ya vaccinia'. Iyi virusi ya vaccinia ni virusi ifitanye isano na virusi ya bicurane. Rero iyo umubiri wawe wubatse ubudahangarwa bw'icyorezo cya virusi ya bicirane, uba witeguye no kurwanya virusi ya bicurane. Ntabwo ari ibintu bitangaje?

Mu minsi itatu cyangwa ine nyuma yo guterwa urushinge, aho urushinge ruzaba rutukura, rubyimbe, kandi rukara. Ibi byitwa "gufata." Ni ikimenyetso cy'uko urushinge ruri gukora. Nyuma y'iminsi mike, aka gace kazahinduka ikibyimba cyuzuyemo amabyi, kizakura nyuma y'iminsi 10. Hanyuma kizatangira kuma. Uko ikibyimba kigenda gikira, hazavuka ikibyimba hejuru yacyo. Ibi ni bimwe mu bigize inzira isanzwe yo gukira k'uruhu rwawe. Iki kibyimba kizagwa hagati y'iminsi 14 na 21 nyuma yo guterwa urushinge. Niho hasigara inkovu nto, ifite umwobo.

Iyi nkovu ni ikimenyetso cyiza cy'uko urukingo rwagenze neza, ko rwaguhaye ubudahangarwa bwo kurwanya indwara ya ndurwe. Ariko ibuka ko ubu budahangarwa bwuzuye budahoraho ubuzima bwose. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko ubudahangarwa butangira kugabanuka nyuma y'imyaka itatu kugeza kuri itanu urukingo. Niyo mpamvu bamwe mu bantu (nk'abakozi bo muri laboratwari) bagomba guhabwa urukingo inshuro nyinshi mu gihe cy'imyaka myinshi kugira ngo bakomeze kurinda indwara.

Kuki ntafite inkovu y'urukingo rwa snorkel?

Niba uherutse guhabwa urukingo rwa smallpox kandi utararwara uduheri, birashoboka ko urukingo rutafashe neza. Ni ukuvuga ko urukingo rutakoze uko byari byitezwe. Ariko, abakozi bo mu rwego rw'ubuzima bakunze kubisuzuma hakiri kare (mbere yuko umenya ko udafite uduheri).

Abaganga bazasuzuma ibimenyetso bya "reaction" mu cyumweru cya mbere nyuma yo gusigwa. Ni ukuvuga niba hari uduheri twatangiye ndetse niba umubiri wawe urimo kwitwara neza. Niba ibi bimenyetso bitagaragaye, ushobora kongera gusigwa. Muganga wawe azakugira inama ku cyakubera cyiza muri icyo gihe.

Inkovu zishobora kuba zikiri ku bantu bahawe urukingo rwa smallpox mu myaka yashize. Hari igihe zishobora gucika buhoro buhoro uko igihe kigenda gihita. Hari n'abantu bavurwa "inkovu" kugira ngo bagabanye inkovu, niba babyifuza.

Ese urukingo rwa Mpox rutera inkovu?

Biterwa n'urukingo uhabwa. Tekereza nawe, virusi zitera indwara y'ibicurane (`smallpox`) na mumps (`mpox`) zirasa cyane, kimwe n'abavandimwe. Niyo mpamvu abakozi bo mu rwego rw'ubuzima bashoboye gukoresha urukingo rwa mumps kugira ngo barinde abantu indwara y'ibicurane.

Rero, abahabwa urukingo rwa `ACAM2000™` bazagira inkovu nk'uko byavuzwe. Ariko, abakozi bo mu rwego rw'ubuzima mu bihugu nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bahitamo gukoresha urukingo rwa `JYNNEOS®` kugira ngo birinde indwara ya smallpox kuko ifite ibyago bike byo kugira ingaruka mbi zikomeye.

Kuba abantu bahabwa urukingo rwa `JYNNEOS®` barwara uduheri biterwa n'uburyo bwo gutanga urukingo. Hari uburyo bubiri bw'ingenzi bwo gutanga urukingo rwa `JYNNEOS®`:

• Urukingo rwo mu ruhu: Ubusanzwe rutangwa imbere mu gahanga. Muganga akoresha urushinge ruto kugira ngo atere urukingo hagati y’ibice bibiri byo hejuru by’uruhu rwawe (epidermis na dermis). Kubera ko uruhu rwawe rufite uturemangingo twinshi tw’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri, ndetse n’urukingo ruto rw’urukingo rushobora gukangura utwo turemangingo no gufasha umubiri wawe kubaka ubwirinzi bwarwo. Iyo habayeho icyorezo gitunguranye nk’indwara y’inkorora, gukoresha uturemangingo ruto bishobora gufasha gukingiza abantu benshi.
• Urukingo rwo munsi y'uruhu: Ubusanzwe uru rukingo rutangwa mu kuboko ko hejuru. Muganga akoresha urushinge kugira ngo atere urukingo mu gice cyo hasi cy'uruhu rwawe (hypodermis).

