Ese wigeze wumva indwara idasanzwe kandi iteje akaga gato igaragara mu bice bimwe na bimwe bya Afurika? Abaganga bayita trypanosomiasis. Hari n'abandi bayita "indwara yo gusinzira muri Afurika" kuko ituma wumva urimo gusinzira cyane. Mu by'ukuri ni indwara ikomeye iterwa n'udukoko. Reka tubiganireho birambuye uyu munsi.

Iyi Trypanosomiasis ni iki?

Muri make, trypanosomiasis ni indwara ikomeye cyane iterwa n'udukoko. Ishobora gukwirakwira mu bice bitandukanye by'umubiri wacu. Reka turebe aho igira ingaruka:

• Ku ruhu rwawe
• Ku bw'amaraso yawe
• Ku nsoro za lymph yawe
• Ubwonko bwawe n'amazi akikije ubwonko bwawe n'umugongo wawe , byitwa cerebrospinal fluid.

Iyi ndwara ikwirakwizwa no kurumwa n'ubwoko bwihariye bw'isazi buboneka muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba . Izi sazi zitwa isazi za tsetse . Izi sazi za tsetse ni nini, zifite umuhondo w'umukara cyangwa umukara wijimye zinyunyuza amaraso. Tekereza nawe, izi sazi zishobora kugira uburebure bwa santimetero 0.2 kugeza 0.6 (ni ukuvuga milimetero 6 kugeza 16). Afurika y'Iburasirazuba ni igice cya Afurika kinyura ku mupaka w'Iburasirazuba, munsi y'ubutayu bwa Sahara. Ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragara mu byumweru bike cyangwa amezi make nyuma yo kwandura.

Igikuru ni uko trypanosomiasis ari indwara ivurwa . Ariko, iyo idavuwe neza, ishobora no gutuma umuntu apfa .

Iyi ndwara yitwa andi mazina menshi:

• Indwara yo gusinzira muri Afurika
• Tripanosomiasis yo muri Afurika
• Tripanosomiasis y'abantu bo muri Afurika (HAT)

Kuki ibi byitwa "indwara yo gusinzira muri Afurika"?

Abantu benshi bita iyi ndwara trypanosomiasis "indwara yo gusinzira muri Afurika" kubera impamvu ebyiri. Imwe ni uko udukoko tuyitera twanduzwa n'isazi ya tsetse muri Afurika y'Amajyepfo. Ikindi ni uko kimwe mu bimenyetso by'ingenzi by'iyi ndwara ari uko ishobora kugira ingaruka ku bitotsi byawe . Ibyo bivuze ko ushobora kumva usinziriye igihe cyose.

Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara mu rugero rungana iki?

Trypanosomiasis yari indwara ikunze kugaragara cyane. Nk’uko bivugwa n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS), hari abantu bagera ku 30.000 banduye iyi ndwara mu mpera z’imyaka ya 1990 no mu ntangiriro z’imyaka ya 2000. Ariko, bitewe n’ingamba zo kuyirwanya zafashwe mu myaka 20 ishize, umubare w’abandura waragabanutse cyane .Kugeza mu 2020, hamaze kugaragara abantu batarenze 700 banduye trypanosomiasis.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya Trypanosomiasis?

Ibimenyetso by'iyi ndwara bishobora kugaragara kimwe kimwe. Reba niba ubizi (kubera ko iyi ndwara itagaragara mu gihugu cyacu, ni ngombwa kubimenya):

• Aho umuntu yarumwe hashobora kuvuka ikibyimba cyabyimbye, gihinduka ibara (umutuku, umuhengeri cyangwa umukara) . Ibi bishobora kubabaza.
• Umuriro uza ukongera ukagenda (umuriro usubira) .
• Umubiri uri gukonja (ubukonje) .
• Umutwe .
• Kubabara imitsi .
• Kubabara ingingo .
• Uduheri ku ruhu .
• Kugabanuka k'uturemangingo dutukura mu maraso, ni ukuvuga kubura amaraso .
• Kubyimba mu maso no mu mitsi .
• Kugorwa no kuba maso, gusinzira kenshi .
• Kudashobora kwibanda ku kintu runaka, kuba umuntu atazi icyo akora (Confusion) .
• Kugorwa no kugenda cyangwa kuvuga .

Iyo idavuwe neza , trypanosomiasis ishobora gutera indwara zo mu mutwe , koma ndetse n'urupfu .

Ni iki gitera trypanosomiasis?

