Ese uzi umutsi munini w'amaraso mu mubiri wacu? Reka tubyige mu buryo bworoshye (Vena Cava).

Umubiri wacu umeze nk'imashini itangaje, si byo se? Kugira ngo iyi mashini ikomeze gukora, buri gice gikeneye kwakira ogisijeni n'intungamubiri. Uyu murimo ukorwa n'amaraso. Umutima umeze nk'ipompo y'amazi, yohereza amaraso meza kandi akungahaye kuri ogisijeni mu mubiri wose. Ariko, nyuma yo gukoreshwa mu mikorere y'umubiri, amaraso yatakaje ogisijeni agomba kugarurwa mu mutima, si byo se? Niyo mpamvu umubiri wacu ufite "inzira nini ebyiri" zidasanzwe. Uyu munsi turimo kuvuga kuri iyo mitsi ibiri y'amaraso, 'Vena Cava'.

Mu magambo make, Vena Cava ni iki?

Byoroshye cyane. Vena Cava ni yo mitsi ibiri minini mu mubiri wacu. Imitsi ni yo mitsi ijyana amaraso mu mutima. Iyi ni nk'inzira ebyiri. Amaraso yose yakuwemo umwuka, "yakoreshejwe" yakusanyijwe ava hirya no hino mu mubiri ajyanwa mu mutima binyuze muri iyo mitsi ibiri y'ingenzi.

Hariho imitsi ibiri muri iyi:

1. Vena Cava Ikomeye: Uyu ni wo mutsi wa kabiri mu bunini mu mubiri wacu. "Superior" bisobanura "hejuru." Nanone, uyu mutsi ukusanya amaraso adahumeka neza mu gice cyo hejuru cy'umubiri wacu, ni ukuvuga mu ijosi, mu mutwe, mu maboko no mu gituza cyo hejuru, ukayagarura mu mutima.

2. Vena Cava yo hasi: Uyu ni wo mutsi munini mu mubiri wacu. "Inferior" bivuga "yo hasi." Bityo, uyu mutsi ukusanya kandi ukazana amaraso adahumeka neza mu bice byo hasi by'umubiri wacu, nko mu maguru, mu gifu, mu mpyiko no mu mwijima, ukayajyana mu mutima.

Tekereza ibi nk'aho ari nk'inzira za bisi muri Sri Lanka. Ni nk'aho bisi nto (imitsi mito) zituruka muri buri mudugudu w'igihugu zijya mu mujyi munini, zigahita zihurira n'umuhanda munini (vena cava) ugana Colombo. Imitsi mito y'amaraso ituruka mu bice bitandukanye by'umubiri ihuza iyi mitsi ibiri mikuru, ikazana amaraso kuri sitasiyo nkuru yitwa "Colombo", bivuze "umutima".

Ni iyihe nshingano nyakuri y'iyi mitsi yombi?

Akamaro k'ingenzi kandi rukumbi k'iyi mitsi yombi ni ugutwara amaraso "yanduye" arimo ogisijeni na dioxyde de carbone mu mutima mu mubiri wose.

Reka turebe uko iyi gahunda ikora:

• Amaraso aturuka muri vena cava yo hejuru n'iyo hasi ahurira n'atriyumu y'iburyo y'umutima.
• Hanyuma ayo maraso ajya mu muvuduko w'iburyo w'umutima.
• Aya maraso ava muri ventilateur y'iburyo ajya mu bihaha anyuze mu mitsi y'ibihaha .
• Ubumaji nyakuri buba mu bihaha. Bikuramo dioxyde de carbone mu maraso bikayongerera ogisijeni kugira ngo duhumeke. Ni nko "gusukura" amaraso.
• Amaraso "asukuye" ubu, yuzuye ogisijeni, asubira mu gice cy'ibumoso cy'umutima.
• Kuva aho ijya mu muyoboro w'ibumoso , hanyuma ikava aho ijya mu mubiri wose inyuze mu muyoboro w'amaraso .

Uru rugendo rurakomeje. Urabona rero ko uru rugendo rutari kuba rwuzuye hatabayeho iyi mitsi ibiri, sibyo? Ni ingenzi cyane.

Vena Cava iherereye he? Imeze ite?

Iyi mitsi yombi iherereye iburyo bw'umutima. Superior Vena Cava iherereye iburyo bw'ikibuno, igufwa rinini riri hagati mu gituza cyacu. Ihuza neza n'atriyumu y'iburyo y'umutima.

Vena cava yo hasi ni ndende gato. Itangira aho imitsi ibiri minini yo mu nda yacu ihurira. Kuva aho, izamuka igahuzwa n'atriyumu y'iburyo y'umutima.

Ku bijyanye n'ingano:

• Vena cava nziza (SVC): Ifite uburebure bwa santimetero 7 (hafi santimetero 3) n'ubugari bwa santimetero 2 (munsi ya santimetero imwe).
• Inferior vena cava (IVC): uburebure bwa milimetero 100 (hafi santimetero 4). Ubugari bwa milimetero 22 (hafi santimetero imwe).

Inkuta zazo zigizwe n'ubwoko bwihariye bw'uturemangingo, ingirangingo zihuza, imitsi, n'imitsi, ibi biziha ubushobozi bwo koroha no gukomera.

Ni ibihe bintu bishobora kugira ingaruka kuri Vena Cava?