Ubwo buryo bwombi ni bwiza kandi bufite akamaro. Ariko, iyo urukingo rutanzwe binyuze mu buryo bwa `intradermal`, rimwe na rimwe rushobora gutera uburibwe bw'uruhu no guhinduka ibara. Ibi akenshi biba iby'igihe gito. Ariko, hari abantu bashobora kugira inkovu z'igihe kirekire ziturutse kuri uru rukingo. Abantu bakurikira bafite ibyago byinshi:

• Abantu bafite amateka yo kugira inkovu zikomeye zo mu bihe byashize.
• Abantu bafite amateka yo kurwara inkovu zitwa 'Keloid scars'. Izi ni inkovu ndende kandi zibyimbye zigaragara hejuru y'uruhu. Zishobora kugaragara nk'umutuku cyangwa umutuku. Zishobora kuba zifite ibara rimwe n'uruhu rwawe cyangwa zigira ibara ryijimye.

Abantu bafite inkomoko y’abirabura, abanyalatine, cyangwa abirabura, ni ukuvuga abafite uruhu rwijimye, bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara inkovu za keloid.

Rero, umuntu wese ufite ibyago byo kurwara inkovu ntazakingirwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa `intradermal`. Ahubwo, azahabwa uburyo bwa `subcutaneous`. Muganga wawe azakubwira amateka yawe y'ubuzima (harimo n'amateka yose y'inkovu) mbere yo kuguha urukingo. Azahitamo rwose uburyo bukubereye.

Ese kugira inkovu y'urukingo rwa snorkel bivuze ko urinzwe na Mpox?

Muganga wawe ni we muntu mwiza wo kukubwira niba ukingiwe iseru cyangwa izindi ndwara zandura. Wari ubizi? Hari ibintu byinshi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku rwego rw'ubwirinzi bwawe. Urugero:

• Ni uruhe rukingo wahawe (nk'urukingo rwa `ACAM2000™` cyangwa `JYNNEOS®`).
• Wayiguze ryari?
• Urwo rukingo rutanga uburinzi igihe kingana iki?

Muganga wawe ashobora gusuzuma ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe akurikije amateka y'inkingo zawe n'ubushakashatsi buheruka ku kuramba kw'inkingo.

Ikindi kintu ugomba kwibuka ni uko kuba ufite inkovu y'inkorora ku kuboko kwawe, bitavuze ko wahawe urukingo rw'inkorora. Birashoboka ko hari abantu bamwe, cyane cyane abavukiye hanze ya Sri Lanka, bahawe urukingo rwa Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), rutangwa ku gituntu. Urukingo rwa BCG narwo rusiga inkovu ku kuboko kwawe, isa cyane n'inkovu y'inkorora y'inkorora.

Ariko, izi ni inkingo ebyiri zitandukanye rwose, zitangwa ku barwayi ba virusi ebyiri zitandukanye cyane. Uzakingirwa indwara y'ibicurane gusa iyo uhawe urukingo rwagenewe kandi rwemewe.

Abantu benshi, iyo barebye inkovu y’urukingo rwabo rwa smallpox, bibuka umunsi nyawo barufasheho. Kuri bamwe, bishobora kuba byarabayeho mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo ishize, nk'igice cya gahunda ikomeye yo gukingira kugira ngo barandure smallpox ku isi. Ku bandi, bishobora kuba ari ikintu baherutse kubona, bitewe n'imiterere y'akazi kabo.

Uko igihe, ahantu cyangwa impamvu byaba biri kose, gucika uduheri ni ikimenyetso cyiza cy'uko umubiri wawe wubatse ubwirinzi bw'umubiri kugira ngo bukurinde wowe n'abandi. Niba ufite ikibazo ku gucika uduheri kwawe cyangwa inkingo ugomba guhabwa, ntutindiganye kubaza umuganga.

Ibintu by'ingenzi cyane ugomba kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

• Inkovu y'urukingo rwa smallpox ni ikimenyetso gisigara ku kuboko nyuma yo guhabwa urukingo rwa smallpox (ACAM2000™ cyangwa Dryvax® ya kera).
• Uku gushyuha guterwa n'uko umubiri uba witabiriye ubwandu buke buterwa n'urukingo mu ruhu. Iki ni ikimenyetso cy'uko urukingo rwagenze neza.
• Urukingo rwa smallpox ntabwo rurimo virusi ya smallpox, ahubwo rurimo virusi isa na yo yitwa 'vaccinia virus'.
• Niba nta nkovu ihari, urukingo rushobora kuba rutarafashwe. Shaka inama kwa muganga kuri ibi.
• Inkovu zikomoka ku rukingo rwa mpox (nka JYNNEOS®) biterwa n'uburyo bwo gutanga (imbere mu ruhu cyangwa munsi y'uruhu) n'ibintu byihariye.
• Nubwo inkovu ya BCG isa n'inkovu y'inkorora, ni ibintu bibiri bitandukanye. Kugira inkovu y'inkorora gusa ntibivuze ko urinzwe n'inkorora y'inkorora.
• Muganga wawe ni we muntu mwiza uzi neza ibijyanye n'ubudahangarwa bwawe n'inkingo zawe.

Rero, ndizera ko ubu usobanukiwe neza n'iyo nkovu nto iri ku kuboko kwawe. Si inkovu gusa, ahubwo ni urugero rwiza rw'uburyo siyansi yateye imbere mu kuturinda indwara!

Inkovu y'inkorora, inkovu y'urukingo, inkovu y'urukingo rw'inkorora, ACAM2000, Dryvax, Mpox, JYNNEOS, ubudahangarwa