Ese uzi indwara yo gusinzira muri Afurika - Trypanosomiasis? | Nirogi Lanka

Ese wigeze wumva indwara idakunze kugaragara kandi ikomeye iboneka mu bice bimwe na bimwe bya Afurika? Abaganga bayita Trypanosomiasis . Abantu benshi bakunze kuyita "Indwara yo gusinzira muri Afurika" kuko kimwe mu bimenyetso byayo biyiranga ni ubushake bukomeye bwo gusinzira uko indwara ikomeza. Mu by'ukuri, iyi ni indwara ikomeye iterwa n'udukoko. Muri Nirogi Lanka , turashaka kugufasha gusobanukirwa neza uburyo iyi ndwara ikora n'icyo ukwiye kumenya kuri yo.

Trypanosomiasis ni iki?

Muri make, Trypanosomiasis ni indwara ikomeye ishobora gukwirakwira mu bice bitandukanye by'umubiri wawe. Ikunze kugira ingaruka kuri ibi bikurikira:

• Uruhu rwawe
• Amaraso yawe
• Uduce twawe tw'imitsi
• Ubwonko bwawe n'amazi akikije ubwonko bwawe n'umugongo wawe , bizwi nka cerebrospinal fluid.

Iyi ndwara yandurira mu kurumwa n'ubwoko runaka bw'isazi iboneka muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba , yitwa isazi ya Tsetse.. Isazi za Tsetse ni udukoko tunini, tw’umuhondo cyangwa umukara wijimye, dukunda kurya amaraso, ubusanzwe dufite uburebure buri hagati ya santimetero 6 na 16. Afurika y’Uburasirazuba ni akarere kambukiranya umukara munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara. Ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragara hagati y’ibyumweru bike n’amezi menshi nyuma yo kwandura.

Ikirenze byose, nubwo Trypanosomiasis ari indwara ivurwa , ishobora kwica iyo itavuwe .

Iyi ndwara izwi kandi n'andi mazina menshi:

• Indwara yo gusinzira muri Afurika
• Tripanosomiasis yo muri Afurika
• Tripanosomiasis y'abantu bo muri Afurika (HAT)

Kuki yitwa "indwara yo gusinzira muri Afurika"?

Hari impamvu ebyiri z'ingenzi zituma habaho iri zina. Iya mbere, udukoko twanduzwa n'isazi ya Tsetse ikomoka muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba. Iya kabiri, ikimenyetso cy'iyi ndwara ni uburyo igira ingaruka ku mikorere yawe yo gusinzira , akenshi bigatera gusinzira cyane ku manywa.

Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara mu rugero rungana iki?

Mu mateka, Trypanosomiasis yari isanzwe igaragara. Nk’uko bivugwa n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS), abantu bagera ku 30.000 banduye iyi ndwara bagaragaye mu mpera z’imyaka ya 1990 no mu ntangiriro z’imyaka ya 2000. Ariko, bitewe n’ingamba zikomeye zo kuyirwanya zashyizweho mu myaka makumyabiri ishize, umubare w’abanduye waragabanutse cyane . Mu 2020, ku isi hose hari abantu batarenze 700 banduye iyi ndwara.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya Trypanosomiasis?

Ibimenyetso bigenda bikura buhoro buhoro. Nubwo iyi ndwara idakomoka mu karere kacu, ni ngombwa kumenya ibimenyetso bikurikira:

• Ikibyimba cyabyimbye, gihinduye ibara (umutuku, umuhengeri, cyangwa umukara) aho isazi yarumwe, gishobora kubabaza.
• Umuriro usubira .
• Ubukonje .
• Kubabara umutwe .
• Kubabara imitsi .
• Kubabara ingingo .
• Uduheri ku ruhu .
• Anemia (umubare muto w'uturemangingo dutukura mu maraso).
• Kubyimba mu maso no mu mitsi .
• Gusinzira no kugorwa no kuguma uri maso.
• Kutamenya cyangwa kugorwa no kwibanda ku kintu.
• Kugorwa no kugenda cyangwa kuvuga .

Iyo hatabayeho ubuvuzi bukwiye , Trypanosomiasis ishobora gutera indwara zo gucika intege, koma ndetse n'urupfu .

Ni iki gitera indwara ya Trypanosomiasis?

Iyi ndwara iterwa n'ubwoko bubiri bwa protozoa ifite uturemangingo duto cyane, ifite akaremangingo kamwe :

• Trypanosoma brucei gambiense : Itera arenga 90% by'abanduye.
• Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense : Itera munsi ya 10% by'abanduye.