Kimwe n'izindi ngingo zose, iyi mitsi ibiri ikomeye ishobora no kugira ibibazo. Ikibazo nyamukuru ni uko hari imbogamizi mu gutembera kw'amaraso muri iyi mitsi. Uku kuziba kw'amaraso kubuza amaraso gutembera neza mu mutima. Iyi ndwara tuyita 'Vena Cava Syndrome'. Bitewe n'imitsi iziba, iyi ishobora kuba 'Superior Vena Cava Syndrome' cyangwa 'Inferior Vena Cava Syndrome'.

Hari impamvu nyinshi z'ingenzi zishobora gutuma ibi bibaho:

• Ikibyimba: Ikibyimba, nka kanseri y'ibihaha, gishobora gukura no gushyira igitutu kuri uyu mutsi.
• Uduce tw'amaraso: Uduce tw'amaraso dushobora kwirema mu mitsi tukayifunga. Hari igihe catheter cyangwa pacemakers zishyirwa nyuma yo kubagwa zishobora kongera ibyago byo kubyimba kw'amaraso.
• Ubusembwa bw'impinja: Hari abantu bashobora kuvukana inenge muri iyi mitsi.

Ibimenyetso bigaragara muri iki kibazo biratandukanye bitewe n'umutsi uri mu kibazo.

Ni gute ugenzura ubuzima bw'iyi mitsi?

Niba ufite ibi bimenyetso, muganga wawe azabanza kugusuzuma hanyuma agashobora gukora ibizamini byinshi kugira ngo yemeze impamvu nyayo y’ikibazo.

• X-ray yo mu gituza: Gusuzuma igituza hakoreshejwe X-ray.
• Gupima imiterere y'umubiri hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya Ultrasound: Gufata amashusho y'imbere mu mubiri hakoreshejwe amajwi.
• Isuzuma rya CT (Computed Tomography): Isuzuma rikoresha amashusho yihariye ya mudasobwa kugira ngo rigaragaze umubiri wose.
• Isuzuma rya MRI (Ishusho ya Magnetic Resonance):Kubona amashusho asobanutse neza y'umubiri hakoreshejwe imbaraga za rukuruzi.
• Angiografiya y'umutima: Ikizamini gikoresha imirasire ya X kugira ngo harebwe uko amaraso atembera binyuze mu gutera irangi ryihariye mu mitsi.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura ibibazo nk'ibyo?

Uburyo bwo kuvura buterwa n'icyateye ikibazo. Muganga wawe azaguhitiramo uburyo bukwiye bwo kuvura.

• Imiti: Imiti igabanya ububabare bw'amaraso cyangwa steroid ishobora gutangwa kugira ngo igabanye kubyimba. Iyo amaraso apfunditse, imiti ishobora gutangwa kugira ngo ivange amaraso (thrombolytics) cyangwa kugira ngo ihagarike izindi ndwara zo kuvura amaraso (anticoagulants).
• Gukuraho amaraso apfundikiye: Hari igihe umuyoboro muto (catheter) ushobora kunyuzwa mu mitsi kugira ngo ukureho amaraso apfunditse.
• Angioplasty na Stent: Gushyiramo umwuka ahantu hafunze ukoresheje igikoresho gisa n'igipupe hanyuma ugashyiramo umuyoboro muto umeze nk'umuyoboro (stent) kugira ngo wirinde ko yongera gucika.
• Kubagwa: Iyo ikibyimba gitera kuziba, kubagwa bishobora gukorwa kugira ngo ikibyimba gikureho. Hari igihe, kubagwa hakoreshejwe inzira y'amaraso bishobora gukorwa kugira ngo habeho inzira nshya yo gutemberamo.
• Kuvura kanseri: Niba kanseri ari yo itera, imiti cyangwa imirasire bishobora kuba ngombwa.
• Akayunguruzo ka Vena Cava: Niba ufite amaraso apfunditse mu mitsi yo mu birenge byawe (Deep Vein Thrombosis - DVT) kandi ukaba ufite ibyago byo kurwara indwara yo mu bihaha, muganga wawe ashobora gushyira akayunguruzo gato muri vena cava iri munsi yayo. Ibi bibuza amaraso kuzamuka mu kaguru.

Ni iki twakora kugira ngo iyi mitsi y'ingenzi ikomeze kugira ubuzima bwiza?

Ni ngombwa cyane kugira ngo imitsi yose y'amaraso mu mubiri wacu ikomeze kubaho neza, atari imitsi ibiri ya vena cava gusa. Hari ibintu bike byoroshye twakora kugira ngo bidufashe.

• Indyo nziza: Ni ingenzi cyane kurya indyo irimo ibinure bike byuzuye n'imbuto n'imboga nyinshi.
• Imyitozo ngororamubiri: Komeza gukora siporo buri munsi. Ndetse n'ikintu cyoroshye nko kugenda cyangwa kwiruka bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye.
• Gabanya stress: Stress si nziza ku mitsi yawe y'amaraso. Gerageza kuruhuka mu mutwe wawe ukoresheje ibintu nka yoga no gutekereza cyane.
• Kugenzura izindi ndwara: Niba ufite indwara nk'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, cholesterol, cyangwa diyabete, zigenzure neza ukurikije amabwiriza ya muganga. Izi ndwara zishobora kwangiza imiyoboro y'amaraso.

Niba ufite kimwe mu bimenyetso bivugwa muri iyi nkuru, ntukirengagize. Shaka muganga wawe vuba kugira ngo akugire inama. Gukurikiza uburyo yagufashe ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo ukire vuba.