Diyabete ni indwara ikunze kuvugwaho n'abantu benshi muri iki gihe, kandi bamwe barayitinya gato. Ugomba kuba warumvise ibi bivugwa cyane mu rugo, mu bavandimwe no mu nshuti. None rero uyu munsi, reka tuvuge ku bwoko bwa diyabete bukunze kugaragara cyane, 'Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2'. Niba ibi bifashwe neza, ntabwo ari ikintu cyo gutinya, banza ubyibuke.
Mu magambo make, diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 ni iki?
Reka tubisobanukirwe mu buryo bworoshye. Ibiryo turya byongera isukari (twita "Glucose") mu maraso yacu. Iyi sukari niyo iha umubiri wacu imbaraga. Ariko dukeneye umuntu wohereza iyi sukari mu turemangingo tw'umubiri wacu. Ako kazi gakorwa n'imisemburo yitwa "Insulin", ikorwa n'urugingo rwitwa pancreas. Tekereza insuline nk'urufunguzo rufungura imiryango y'uturemangingo twacu.
Kimwe mu bibazo bibiri kigaragara kuri diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2.
1. Kurwanya insuline: Hari igihe uturemangingo tw’umubiri wacu tudakira neza urwo rufunguzo (insuline). Ni nk’aho umwobo w’urugi wangiritse. Hanyuma, nubwo insuline ihari, inzugi zijya mu turemangingo ntizifunguka.
2. Kubura insuline: Uko igihe kigenda gihita, pancreas yacu ikora cyane kugira ngo ikore insuline kugira ngo itsinde ubwo burwayi. Ariko nyuma y'igihe runaka, irananirwa cyane kandi ntishobora gukora insuline ihagije.
Kubera izi mpamvu ebyiri, isukari iri mu maraso ntishobora kwinjira mu turemangingo ngo yirundanye mu maraso. Niyo mpamvu twita isukari iri hejuru mu maraso `(Hyperglycemia) .` Igipimo cy'isukari mu maraso ku muntu muzima gikunze kuba hagati ya 70-99 mg/dL. Ariko, ku muntu urwaye diyabete, iki gipimo gishobora kuba 126 mg/dL cyangwa kirenzeho.
Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'iyi ndwara? Reba niba nawe ufite ibi
Kimwe mu bintu bidasanzwe kuri diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 ni uko ibimenyetso byayo bikunze kugaragara buhoro buhoro. Bityo bamwe bashobora no kutamenya ko barwaye diyabete imyaka myinshi. Ariko ugomba kumenya ibimenyetso bikurikira.
| Ibimenyetso | Ibisobanuro byoroshye |
|---|---|
| Inyota ikunze kubaho | Isukari nyinshi mu maraso ituma impyiko zikora cyane. Ibi bituma amazi agumana kandi bigatuma wumva ushaka kunywa amazi menshi. |
| Kwihagarika cyane | Ugomba kunyara kenshi kuko unywa amazi menshi kandi impyiko zawe zigerageza gukuramo isukari nyinshi mu mubiri wawe. |
| Kumva ushonje kurusha uko bisanzwe | Kubera ko isukari itinjira mu turemangingo, umubiri ntubona ingufu ukeneye. Bityo, uhora wohereza ubutumwa mu bwonko buvuga ngo "Ndashonje." |
| Kumva unaniwe igihe cyose | Umubiri wumva udafite ubuzima kandi unaniwe kuko uturemangingo tudashobora kubona isukari itanga ingufu. |
| Gutinda gukira kw'ibikomere | Isukari nyinshi mu maraso ibangamira urujya n'uruza rw'amaraso kandi ikangiza imitsi, ibi bikaba bishobora kugabanya gukira kw'ibikomere. |
| Gucika intege cyangwa gucika intege mu maguru | Isukari nyinshi mu maraso ishobora kwangiza imitsi. Ibi tubyita "Neuropathy". |
| Kureba nabi | Impinduka mu rugero rw'isukari mu maraso zishobora kugira ingaruka ku nyubako y'ijisho, bigatera kutabona neza by'agateganyo. |
| Kugabanya ibiro nta mpamvu | Iyo uturemangingo tudashobora kubona isukari kugira ngo tubone ingufu, umubiri utangira gusenya imitsi n'ibinure kugira ngo tubone ingufu. |
Ku bagore, indwara zikunze kugaragara mu gitsina cyangwa indwara zo mu nzira y'inkari (UTI) nabyo bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cya diyabete. Niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, ni ngombwa ko ujya kwa muganga wawe vuba kugira ngo akugire inama.
Kuki turwara diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2? Ni ibihe bintu bishobora gutera iyi ndwara?
Nta mpamvu imwe rukumbi ibaho itera diyabete. Ni uruvange rw'ibintu byinshi.