Iyi ndwara yandurira mu bantu ite?

Abantu bandura indwara ya Trypanosomiasis binyuze mu kurumwa n'isazi ya Tsetse yanduye . Izi sazi ziva mu nyamaswa zanduye (nk'inka, intama, ihene, ingurube, amafarashi, cyangwa ingamiya) cyangwa ku bandi bantu banduye.

Ese Trypanosomiasis yandura?

Yandurira cyane cyane mu kurumwa n'isazi. Ariko, niba utwite, ubwandu bushobora kwandurira umwana wawe .

Byongeye kandi, nubwo ari gake cyane, kwandura bishobora kubaho binyuze mu guterwa amaraso . Menya ko abakora mu by'ubuzima bakurikiza amabwiriza akomeye y'umutekano kugira ngo barebe ko amaraso yose atangwa asuzumwe kandi afite umutekano.

Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kwandura iyi ndwara?

Isazi za Tsetse zikunda kurara umunsi ku wundi , bivuze ko zikora cyane ku manywa. Ziba cyane cyane mu turere turimo amashyamba n'ibibaya (ahantu hahurira amashyamba n'ibyatsi) muri Afurika yo mu gice cy'uburasirazuba. Iyo umaze igihe muri utwo turere, ibyago byo kwandura Trypanosomiasis biriyongera cyane.

Ni gute indwara ya Trypanosomiasis ipimwa?

Muganga wawe ashobora gusuzuma indwara ya Trypanosomiasis asuzuma amateka y'ubuzima bwawe, akaganira ku bimenyetso byawe n'amateka y'urugendo rwawe ruherutse, no gukora isuzuma ryimbitse ry'umubiri.

Nyuma y'ibi, muganga wawe ashobora gutegeka ibizamini byihariye byo gusuzuma indwara kugira ngo yemeze ubwandu.

Ni ibihe bipimo byo gusuzuma indwara bikoreshwa?

Ibi bizamini bifasha mu gupima Trypanosomiasis:

• Gupima amaraso: Umuganga azakoresha urushinge ruto kugira ngo afate amaraso make mu mutsi uri mu kuboko kwawe. Hanyuma uru rugero rusuzumwa hifashishijwe mikorosikopi kugira ngo harebwe niba hari udukoko.
• Isuzuma ry'amazi y'uturemangingo tw'imitsi: Muganga ashobora gukoresha urushinge kugira ngo akure amazi mu turemangingo tw'imitsi twabyimbye kugira ngo arebe niba hari udukoko twanduye.
• Gupfumura umugongo (Lumbar puncture): Muri ubu buryo, muganga ashyira urushinge hagati y'amagufwa yo mu mugongo wo hasi kugira ngo afate amazi yo mu bwonko . Basesengura aya mazi kugira ngo barebe niba hari udukoko cyangwa ibimenyetso by'ububyimba, urugero nk'umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso tw'umweru twinshi.

Ese Trypanosomiasis iravurwa?

Yego, iyo ubonye indwara hakiri kare kandi ikavurwa neza, Trypanosomiasis irakira neza. Gahunda yo kuyivura iterwa n'ubwoko bwa Protozoa bwateye iyi ndwara ndetse n'uko iyo ndwara yakwirakwiriye mu bindi bice by'umubiri wawe, cyane cyane ubwonko bwawe.

• Niba ubwandu butarakwirakwira mu bwonko bwawe cyangwa mu mazi yo mu bwonko , muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira ibi bikurikira:
• Niba ufite (Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense) : Suramin .
• Niba ufite (Trypanosoma brucei gambiense) : Fexinidazole cyangwa Pentamidine .
• Niba ubwandu bwageze mu bwonko bwawe cyangwa mu mazi yo mu bwonko , muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira ibi bikurikira:
• Niba ufite (Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense) : Melarsoprol .
• Niba ufite (Trypanosoma brucei gambiense) : Fexinidazole , Eflornithine , Nifurtimox , cyangwa Melarsoprol .

Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, imiti ya corticosteroids ishobora gutangwa kugira ngo igabanye ububabare mu ngingo, kubyimba no kubabara imitsi.

Iyi miti ishobora gutangwa nk'ibinini binyobwa cyangwa ikanashyirwa mu mitsi. Ni ngombwa ko urangiza imiti yose wahawe na muganga wawe, nubwo waba utangiye kumva umeze neza. Kutabikora bishobora gutuma wongera kurwara, bigatuma ubuvuzi bwo mu gihe kizaza burushaho kugorana.

