Ese urwaye diyabete? Cyangwa se umuntu wo mu muryango wawe cyangwa inshuti yawe arwaye iyi ndwara? Noneho ushobora kuba uzi akamaro ko kugenzura 'isukari mu maraso', ni ukuvuga urugero rw'isukari mu maraso. Ariko rimwe na rimwe, uko twagerageza kose, ishobora kurenga ihame. None se, ni iki koko kibaho iyo ibyo bibaye? Ese iki kintu gishobora gufatwa nk'ikintu cyoroshye? Reka tuvuge kuri iyi ngingo y'ingenzi cyane uyu munsi.
Uku kugabanuka kw'isukari mu maraso bivuze iki?
Mu magambo make, ibi bivuze ko urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe ruri hejuru cyane cyangwa hasi cyane, ibyo bikaba ari akaga.
Tekereza nawe, uturemangingo two mu mubiri wacu dukenera ingufu kugira ngo dukore. Ingufu nyamukuru y’izi ngufu ni isukari, ari yo sukari. Iyi glucose tuyikura mu biribwa turya, cyane cyane ibiryo birimo isukari (ibyokurya bigizwe na karubohidrati). Iyo turya, umubiri wacu ukora imisemburo yitwa insuline . Iyi insuline ikora nk'urufunguzo rufungura urugi rw'isukari yinjira mu turemangingo.
Umuntu urwaye diyabete agira ikibazo muri iyi gahunda. Ku muntu urwaye diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1, umubiri ntukora insuline ihagije. Ku muntu urwaye diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2, umubiri ukora insuline, ariko uturemangingo ntituyitabira neza. Kubera izo mpamvu zombi, isukari irakomeza kwiyongera mu maraso kandi urugero rukazamuka.
Isukari nyinshi mu maraso idagenzuwe mu gihe kirekire ishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye by'ubuzima. Iki ni ikintu gikwiye kwitabwaho n'abantu barwaye diyabete n'abatayirwaye.
Ni iyihe ngano y'isukari mu maraso ishobora guteza akaga?
Muganga wawe azakubwira neza urugero rwiza rw'isukari mu maraso kuri wewe, ariko muri rusange, reka tumenye urugero rushobora guteza akaga ku muntu urwaye diyabete.
| Imiterere | Urugero rw'isukari mu maraso (mg/dL) | Ibisobanuro |
|---|---|---|
| Isukari nyinshi mu maraso (Hyperglycemia) | Birenze 180 mg/dL (amasaha 2 nyuma yo kurya) | Uru ni urwego rugomba kwitabwaho. Uko urwego rurushaho kuba rwinshi, niko akaga karushaho kwiyongera. |
| Isukari nke mu maraso (Hypoglycemia) | Munsi ya 70 mg/dL | Uru ni urwego rugomba kwitabwaho. |
| Urwego rw'akaga gakomeye (ruri hejuru) | Hejuru ya 600 mg/dL | Iyi ni indwara ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga isaba ubuvuzi bwihutirwa. |
| Urwego rw'ibyago byinshi (rwo hasi) | Munsi ya 40 mg/dL | Ibi bishobora no gushyira ubuzima mu kaga kandi bigasaba kuvurwa vuba. |
Bimera bite iyo isukari iri hejuru mu maraso (Hyperglycemia)?
Ushobora kutabona itandukaniro rinini iyo isukari iri hejuru mu maraso yawe. Bishobora gufata iminsi cyangwa ibyumweru kugira ngo ibimenyetso bigaragare. Ibimenyetso by'ingenzi ni ibi bikurikira:
- Kumva ufite inyota kurusha uko bisanzwe
- Kureba nabi
- Gukenera kunyara kenshi
- Kumva ushonje kurusha uko bisanzwe
- Kumva unaniwe cyane
- Kugaragara kenshi kwandura indwara z'uruhu
- Ibikomere bifata igihe kugira ngo bikire.
Isukari nke mu maraso (hypoglycemia) igaragara ite?
Iyo ufashe insuline cyangwa indi miti igabanya isukari, uba ufite ibyago byo kugabanuka kw'isukari mu maraso. Impamvu nyamukuru zibitera ni nko gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, kutarya ku gihe, no kunywa inzoga. Iyi ndwara ishobora no ku bantu badafite diyabete. Ibimenyetso birimo:
- Kumva umubiri wawe urimo kunyeganyega
- Kubura umwuka , kubira ibyuya
- Guhangayika , kwiheba
- Kumva ushonje cyane
- Umunaniro ukabije
- Kumva uzungurutse , uzunguruka, cyangwa uzunguruka
- Umutima utera cyane
Mu bihe nk'ibi, kunywa ikintu kirimo isukari nkeya (ikinyobwa cy'imbuto, ikinyobwa gisekeje) cyangwa gufata ikinini cya glucose bishobora gutanga ihumure.
Ingorane zishobora kubaho iyo isukari yo mu maraso idagenzuwe igihe kirekire
Ibi si umukino mu by'ukuri. Kugira isukari nyinshi mu maraso igihe kirekire bishobora kukugiraho ingaruka kuva ku mutwe kugeza ku birenge.