Iyi ndwara iterwa n'ubwoko bubiri bw'udukoko duto cyane tw’uturemangingo twitwa protozoa .

• Trypanosoma brucei gambiense . Iyi parasite niyo itera arenga 90% by'abarwayi ba trypanosomiasis.
• Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense . Iyi parasite itera munsi ya 10% by'abarwayi.

Abantu bandura iyi ndwara bate?

Indwara ya Trypanosomiasis yandurira mu bantu iyo isazi ya tsetse yanduye irumwe . Isazi ya tsetse yandura izi ndwara mu nyamaswa zanduye (nk'inka, intama, ihene, ingurube, amafarashi n'ingamiya) cyangwa mu bandi bantu bafite iyi ndwara.

Ese Trypanosomiasis ni indwara yandura?

Trypanosomiasis ikunze guterwa no kurumwa n'isazi ya tsetse yanduye. Ariko, niba utwite, ushobora kwanduza umwana wawe indwara .

Ikindi kintu ni uko hari amahirwe make cyane ko iyi ndwara ishobora kwandurira mu guterwa amaraso . Ariko ni gake cyane. Kubera ko abakora mu by'ubuzima bafata ingamba nyinshi zo kwirinda gutanga amaraso mu buryo butekanye.

Ni nde wibasirwa cyane n'iyi ndwara?

Isazi za Tsetse ni isazi zikora umunsi ku munsi ku manywa.Ubwoko bw'isazi. Ziba mu turere turimo amashyamba cyangwa mu misozi miremire (uruvange rw'ishyamba n'ubutayu) muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba. Rero, niba umaranye igihe muri utwo turere, ushobora kurwara indwara ya trypanosomiasis.

Ni gute indwara ya Trypanosomiasis ipimwa?

Muganga ashobora gusuzuma indwara ya trypanosomiasis akoresheje amateka y'ubuzima bwawe, akabaza ibimenyetso byawe n'amateka y'urugendo rwawe ruherutse, no gukora isuzuma ry'umubiri.

Nyuma y'ibyo, muganga ashobora gutegeka ibizamini byinshi byihariye kugira ngo yemeze ko indwara yanduye.

Ni ibihe bipimo byo gusuzuma indwara?

Ibi bizamini bifasha gusuzuma trypanosomiasis:

• Ibipimo by'amaraso : Muri ibi, muganga afata urugero ruto rw'amaraso mu mutsi uri mu kuboko kwawe akoresheje urushinge ruto. Hanyuma rusuzumwa hifashishijwe mikorosikopi kugira ngo arebe niba hari udukoko.
• Isuzuma ry'amazi y'uturemangingo tw'imitsi : Muganga akoresha urushinge kugira ngo afate amazi amwe mu turemangingo tw'imitsi twabyimbye maze arebe niba nta dukoko dufite.
• Gupfuka umugongo / Gupfuka umugongo : Muri ibi, muganga ashyira urushinge hagati y'amagufwa abiri yo mu mugongo wo hasi (agace k'umugongo) maze agakuramo amazi make yo mu bwonko . Bisuzumwa ko nta dukoko dufite, umubare munini w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera, n'ibindi bimenyetso by'ubwandu.

Ese trypanosomiasis ishobora kuvurwa?

Yego, iyo igaragaye hakiri kare kandi ikavurwa neza, trypanosomiasis ishobora gukira burundu. Ubuvuzi buterwa n'ubwoko bwa protozoa yaguteye, ndetse niba ubwandu bwarakwirakwiriye mu bindi bice by'umubiri wawe, cyane cyane ubwonko.

• Niba ubwandu bwa trypanosomiasis butarakwirakwira mu bwonko bwawe cyangwa mu mazi yo mu bwonko , muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira imiti nk'iyi:
• Ufite Suramin, agakoko kitwa Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense.
• Niba ufite `(Trypanosoma brucei gambiense)`, fata Fexinidazole cyangwa Pentamidine .
• Niba indwara ya trypanosomiasis yaragize ingaruka ku bwonko bwawe cyangwa ku mazi yo mu bwonko , muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira imiti nk'iyi:
• Ufite Melarsoprol, yitwa `(Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense)`.
• Niba ufite `(Trypanosoma brucei gambiense)`, ugomba gufata Fexinidazole , Eflornithine , Nifurtimox cyangwaMelarsoprol.

Hari igihe imiti ya corticosteroids ishobora gutangwa kugira ngo igabanye kubyimba no kubabara mu ngingo no mu mitsi.

