Bite ho niba umutsi w'amaraso mu bwonko bwawe ufunze? Reka tumenye 'Stroke ya Thrombotic'!

Ese wigeze wumva inkuru y’indwara yo mu bwonko ibaho iyo amaraso atembera mu bwonko afunze? Hari igihe uhita utakaza ubushobozi bwo kuvuga, cyangwa ukumva urimo kubura ubushobozi bwo kugenzura uruhande rumwe rw’umubiri wawe. Ibi ni byo twita 'stroke yo mu bwonko.' Iyi ni indwara ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga, bityo ni ngombwa ko wowe n'abakunzi bawe mumenya icyo mugomba kwitega.

"Stroke yo mu bwoko bwa Thrombotic" ni iki? Reka tubimenye mu buryo bworoshye!

Mu magambo make, stroke yo mu bwonko iterwa n'imitsi itera amaraso mu bwonko ni stroke ibaho iyo amaraso apfunditse mu mitsi itera amaraso mu bwonko ikayifunga. Tekereza nk'igipande cy'imyanda gifatirwa mu muyoboro w'amazi kikabuza amazi gutemba. Iyi mitsi itera amaraso mu bwonko ibuza ibice by'ubwonko kubona amaraso bakeneye, bivuze ogisijeni n'intungamubiri. Uturemangingo tw'ubwonko ntidushobora kubaho igihe kirekire tudafite ogisijeni, kandi iyo bibaye bityo, utwo turemangingo dutangira gupfa.

Igisebe icyo ari cyo cyose giterwa no kuziba k'imitsi y'amaraso nk'iyi cyitwa 'ischemic stroke'. 'Thrombotic stroke' ni ubwoko bwihariye bwa 'ischemic stroke'.

Iki ni ikibazo cyihutirwa cy’ubuvuzi gishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga. Niba wowe cyangwa undi muntu uzi afite ibi bimenyetso, hamagara 911 ako kanya uhamagare imbangukiragutabara, cyangwa umujyane ku bitaro biri hafi vuba bishoboka. Wibuke ko buri segonda rigira agaciro. Uko uvurwa vuba, niko uba ushobora kugabanya kwangirika k’ubwonko no kurokora ubuzima.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'indwara ya "thrombotic stroke"?

Ibimenyetso bya stroke yo mu mitsi bisa cyane n'iby'ubundi bwoko bwa stroke yo mu mitsi. Kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi bishobora kubaho mu buryo butunguranye, nta nteguza :

• Kureba kabiri (diplopia) ni igihe kureba mu jisho rimwe bihita bitagaragara neza.
• Umutwe utunguranye kandi utakwihanganirwa.
• Kubura ubushobozi bwo kugenzura imitsi ku ruhande rumwe rw'isura, nko kunanirwa gufunga ijisho rimwe neza cyangwa kunanirwa gufunga neza.
• Indwara nshya yo kugira isesemi no kuruka.
• Gucika intege / Kunanirwa.
• Gusobanya amagambo mu gihe uvuga, nk'aho ari ukuvungagurika, no gusobanya amagambo (Dysarthria).
• Gutakaza ibyiyumvo mu buryo butunguranye mu byumviro byawe bimwe cyangwa byinshi. Ibi bivuze ko ibintu nko kubona, kumva, guhumurirwa, uburyohe, no gukoraho bihita bibura.
• Kugorwa no kuvuga, cyangwa kutabona amagambo yo kuvuga, cyangwa se no gutakaza burundu ijambo (aphasia).
• Kugorwa no kugenda, kumva umubiri umeze nk'aho watakaje uburinganire, nk'aho udakandagira hasi neza (inzira idahamye).
• Kudasubiza ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose. Hashobora kubaho nta gisubizo kiboneka mu kuvuga cyangwa gukorakora.
• Kurema cyangwa intege nke z'uruhande rumwe rw'isura n'umubiri (uruhande rw'iburyo cyangwa ibumoso).

Kubera ko ibi bimenyetso bibaho mu buryo butunguranye, ni ngombwa cyane kubyitondera.