Ni iki kigenda nyuma yo kuvurwa? Ni gute twakurikirana gukira?

Nta kizamini na kimwe kigaragaza neza ko agakoko kavuye mu mubiri wawe. Kubwibyo, muganga wawe azagukurikirana mu gihe cyimyaka ibiri nyuma yo kuvurwa kugira ngo arebe niba ibimenyetso byagarutse. Niba ibimenyetso bigarutse, azongera gupima amaraso n'amazi yo mu bwonko kugira ngo arebe niba agakoko karimo.

Nzakira vuba gute nyuma yo kuvurwa?

Itsinda ryawe ry’ubuvuzi ni ryo soko ryiza ryo gutanga aya makuru. Hashingiwe ku buremere bw’ubwandu bwawe, bashobora gutanga igihe giteganijwe cyo gukira kwawe.

Bigenda bite iyo ndwaye Trypanosomiasis?

Iyo ubonye indwara hakiri kare kandi ukayivura neza, icyizere cyawe cyo gukira kiba cyiza cyane. Abarwayi benshi bahabwa ubuvuzi mu byumweru bibiri cyangwa bitatu nyuma yo kwandura bakira neza.

Ariko, iyo itavuwe, Trypanosomiasis ishobora kwica. Nubwo kuvurwa bigishoboka nyuma yuko agakoko kageze mu bwonko no mu mazi yo mu bwonko, birarushaho kugorana kandi ubwitegure bwo kubaho buragabanuka.

Ni ikihe gipimo cyo kubaho ku ndwara yo gusinzira?

Iyo bavuwe vuba kandi neza, abantu barenga 95% barwaye Trypanosomiasis bararokoka.

Ni iki giteganyijwe kuri Trypanosomiasis?

Ibikorwa byo kugabanya umubare w’abandura Trypanosomiasis mu myaka 20 ishize byagize ingaruka nziza cyane. Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) ryihaye intego yo kurandura Trypanosomiasis nk’ikibazo cy’ubuzima rusange bitarenze umwaka wa 2030. Bagamije kubigeraho binyuze mu ngamba nyinshi z’ingenzi:

• Kongera inkunga yo gukora ubushakashatsi.
• Guteza imbere uburyo bwiza bwo gupima indwara.
• Gutanga ubuvuzi bwihuse kandi bunoze.
• Kugabanya imikoranire hagati y'isazi za Tsetse n'abantu.

Ese Trypanosomiasis ishobora kwirindwa?

Yego. Niba ugiye mu turere iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragaramo, ushobora kwirinda kurumwa n'isazi ya Tsetse ukurikije izi nama zatanzwe na Nirogi Lanka:

• Irinde kujya mu turere dushobora kwibasirwa n'impanuka.
• Ambara imyenda iremereye kandi irinda indwara, nk'ipantaro ndende n'amashati y'amaboko maremare, kuko isazi za Tsetse zishobora kuruma mu mwenda muto.
• Hitamo imyenda y'amabara adafite aho ahuriye n'andi. Isazi za Tsetse zikurura amabara meza kandi yijimye. Hitamo amabara y'umweru, imvi, amavuta meza cyangwa beige.
• Irinde kuruhuka hafi y'ibihuru cyangwa ibihuru ku manywa. Nubwo isazi za Tsetse ziba zikora ku manywa, zikunze gushaka igicucu muri utwo duce mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'umunsi.
• Shyiramo ecran ku madirishya no ku nzugi.
• Guma mu nzu mu masaha menshi y'ibikorwa by'inyoni zo mu bwoko bwa Tsetse.
• Shyira imiti yemewe yo kwirukana udukoko cyangwa imiti ikoreshwa mu myenda yawe, mu mahema yawe no mu nshundura zawe.
• Kuryama mu ihema rifite imiyoboro myiza cyangwa munsi y'umuyoboro urinda. Menya neza ko ihema ryawe rifunze neza igihe cyose.
• Reba ibinyabiziga(imodoka cyangwa amakamyo) ku nsazi za Tsetse mbere yo kwinjira, kuko zikururwa n'ingendo n'umukungugu.

Ese hari urukingo rwa Trypanosomiasis?

Oya, nta rukingo cyangwa imiti yo kwirinda indwara ya Trypanosomiasis ihari ubu.