Uyu muti ushobora kuwuhabwa nk'ikinini (hamwe n'amazi) cyangwa nk'amazi ashyirwa mu mitsi (ushyirwa mu mitsi). Icy'ingenzi ni ugufata imiti yose wahawe na muganga, nubwo waba utangiye kumva umeze neza. Bitabaye ibyo, trypanosomiasis ishobora kugaruka, bigatuma bigoye kuvura.

Bigenda bite nyuma yo kuvurwa? Nasuzuma nte niba nkiri gukira?

Nta kizamini cya burundu gishobora kwemeza ko utaginduye trypanosomiasis. Kubwibyo, abaganga bazagukurikirana mu gihe cyimyaka ibiri nyuma yo kuvurwa kugira ngo barebe niba ibimenyetso bigarutse. Iyo wongeye kugaragaza ibimenyetso, bashobora gukora ibizamini by'amaraso n'amazi yo mu bwonko kugira ngo barebe niba hari udukoko twanduye.

Nzakira vuba gute nyuma yo kuvurwa?

Muganga wawe ni we muntu mwiza wo gusubiza iki kibazo. Bitewe n'uburemere bw'ubwandu bwawe, ashobora kumenya igihe bizatwara kugira ngo urusheho kumva umeze neza nyuma yo kuvurwa.

Bigenda bite iyo ndwaye trypanosomiasis?

Iyo isanzwe igaragaye hakiri kare kandi ikavurwa neza, amahirwe yo gukira indwara ya trypanosomiasis aba menshi cyane. Abantu benshi bakira iyo bahawe ubuvuzi mu byumweru bibiri cyangwa bitatu nyuma yo kwandura.

Ariko, iyo idavuwe neza, abantu benshi bapfa bazize trypanosomiasis. Ubuvuzi burashoboka nubwo iyo ndwara yanduje ubwonko n'amazi yo mu bwonko. Ariko, amahirwe yo kurokora ubuzima ni make.

Ni ayahe mahirwe yo kurokoka indwara yo gusinzira?

Iyo ubuvuzi buvuwe neza, abantu barenga 95% barwaye trypanosomiasis bararokoka.

Ni iki kizere cy’uko trypanosomiasis izamera?

Mu myaka 20 ishize, ingamba zo kugabanya umubare w’abandura indwara ya trypanosomiasis zagenze neza cyane. Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) ryihaye intego yo gukuraho ikibazo cya trypanosomiasis nk’ikibazo cy’ubuzima rusange bitarenze umwaka wa 2030. Bizeye kugera kuri iyi ntego binyuze muri:

• Tanga inkunga y'inyongera yo gukora ubushakashatsi.
• Guteza imbere uburyo bwiza bwo gupima.
• Gutanga ubuvuzi vuba.
• Kugabanya imikoranire hagati y'isazi za tsetse n'abantu.

Ese Trypanosomiasis ishobora kwirindwa?

Yego, ushobora gukora ibi bintu kugira ngo wirinde kurumwa n'isazi ya tsetse (cyane cyane niba ugiye mu turere iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara):

• Gerageza kutajya mu turere twanduye.
• Ambara imyenda miremire , ipantaro ndende, n'amaboko maremare, kuko isazi za tsetse zishobora kuruma no mu myenda mito.
• Ambara imyenda y'amabara adafite aho ahuriye n'uruhu. Isazi za Tsetse zikurura amabara yijimye kandi arabagirana. Hitamo imyenda y'amabara nk'umweru, imvi, amavuta meza, umukara, cyangwa beige.
• Irinde kwibera hafi y'ibihuru n'ibihuru ku manywa. Nubwo isazi za tsetse ziba zikora ku manywa, rimwe na rimwe zishaka igicucu hagati y'ibihuru mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'umunsi.
• Shyiramo ecran ku madirishya no ku nzugi.
• Guma mu nzu mu gihe isazi za tsetse ziba zikunze gukora cyane.
• Shyira imiti cyangwa imiti ku myenda, amahema, n'ibipfundikizo byirukana isazi za tsetse.
• Rara mu ihema rifite umuyoboro muto, cyangwa ukoreshe umuyoboro urinda impanuka igihe uryamye. Menya neza ko ufunze neza ihema ryawe.
• Mbere yo kwinjira mu modoka cyangwa mu makamyo, banza urebe niba nta nsazi za tsetse zirimo. Zikururwa n'ingendo n'umukungugu w'imodoka.