Ibimenyetso by'umuburo by'indwara yo mu bwonko: Wibuke 'KWIHUTA'!

Kugira ngo umenye niba wowe cyangwa uwo ukunda afite ikibazo cyo gucika kw'imitsi, ibuka izi nyuguti z'Icyongereza zisobanura 'BE FAST'. Reka turebe icyo zisobanura:

• B - Kuringaniza: Reba niba hari ikibazo gitunguranye cyo kuringaniza cyangwa kudahagarara neza mu gihe ugenda.
• E - Amaso: Shaka niba hari ikibazo cyo kutabona neza, kutabona neza, cyangwa kureba kabiri mu jisho rimwe cyangwa yombi.
• F - Isura: Saba umureba kumwenyura. Reba niba uruhande rumwe rw'isura rusa n'aho runanutse cyangwa runanutse.
• A - Amaboko: Saba kuzamura amaboko yombi imbere yabo. Reba niba ukuboko kumwe kwaguye cyangwa gusa n'aho gufite intege nke, kudashobora guterura hejuru nk'ukundi.
• S - Imvugo: Reba niba amagambo yawe ahindagurika, niba bikugora guhitamo amagambo akwiye, cyangwa niba udashobora kuvuga na gato. Reba niba ushobora kuvuga interuro yoroshye neza iyo ubajijwe.
• T - Igihe: Igihe ni ingenzi cyane! Gerageza kwibuka neza igihe ibi bimenyetso byatangiriye. Niba bishoboka, reba isaha cyangwa telefoni wandike igihe. Ibi bizafasha abaganga guhitamo uburyo bwo kuvura. Niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, hamagara 1990 ako kanya udatebaganye!

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera 'stroke yo mu mitsi'?

Ubu tuzi ko 'stroke yo mu maraso' iterwa no kuziba k'imitsi y'amaraso iri mu bwonko bwawe. 'Thrombosi' ni ijambo ry'ubuvuzi risobanura kubumba amaraso. 'Thrombosi' ni inzira amaraso abumba. Rero, 'stroke yo mu maraso' ni 'thrombosi', bisobanura stroke iterwa no kubumba amaraso.

Hari indwara nyinshi zishobora gutuma amaraso acika muri ubu buryo:

• Ateriosclerosis (gukomera/kuziba inkuta z'imitsi): Iki ni igihe cholesterol n'ibinure byiyongera mu mitsi yacu, bigatuma inkuta z'imitsi zigenda zikomera buhoro buhoro, bigatuma inzira y'amaraso igabanuka. Ni nk'ingese ziyongera mu muyoboro w'amazi ushaje. Utu duce duto dushobora gutuma amaraso acika.
• Indwara ya Atrial Fibrillation: Iyi ni indwara aho umutima utera mu buryo butari bwo. Kubera ko umutima udatera neza, amaraso ashobora kuzura mu mutima, ashobora kujya mu bwonko no kuziba imitsi.
• Indwara zo kuvura amaraso:Hari abantu bashobora kugira akamenyero ko kuvura amaraso mu buryo bworoshye, haba kuva bavutse cyangwa bitewe n'indwara zivuka nyuma.
• Covid-19: Kwandura Covid-19 byagaragaye ko byongera ibyago byo kubyimba kw'amaraso mu bihe bimwe na bimwe.
• Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso (Hypertension): Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso wangiza imiyoboro y'amaraso kandi ukongera ibyago byo kubyimba kw'amaraso muri yo.
• Kolesteroli nyinshi / Hyperlipidemie: Uko urugero rwa kolesteroli rwiyongera, ibyago byo kurwara atherosclerosis biriyongera.
• Indwara: Amaraso ashobora no kuzura bitewe n'ibintu nk'indwara zimwe na zimwe za bagiteri cyangwa fungi, sepsis, n'indwara z'umutima.

Reka kandi twige ibyerekeye 'Igitero cy'Inkemike cy'Indagihe' (TIA).