Igikuru ni uko diyabete atari indwara yatewe nawe, ahubwo ni ingaruka z'imikorere y'ibinyabuzima igoye.
Impamvu nyamukuru ni "Insulin Resistance" twavuze mbere. Ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka kuri yo ni ibi bikurikira:
- Ingirabuzimafatizo: Niba umubyeyi wawe, so, cyangwa abavandimwe bawe barwaye diyabete, uba ufite ibyago byinshi byo kuyirwara. Urugero, niba umwe mu babyeyi bawe arwaye diyabete, ufite amahirwe 40% yo kuyirwara. Niba ababyeyi bombi bayirwaye, uwo mubare uriyongera ukagera kuri 70%. Ariko ibyo ntibivuze ko uzayirwara nta kabuza. Bivuze gusa ko ugomba kwitonda gato.
- Umubyibuho ukabije n'umubyibuho ukabije: Ibinure byo mu nda, cyane cyane ibinure byirundanya mu gice cy'inda no hafi y'ingingo z'imbere, ni byo bituma habaho ubudahangarwa bwa insuline.
- Kudakora imyitozo ngororamubiri: Ubudahangarwa bwa insuline nabwo buriyongera iyo imyitozo ngororamubiri igabanutse.
- Indyo idahwitse: Kurya buri gihe ibiryo byatunganyijwe cyane, birimo karubohidrati nyinshi, n'ibinure byinshi byuzuye nabyo ni ibyago.
- Imyaka: Ingaruka ziyongera nyuma y'imyaka 45.
- Izindi ndwara: Abantu bafite indwara nk'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, urugero rwa cholesterol ruri hejuru, diyabete yo mu gihe cyo gutwita, na polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) nabo bari mu kaga gakomeye.
Ni izihe ngorane zishobora kubaho iyo diyabete idahagaritswe?
Aha niho twese tugomba kwibanda cyane. Nubwo twaba tuzi ko turwaye diyabete, iyo idacunzwe neza, uko igihe kigenda gihita ishobora kwangiza ingingo z'ingenzi z'umubiri wacu.
| Umubiri wagizweho ingaruka | Ingorane zishoboka |
|---|---|
| Umutima n'imitsi y'amaraso | Indwara z'umutima, gucika imitsi, umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso. |
| Amaso | Indwara ya retinopathy, cataract, glaucoma, amaherezo n'ubuhumyi. |
| Impyiko | Impyiko zishobora kwangirika ndetse amaherezo zikanananirwa. |
| Udutsinga tw'imitsi | Kubura ibinure, gushya, ububabare mu maguru. Hari igihe ndetse n'igikomere ku maguru gishobora kutagaragara. |
| Ibirenge | Ibikomere byatewe n’umuntu utabishaka bishobora kudakira, bigatera kwandura, amaherezo bigatera gukenera gukuraho igice cy’ikirenge. |
Byongeye kandi, indwara iteje akaga ishobora kubaho mu buryo butunguranye yitwa `(Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State - HHS). Muri ibi, igipimo cy'isukari mu maraso kiba kiri hejuru cyane mu gihe cy'iminsi myinshi, umubiri ucika intege burundu, kandi ubwenge burahungabana. Iki ni ikibazo gikomeye kandi gishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga. Iyo ibimenyetso nk'ibyo bigaragaye, ugomba guhita ujyanwa mu cyumba cy'ubuvuzi bwihutirwa (ETU) cy'ibitaro.
Ni gute muganga asuzuma neza iyi ndwara?
Niba ukeka ko urwaye diyabete, muganga wawe azakora ibizamini bike byoroheje by'amaraso kugira ngo abyemeze.
- Ikizamini cya glucose yo mu maraso yo kwiyiriza ubusa: Ibi bikorwa mu gitondo nyuma y'amasaha agera ku 8 utarya cyangwa ngo unywe ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose. Niba igipimo cy'isukari mu maraso yawe kiri kuri 126 mg/dL cyangwa kirenzeho, gishobora kuba ari diyabete.
- Ikizamini cya glucose mu maraso: Ibi bishobora gukorwa igihe icyo ari cyo cyose cy'umunsi. Niba igipimo cy'isukari yawe kiri kuri 200 mg/dL cyangwa kirenze, nabyo ni ikimenyetso cya diyabete.
- Ikizamini cya A1C: Iki gipimo gipima impuzandengo y'isukari mu maraso yawe mu mezi 2-3 ashize. Niba iki gipimo ari 6.5% cyangwa hejuru, byemeza diyabete.
Ibi bizamini ni bwo buryo bwonyine bwo kumenya neza niba koko urwaye diyabete cyangwa utayirwaye.
Ni gute wakwita ku ndwara ya diyabete?