- Indwara z'umutima/igitero: Kwangirika kw'imitsi y'amaraso byongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima.
- Stroke: Kwangirika kw'imitsi y'amaraso ijya mu bwonko bishobora gutera ubumuga.
- Kwangirika kw'impyiko: Uko igihe kigenda gihita, impyiko zishobora kwangirika.
- Kwangirika kw'imitsi: Ibi bishobora gutera ibinya, ububabare, no kubura ibyiyumvo mu ngingo.
- Kwangirika kw'amaso: Kubona bishobora kugorama ndetse no guhuma bishobora no kubaho.
- Ibibazo by'uruhu: Indwara z'uruhu n'ibikomere bidakira bishobora kubaho.
Ni ryari ugomba guhita ubonana na muganga?
Isukari nyinshi n'igabanuka ry'umubare w'isukari mu maraso ni ibibazo byihutirwa. Iyo idavuwe vuba, ishobora gutuma umuntu ata ubwenge (diabetic coma). Niba uzi umuntu urwaye diyabete utazi ubwenge, mujyane mu cyumba cy'ubutabazi bw'ibanze (ETU) byihutirwa ku bitaro.
Menya by'umwihariko ibibazo bibiri bikurikira byihutirwa.
| Indwara y'ibiza | Ibisobanuro n'imiterere |
|---|---|
| Ketoacidosis ya diyabete (DKA) | Iyo insuline idafite ihagije, uturemangingo ntidushobora gukoresha isukari. Hanyuma umubiri utwika ibinure kugira ngo ubone ingufu. Ibi bitanga imiti yitwa ketones . Iyi misemburo irundanya mu maraso, bigatuma amaraso agira aside kandi ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga. Ibimenyetso: Kunanirwa guhumeka, kuruka, umunaniro ukabije, guhumeka nk'imbuto, uruhu rwumye, inyota ikabije. |
| Indwara ya Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome (HHS) | Aha, igipimo cy'isukari mu maraso kizamuka kirenga 600 mg/dL . Ibi ni bibi cyane. Ibiranga:Inyota ikabije (ishobora kuzashira nyuma), umuriro, gusinzira, urujijo, intege nke ku ruhande rumwe rw'umubiri, guta ubwenge, kubona ibintu mu buryo butunguranye. |
| Ni iki ukora mu bihe nk'ibi? | |
Niba igipimo cy'isukari mu maraso yawe kiri hejuru ya 240 mg/dL, koresha agace ko gupima inkari ka ketone. Niba igipimo kiri hagati cyangwa hejuru, hamagara muganga wawe vuba. Niba ufite ibimenyetso bya DKA cyangwa HHS, jya kwa muganga wita ku bibazo byihutirwa (ETU) nta gushidikanya. | |
Ni gute ibi bintu biteje akaga byakwirindwa?
Iki si ikintu ushobora gukora wenyine. Ni ikintu wowe, umuryango wawe, na muganga wawe mugomba gukorana.
- Korana bya hafi na muganga wawe: Babaze neza intego zawe z'isukari mu maraso, icyo wakora niba ari nke cyane, n'icyo wakora niba urwaye. Kurikiza amabwiriza yabo neza.
- Suzuma urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe buri gihe: Suzuma urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe inshuro nyinshi ku munsi nk'uko muganga wawe abikubwira. Hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga rishya rihari muri iki gihe, hari n'ibikoresho bipima urugero rw'isukari mu maraso buri gihe (Continuous Glucose Monitors).
- Koresha imiti yawe neza uko byategetswe: Fata insuline cyangwa indi miti mu gihe gikwiye, mu gipimo gikwiye. Gusimbuka cyangwa gufata imiti myinshi cyane ni byo bitera ibibazo byinshi byihutirwa.
- Menya uko umubiri wawe umeze: Sobanukirwa uburyo ibintu nk'ibiryo urya, imyitozo ngororamubiri ukora, n'imihangayiko bigira ingaruka ku rugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe. Hanyuma ushobora kumenyera uko bikwiye.
- Witondere indyo yawe: Menya ibiryo byongera isukari mu maraso n'ibiryo biyigenzura (urugero: ibiryo birimo fibre nyinshi). Kurya ku gihe nabyo ni ingenzi cyane.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Isukari yo mu maraso iri hejuru cyane (hyperglycemia) ndetse n'igabanuka (hypoglycemia) ni ikibazo gikomeye.
- Isukari mu maraso idagenzuwe uko igihe kigenda gihita ishobora gutera ingorane zikomeye nk'indwara z'umutima, impyiko, gucika intege kw'imitsi, kwangirika kw'imitsi no guhuma.
- Buri gihe menya ibimenyetso by'umuburo byerekana ko isukari iri hejuru cyangwa iri hasi mu maraso (nk'inyota, gutitira, kutabona neza).
- Mu bihe byihutirwa nka DKA na HHS, ni ngombwa kujya mu bitaro byihutirwa (ETU) byihutirwa.
- Gufata neza diyabete yawe. Kurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe, pima isukari mu maraso yawe buri gihe, fata imiti yawe uko yandikiwe, kandi ugire ubuzima bwiza.
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Ishyirireho intego ya calorie hanyuma ubare itariki yo kugabanya ibiro.