'Indwara y'igihe gito' bamwe bita kandi 'indwara yo gucika intege'. Ni nk'indwara yo gucika intege, ariko ibimenyetso ni iby'igihe gito. Ibi bimenyetso akenshi bishira mu masaha atarenze 24, akenshi mu minota mike. Ibimenyetso bya TIA bisa n'iby'indwara yo gucika intege.

TIA si ikintu gito gusa. Ni umuburo ukomeye cyane! Umuntu warwaye TIA aba afite ibyago byinshi byo kugira stroke nyayo mu gihe cya vuba. Kubwibyo, niba ibimenyetso bya TIA bigaragaye, nubwo byashira, ni ngombwa gushaka inama kwa muganga byihuse.

Ni nde ufite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara ya stroke iterwa n'imitsi?

Nubwo umuntu wese ashobora kugira stroke yo mu mitsi, hari abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kugira:

• Abantu barengeje imyaka 65. Ingaruka ziyongera uko imyaka igenda ishira bitewe n'impinduka mu mitsi y'amaraso.
• Hari amoko amwe n'amwe hirya no hino ku isi yagaragaye ko ari yo afite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura. (Ingingo ya mbere ivuga ku "Abirabura"; ni byiza kubisobanura muri rusange ku bantu bo muri Sri Lanka keretse amakuru yihariye yo mu gace runaka arimo kuvugwa.)
• Ku bantu banywa itabi cyangwa bakoresha ibindi bicuruzwa bishingiye ku itabi/nikotine (nk'abanywa itabi). Kunywa itabi byangiza cyane imiyoboro y'amaraso.
• Ku bakoresha ibiyobyabwenge bitemewe n'amategeko.

Nanone, abantu bafite indwara zimwe na zimwe baba bari mu kaga gakomeye:

• Ku banywa inzoga nyinshi (indwara yo kunywa inzoga).
• Ku bafite umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso (Hypertension).
• Ku bantu barwaye diyabete. Diyabete ishobora no kwangiza imiyoboro y'amaraso.

Ni gute abaganga basuzuma indwara ya 'stroke yo mu maraso'?

Niba ukeka ko ufite ikibazo cyo gucika kw'imitsi, abaganga bazabanza bagukorere isuzuma ry'imitsi. Ibi bivuze ko bazasuzuma kwibuka kwawe, imvugo yawe, imbaraga zawe, n'uburyo uhagaze. Bazakora kandi isuzuma ry'umubiri n'ibindi bizamini bike. Niba ugejejwe mu cyumba cy'ubutabazi bwihuse, abaganga baho bazahita batangira ibi bizamini.

Ibizamini nk'ibi bishobora gukoreshwa mu kwemeza indwara yo gucika intege mu bwonko:

• Gupima amaraso: Reba ibintu nk'ibibazo byo kuvura amaraso, urugero rw'isukari, n'urugero rwa cholesterol.
• Ultrasound ya Carotid: Ibi bifasha kureba niba hari imiyoboro y'amaraso ikomeye mu ijosi (imitsi ya carotid).
• CT scan na/cyangwa CT angiogram: Ibi bifotora ubwonko kandi bigahita bimenya niba hari amaraso, amaraso yacitse, cyangwa ko ubwonko bwangiritse. CT angiogram ibasha kubona neza imiterere y'imitsi y'amaraso.
• Echocardiogram: Iki kizamini gikorwa kugira ngo harebwe imikorere y'umutima n'uko hari amaraso yacitse mu mutima.
• MRI na/cyangwa MRI angiogram: Ibi bishobora kandi gufata amafoto arambuye y'ubwonko n'imitsi y'amaraso. Bishobora kwerekana neza ibyangiritse mu bwonko kurusha CT scan.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura indwara ya stroke iterwa n'imitsi?

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane mu kuvura indwara yo mu bwonko ya thrombotic stroke ni ukugarura amaraso mu bwonko vuba bishoboka. Abaganga bagerageza kubikora kugira ngo bagabanye ibyago byo kwangirika burundu k'ubwonko, ubumuga bushya, ndetse n'urupfu.