Noneho tugeze ku gice cy'ingenzi cyane. Diyabete ni indwara, nubwo idashobora gukira, ishobora kugenzurwa neza kandi ikabasha kubaho ubuzima bwiza nta ngorane . Ni nk'imikino yo mu ikipe. Wowe, umuganga wawe, inzobere mu mirire, n'umuryango wawe mugomba gukorana kugira ngo ibi bigerweho.
Hari ibintu bitatu by'ingenzi:
1. Guhindura imibereho (imirire n'imyitozo ngororamubiri)
2. Imiti (imiti)
3. Gukurikirana urugero rw'isukari mu rugo
1. Impinduka mu mibereho
Iyi ni yo shingiro ry'ubuvuzi. Biragoye kubigenzura ukoresheje imiti gusa.
- Indyo: Ntugatinye kuvuga "indyo," ibi ntibivuze kurya ibiryo bidakomeye gusa. Vugana na muganga wawe cyangwa inzobere mu mirire kugira ngo ushyiremo indyo yuzuye ikubereye. Muri rusange, ni byiza gushyiramo imboga zitarimo ibinure, ibiryo birimo fibre nyinshi, poroteyine zitarimo ibinure byinshi (amafi, inkoko), n'ibinure byiza (avoka, imbuto) mu ndyo yawe.
- Imyitozo ngororamubiri: Ndetse no gukora imyitozo yoroshye nko kugenda n'amaguru vuba mu gihe cy'iminota 30 ku munsi, iminsi 5 mu cyumweru, bishobora gukora ibitangaza mu kugenzura urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe. Iyo dukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, uturemangingo twacu tubasha kumva insuline neza.
2. Imiti (imiti)
Hari abantu bagorwa no kugenzura urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yabo ndetse no nyuma yo guhindura uburyo babayeho. Icyo gihe ni bwo muganga abaha imiti.
- Imiti ikoreshwa mu kunywa: Imiti isanzwe itangwa na muganga, nka Metformin, ikora mu kugabanya ubudahangarwa bwa insuline mu mubiri no kugenzura umusaruro w'isukari ukorwa n'umwijima.
- Inshinge za insuline: Hari abantu bagabanya cyane umusaruro wa insuline uko igihe kigenda gihita. Hanyuma bagomba gufata insuline hanze mu buryo bw'inshinge. Gutangira insuline ntibivuze ko ikibazo cyawe ari kibi. Ni uburyo bwiza cyane bwo kugenzura isukari.
3. Gukurikirana urugero rw'isukari mu rugo
Ni ingenzi cyane gupima igipimo cy'isukari mu maraso yawe mu rugo ukoresheje glukometero, nk'uko muganga agusaba. Ibi bizagufasha gusobanukirwa uburyo ibyo urya, imyitozo ngororamubiri ukora, n'imiti ufata bigira ingaruka ku gipimo cy'isukari mu maraso yawe.
Ese diyabete ishobora gukira burundu?
Iki ni ikibazo abantu benshi bibaza. Igisubizo gito ni "oya." Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 ni indwara idakira. Ibyo bivuze ko ari ikintu kiguma muri twe mu buzima bwacu bwose.
Nubwo idashobora gukira, ishobora kugerwaho mu "kuruhuka," bivuze ko nta bimenyetso bigaragara kandi ko urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe ruri mu rugero rusanzwe nta miti. Hari abantu bashobora kubikora, cyane cyane binyuze mu kugabanya ibiro no guhindura ubuzima bwabo cyane. Ariko si ibya buri wese. Nanone, iyo usubiye ku ngeso zawe za kera, urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe rushobora kongera kuzamuka.
Rero ikintu cyiza cyo gukora ni ukwiga kubaho nabyo, aho kugerageza kubivura.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 ni igihe umubiri wawe udashobora gukoresha insuline neza. Si ikintu cyo gutinya, ni ikintu gishobora gucungwa neza.
- Ibimenyetso nko kugira inyota kenshi, kwihagarika cyane, no kunanirwa bishobora kugaragara buhoro buhoro. Bityo rero, itondere umubiri wawe.
- Ubuyobozi ni umurimo w'ikipe. Wowe, umuganga wawe, n'umuryango wawe mugomba gukorana.
- Indyo nziza no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe ni ishingiro ry'ubuvuzi. Imiti ni inkunga y'inyongera.
- Uramutse ugiye kwa muganga wawe ku gihe no gupimwa amaso, impyiko n'ibirenge byawe, ushobora kwirinda ingorane zikomeye.
- Uru ni urugendo rw'ubuzima bwose, ariko iyo uyobowe neza, nta cyakubuza kubaho ubuzima bwuzuye, bufite ubuzima bwiza kandi bushimishije.
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