Nkwiye kwiyitaho nte mu gihe mfite indwara ya Trypanosomiasis?

Niba wumva umeze nabi nyuma yo kuva mu gace kagaragaramo indwara ya Trypanosomiasis, ni ngombwa guhita ubonana na muganga . Nubwo waba utibuka ko warumwe, menyesha muganga wawe amateka y'urugendo rwawe. Kugira ngo ukire neza, kurikiza gahunda yawe yo kuvura.

Byongeye kandi, kuruhuka neza no kugumana amazi menshi mu mubiri wawe bizagufasha gukira.

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?

Niba waramaze igihe mu turere dufite ibyago byo kurumwa n'insazi za Tsetse kandi ukaba waragaragaje ibimenyetso bya Trypanosomiasis, shaka ubufasha bwa muganga vuba.

Nyuma yo kuvurwa, ugomba kujya kwisuzumisha buri gihe —ubusanzwe buri mezi atandatu mu gihe cy'imyaka ibiri nibura. Niba hari ibimenyetso by'ubwandu bukomeje, muganga wawe ashobora kugukorera ibizamini ku maraso n'amazi yo mu bwonko.

Ni ryari nkwiye kujya mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze (ER)?

Niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso bikomeye bikurikira, jya mu ishami rishinzwe ubutabazi bwihuse riri hafi yawe, cyangwa uhamagare 911 (cyangwa inomero y'ishami rishinzwe ubutabazi bwihuse ryo mu gace utuyemo):

• Umuriro urenze 40°C (103°F).
• Urujijo cyangwa kujijinganya.
• Indwara zo mu mutwe.

Ibibazo byo kubaza muganga wawe

Iyo usuye ikigo cy’ubuvuzi, ushobora kubaza ibibazo bikurikira:

• Ni gute nanduye Trypanosomiasis neza?
• Niba iyi atari Trypanosomiasis, ni izihe ndwara zindi zishobora gusobanura ibimenyetso byanjye?
• Indwara yanjye ikomeye gute?
• Ni ibihe bipimo uzakora kugira ngo umenye indwara ya Trypanosomiasis?
• Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura usaba?
• Ese hari ingaruka mbi zijyanye n'ubuvuzi bwatanzwe?
• Ni ryari nkwiye kwitega ko nzatangira kumva meze neza?
• Ni iki kindi nakora kugira ngo nihutishe gukira?
• Ese nkwiye kwitondera ibimenyetso bishya cyangwa birushaho kuba bibi?
• Ni ryari nkwiye kugaruka kwipimisha nyuma?

Ese ushobora kwandura Trypanosomiasis inshuro zirenze imwe?

Yego, ushobora kwandura Trypanosomiasis inshuro zirenze imwe. Gukira neza indwara wanduye mbere ntibiguha ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, bivuze ko ukomeza kwandura indwara.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya Trypanosomiasis yo muri Afurika na Trypanosomiasis yo muri Amerika?

Indwara ya Trypanosomiasis yo muri Amerika izwi cyane nka Chagas disease . Iyi ni indwara yihariye iterwa n'udukoko twa Trypanosoma cruzi . Yandurira cyane cyane ku bantu binyuze mu gukora ku mwanda w'udukoko twanduye twa Triatomine , akenshi twitwa "udukoko dusomana."

Ingingo z'ingenzi (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Reka turebe muri make ingingo z'ingenzi cyane kuri Trypanosomiasis ku buzima bwawe:

• Ni indwara iterwa n'udukoko twa Tsetse , iboneka mu turere twihariye twa Afurika.
• Nubwo ishobora kuvurwa iyo ifashwe hakiri kare , ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga iyo idakemuwe.
• Ibimenyetso bya mbere bishobora kuba birimo umuriro, kubabara imitsi, no kubyimba imitsi, bishobora gutuma umuntu asinzira cyane ku manywa no mu rujijo.
• Niba ugiye mu turere twanduye, gufata ingamba zo kwirinda kurumwa n'isazi ni ngombwa .
• Niba ugaragaje ibimenyetso nyuma yo gusura utwo duce, shaka ubufasha bwa muganga ako kanya .

Turizera ko aya makuru agufasha kugira amakuru. Komeza ugire umutekano kandi ugire ubuzima bwiza hamwe na Nirogi Lanka!

Tags: Trypanosomiasis, Indwara yo gusinzira muri Afurika, isazi ya Tsetse, indwara yandurira mu bidukikije, ubuzima bw'ingendo, ibimenyetso