Hari uburyo bubiri bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura bukoreshwa:

1. Guca amaraso hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukata amaraso: Ibi bikubiyemo gukuraho amaraso akoresheje umuyoboro muto, woroshye (catheter). Muganga ashyira umuyoboro mu mutsi uri mu kuboko kwawe cyangwa mu nda yawe akawushyira mu maraso ari mu bwonko bwawe. Hanyuma muganga ahita akuraho amaraso ari mu bwonko cyangwa akayacamo ibice hanyuma agakuraho ibice. Ubu buryo bwo kuvura bushobora gukorwa mu masaha 24 uhereye igihe ibimenyetso byatangiriye.

2. Ubuvuzi bwa Thrombolytic: Iyi ni imiti isesa amaraso. Ariko, iyi miti ishobora gutangwa mu masaha ane n'igice (4.5) nyuma y'uko ibimenyetso bitangiye. Niyo mpamvu bavuga ko igihe ari cyo cy'ingenzi.

Uretse ubu buryo bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura, ushobora gukenera ubundi buryo bwo kuvura:

• Kugenzura isukari mu maraso: Kugenzura urugero rw'isukari mu maraso bifasha ubwonko bwawe gukira.
• Igabanya amaraso:Kenshi na kenshi, uzakenera gufata imiti igabanya ubukana bw'amaraso, nka aspirine. Niba ufite ikibazo cyo kuvura amaraso mu buryo bw'imitsi cyangwa indwara yo kuvura amaraso mu buryo bw'imitsi, ushobora guhabwa imiti ikomeye igabanya ubukana bw'amaraso mu mitsi. Iyi miti igabanya ibyago byo kongera kuvura amaraso mu mitsi.
• Gucibwa kwa Endater: Ubu ni ukubaga kugira ngo hakurweho plaque mu mitsi y'amaraso yafunganye cyangwa yazibye. Ibi bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kongera kurema ikindi gice cy'amaraso.
• Gushyuha gake k’ubwonko ku bushake: Hari ubwo abaganga bagabanya ubushyuhe bw’umubiri wawe gato mu buryo bwizewe. Ibi bishobora kugabanya kwangirika k’ubwonko mu gihe na nyuma y’indwara yo mu bwonko.
• Uburyo bwo kuvura umwuka wa ogisijeni: Nyuma yo gucika intege mu bwonko, ubwonko ntibubona umwuka uhagije wa ogisijeni. Bityo abaganga bashobora kuguha umwuka wa ogisijeni wiyongereye binyuze mu muyoboro ushyirwa mu mazuru yawe. Ibi bituma byoroha guhumeka kandi bigafasha umubiri wawe kubona umwuka wa ogisijeni mwinshi mu bwonko bwawe.
• Gutera amenyo: Stent ni umuyoboro muto cyane umeze nk'umuyoboro ushyirwa mu mitsi y'amaraso kandi ugafasha kuyigumana ifunguye, bigatuma amaraso atembera byoroshye.

Gusubirana ubuzima nyuma yo kurwara indwara yo mu bwonko yitwa thrombotic stroke ni ingenzi cyane?

Gusubirana ubuzima ni ingenzi cyane nyuma yo gucika intege mu bwonko. Gusubirana ubuzima mu bwonko bitera impinduka mu bwonko bwawe no ku mubiri wawe. Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara zo gusubirana ubuzima bushobora kugufasha kumenyera izo mpinduka, kugarura ubushobozi bwawe bwa mbere, cyangwa kwiga kubaho ufite ubumuga bushya. Ushobora gukenera bumwe cyangwa uruvange rw'uburyo bukurikira:

• Kuvugurura ubwenge: Ibi bifasha kunoza ubumenyi bwo mu mutwe nko kwibuka, igihe cyo kwita ku bintu, no gukemura ibibazo.
• Ubuvuzi bw'akazi: Ubu buvuzi bugufasha gukora imirimo yawe ya buri munsi mu mutekano, cyane cyane imirimo isaba gukora buhoro buhoro (urugero: kurya, kwambara, kwandika).
• Ubuvuzi bw'umubiri: Ibi bifasha gukomeza imitsi y'umubiri, kunoza uburinganire, no kongera gukoresha amaboko n'amaguru.
• Ubuvuzi bwo kuvuga: Ubu buvuzi bugufasha kugarura ubuhanga bwawe mu rurimi no mu kuvuga, ndetse no kugenzura imitsi igufasha kuvuga, guhumeka, kurya no kumira.