Ese hari urukingo rwa Trypanosomiasis?

Oya, nta rukingo cyangwa undi muti ushobora gukumira trypanosomiasis uhari ubu.

Nitwara nte iyo mrwaye trypanosomiasis?

Niba utangiye kumva urwaye nyuma yo kujya mu gace kakunze kugaragaramo indwara ya trypanosomiasis, ni ngombwa guhita ubonana na muganga . Nubwo waba utibuka ko warumwe n'isazi ya tsetse, bwira muganga wawe niba warigeze kuba mu gace kari mu kaga. Kurikiza gahunda yabo neza kugira ngo ukire neza.

Nanone, kuruhuka bihagije no kunywa ibinyobwa byinshi bizagufasha gukira vuba.

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?

Niba waramaze igihe mu bice bishobora gutuma urumwa n'isazi ya tsetse kandi ukagaragaza ibimenyetso bya trypanosomiasis, jya kwa muganga byihutirwa.

Nyuma yo kuvurwa, uzakenera kujya kwa muganga wawe kugira ngo agusuzumishe buri gihe - ubusanzwe buri mezi atandatu mu gihe cy'imyaka ibiri. Niba wongeye kugira ibimenyetso by'ubwandu, muganga wawe azagufata ingero z'amaraso n'amazi yo mu bwonko.

Ni ryari nkwiye kujya mu ishami rishinzwe ubuvuzi bwihutirwa (ETU) ?

Niba ufite ibi bimenyetso bikomeye, jya mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze (ER), cyangwa uhamagare 911 (cyangwa inomero y’ubutabazi bw’ibanze yo mu gace utuyemo):

• Umuriro urenze dogere selisiyusi 40 (dogere selisiyusi 40).
• Urujijo cyangwa kujijinganya.
• Indwara zo mu mutwe .

Ni ibihe bibazo ugomba kubaza muganga?

Iyo ugiye kwa muganga wawe, ushobora kubaza ibibazo nk'ibi:

• Ni gute narwaye trypanosomiasis?
• Niba ntarwaye trypanosomiasis, ni iyihe ndwara yindi nagira?
• Indwara yanjye ikomeye gute?
• Ni ibihe bipimo ukora kugira ngo umenye indwara ya trypanosomiasis?
• Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura usaba?
• Ese hari ingaruka mbi ku miti utanga?
• Ni ryari nzatangira kumva meze neza?
• Ni iki kindi nakora kugira ngo nihutishe gukira?
• Ese nkwiye guhangayikishwa n'ibimenyetso bishya cyangwa birushaho kwiyongera?
• Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga kugira ngo akore ibindi bipimo?

Ese nshobora kurwara trypanosomiasis inshuro zirenze imwe?

Yego, ushobora kurwara trypanosomiasis inshuro zirenze imwe. Kuvura trypanosomiasis neza ntibiguha ubudahangarwa bwo kongera kuyirwara.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya Trypanosomiasis yo muri Afurika na Trypanosomiasis yo muri Amerika?

Indwara ya Trypanosomiasis yo muri Amerika ni irindi zina ry'indwara ya Chagas . Ni ubundi bwoko bw'indwara ziterwa n'udukoko twitwa Trypanosoma cruzi . Ikwirakwizwa cyane no kurumwa n'udukoko twa Triatomine twanduye (tuzwi kandi nka "udukoko dusomana").

Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo

Sawa, reka dusubiremo ibintu by'ingenzi twavuze kuri trypanosomiasis:

• Iyi ni indwara iterwa n'udukoko twa tsetse ikwirakwizwa no kurumwa n'isazi kandi iboneka mu bice bimwe na bimwe bya Afurika.
• Iyo ibonetse ikavurwa hakiri kare, ishobora gukira , cyangwa ikaba yakwica .
• Ibimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo umuriro, kubabara umubiri, kubyimba imitsi, ndetse no gusinzira cyane no kwiheba.
• Niba ugiye mu turere iyi ndwara yiganjemo, ni ngombwa cyane gufata ingamba zo kwirinda isazi .
• Niba ibimenyetso bigaragara nyuma yo kuva mu rugendo nk'urwo, shaka ubufasha bwa muganga ako kanya .

Ndizera ko aya makuru azaba ingirakamaro kuri wewe. Komeza ugire ubuzima bwiza!

Trypanosomiasis , indwara yo gusinzira muri Afurika, isazi ya tsetse, indwara ziterwa n'udukoko, indwara zo muri Afurika, gusinzira, ibimenyetso