Uburyo bwo kuvugurura ubuzima bushobora kugorana gato, ariko ibisubizo birakwiye.

Ni ayahe mahirwe yo kurokoka 'stroke yo mu maraso'?

Ku bw'amahirwe, uko uburyo bushya bwo kuvura indwara yo gucika kw'imitsi bugenda butera imbere, umubare w'abantu barokotse indwara yo gucika kw'imitsi urimo kwiyongera. Ariko biragoye kumenya igihe gikwiye cyo gukira cyangwa uko umuntu wese azabyitwaramo.

Ubusanzwe indwara zo mu bwonko ziterwa n’imitsi yo mu bwonko (thrombotic stroke) zishobora kubaho kurusha indwara zo mu bwonko ziterwa no guturika k’umutsi w’amaraso mu bwonko. Ariko ibyo ntibivuze ko ushobora kubaho kurusha abandi. Umubiri wa buri wese ukira indwara yo mu bwonko mu buryo butandukanye, bityo biragoye ko abaganga batanga igitekerezo nyacyo kibereye buri wese.

Ni iki giteganyijwe?

Ubwoko bw'imimerere ushobora kwitega biterwa n'ibintu byinshi:

• Uburyo wavuwe vuba.
• Ni ibihe bice by'ubwonko byangiritse?
• Ubuzima bwawe muri rusange bumeze bute?

Akenshi bifata amezi menshi kugira ngo umuntu akire neza. Kuri bamwe, bishobora gufata igihe kirekire. Muganga wawe azakubwira icyo ugomba kwitega. Ntugahangayike, bazagufasha kwishyiriraho no kugera ku ntego zikubereye.

Ese indwara yo mu bwonko ishobora kwirindwa?

Yego, urashobora! Kugumana ubuzima bwiza muri rusange ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda indwara zo mu bwonko ziterwa n'imitsi n'amaraso abyimba bitewe nabyo. Gerageza ibi bintu:

• Kurya indyo yuzuye. Kurya imbuto nyinshi, imboga, ibinyampeke byuzuye, na fibre. Gabanya amavuta, umunyu n'isukari. Komeza kugira ibiro bizima bikubereye.
• Kora imyitozo ngororamubiri ihoraho. Kora imyitozo ngororamubiri igutera kubira ibyuya, nibura iminota 30 ku munsi, iminsi 5 mu cyumweru.
• Komeza ugenzure urugero rwa cholesterol yawe, umuvuduko w'amaraso, n'izindi ndwara (nka diyabete). Fata imiti yawe nk'uko muganga wawe yabigutegetse.
• Niba unywa itabi, hagarika burundu. Niba ukeneye ubufasha bwo kurireka, shaka ubufasha kwa muganga cyangwa kuri gahunda zigufasha kurireka.

Jya kwa muganga nibura rimwe mu mwaka (cyangwa nk'uko muganga wawe agusaba) kugira ngo agupime ubuzima bwawe bwose. Ibibazo byinshi by'ubuzima bitera 'stroke zo mu mitsi' bigenda bikura buhoro buhoro. Ushobora kutabona ibimenyetso byabyo. Kubwibyo, ibizamini bya muganga bishobora kumenya ibimenyetso nk'ibyo by'umuburo hakiri kare no kubigenzura.

Ni gute nakwiyitaho nyuma yo kugira ikibazo cyo kubura amaraso mu mubiri (thrombotic stroke)?

Gukira no kuvura indwara yo mu bwonko nyuma yo gucika intege ntabwo byoroshye, ni imbaraga zikomeye. Kurikiza gahunda yo kuvura wowe na muganga wawe mukorera hamwe uko bishoboka kose. Muri rusange, fata ibi bikurikira:

• Menya neza ko ujya kwa muganga wita ku barwayi bashya n'abandi bantu bagufata. Niba hari ikintu kigutera kumva umerewe nabi cyangwa ufite umutekano, bwira umuganga wawe. Gukira biragoye, ariko ntugomba guhora ubabara.
• Ntiwibagirwe n'ubuzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe.Kwiheba no guhangayika ni ibintu bikunze kubaho nyuma yo gucika intege mu mutwe. Ubuzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe ni ingenzi kimwe n'ubuzima bwawe bw'umubiri. Ntugatekereze ko kumva ubabaye cyangwa uhangayitse bigutera intege nke. Niba wumva ukeneye ubufasha mu gukira kwawe, vugana na muganga cyangwa umujyanama w'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe .
• Fata imiti yawe neza nk'uko wabitegetswe, mu gihe gikwiye, kandi mu rugero rukwiye. Cyane cyane niba ufata imiti igabanya amaraso, menya neza ko uyifata neza. Gufata imiti yawe neza ni ingenzi kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kurwara amaraso mu gihe kizaza.

Ni ryari ngomba kongera kujya mu Ishami ry’Ubutabazi bw’Ingoboka (ETU) ?

Niba utekereza ko uzongera kugira stroke (nk'ibimenyetso bya BE FAST twavuze mbere), hamagara 1990 udatebaganye, cyangwa ujye kwa muganga ako kanya. Iyo ugize stroke ya kabiri, ibyago byo kugira ingorane zikomeye no gutakaza ubuzima biri hejuru cyane.

Umuntu wagize ikibazo cyo kubura amaraso mu bwonko (stroke) ashobora kugira izindi ngorane zikomeye, nka:

• Amaraso afunganye mu mitsi yo mu birenge (Deep vein thrombosis - DVT)
• Indwara y'umutima
• Guhagarika imitsi y'ibihaha
• Umusonga
• Indwara z'igicuri / ibicurane

Niba ubonye ibimenyetso by'ubu bwoko bw'ingorane, hamagara inzego z'ubutabazi bwihuse cyangwa ujye kwa muganga ako kanya.

Ni ibihe bibazo ngomba kubaza muganga wanjye?

• Ni izihe mpinduka ngomba gukora mu buzima bwanjye bwa buri munsi?
• Kuki nagize iyi ndwara yo gucika intege (stroke)?
• Ni hehe mu bwonko bwanjye amaraso yavuyemo?
• Ni iyihe miti ngomba gufata kandi nkwiye kuyifata nte?
• Ni izihe ngaruka mbi mfite zo kongera kugira stroke? Nakora iki kugira ngo nyigabanye?

Amaherezo, icyo ugomba kwibuka! (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Nubwo indwara yo mu bwonko itera imitsi itera stroke (thrombotic stroke) iba ari ikibazo gitunguranye, ibibazo biyitera bikunze kwiyongera buhoro buhoro uko igihe kigenda gihita. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa kujya kwa muganga nibura rimwe mu mwaka kugira ngo arebe ubuzima bwawe. Muri ubwo buryo, ushobora kumenya ibimenyetso by'umuburo no kubikemura mbere yuko amaraso agwa agatera stroke. Vugana na muganga wawe ku byago byawe byo kurwara stroke. Ashobora kugufasha kwita ku buzima bwawe muri rusange no gucunga ibintu bishobora gutera stroke.

Niba warigeze kugira ikibazo cyo gucika intege mu bwonko (stroke) kandi ukaba uri gukira, shimishwa n'impinduka zose ugize mu rugendo rwawe rwo gukira.Hari iminsi izaba igoye kurusha iyindi, ariko ugomba kwishimira wowe ubwawe. Gukira ni igikorwa gikomeye, kandi ugomba kwiyubaha kubera ibyo. Ntugahangayike, nturi wenyine. Hari abaganga, abavuzi, umuryango, n'inshuti bashobora kugufasha.

` Igisebe cyo mu bwonko, Igisebe cyo mu bwonko, Igisebe cyo mu bwonko, Amaraso agwa mu bwonko, Ibimenyetso bya Stroke, Kuvura Igisebe, Kwirinda Igisebe