Reka twige byinshi ku bijyanye n'ubwandu bwa virusi. Ntutinye, reka tuganire!

Ese muri iyi minsi uhora uhangayikishwa n'ibicurane n'inkorora? Cyangwa ufite ububabare mu nda, umubiri, n'umuriro? Ibyinshi muri ibi biterwa n'ikintu cyitwa ubwandu bwa virusi. Rero, uyu munsi turaganira ku ndwara ya virusi icyo ari cyo, impamvu tuyirwara, n'uko twayirinda. Nta mpamvu yo gutinya, reka dusobanukirwe byose mu buryo bworoshye.

Ubwandu bwa virusi ni iki? Reka tubisobanukirwe mu buryo bworoshye!

Tekereza nawe, virusi ni utuntu duto cyane tudashobora kubona n'amaso yacu. Dushobora kuzibona gusa iyo turebye muri mikorosikopi. Iyo izi virusi zinjiye mu mibiri yacu, zifata uturemangingo twacu maze zigatangira gukora kopi zazo, ni ukuvuga virusi nyinshi, muri utwo turemangingo. Ni nk'umuntu winjira mu nzu yacu yihishe agakoresha ibintu byacu mu kazi ke. Rero, iyo virusi zakwirakwiriye mu mibiri yacu, turwara virusi .

Ubwoko bw'iyi virusi buratangaje. Ntibishobora kubaho byonyine cyangwa ngo byororoke. Bikeneye rwose ingirabuzimafatizo nzima kugira ngo bikore ibyo. Ni uku gutya: Virusi imeze nk'agapfunyika gato, imbere muri yo harimo amakuru make y'uturemangingo twayo (yaba `DNA` cyangwa `RNA`), gatwikiriwe n'agapfunyika karinda (`capsid`). Iyi bahasha irimo amabwiriza y'uburyo bwo gukora virusi nyinshi. Ariko, ingirabuzimafatizo zacu zimeze nk'uruganda rwuzuye. Ifite amabwiriza yose n'imashini zo gushyira mu bikorwa ayo mabwiriza. Ingirabuzimafatizo zacu zishobora gukora poroteyine, zigakora ingirabuzimafatizo nyinshi. Icyo virusi zigira rero ni uko zinjira mu ngirabuzimafatizo zacu zigakoresha ubu "mashini" mu ngirabuzimafatizo zacu kugira ngo zikore kopi zazo. Uku ni ko virusi zikwirakwira mu mibiri yacu, kandi turwara imwe nyuma y'indi.

Ese iyi ni virusi? Ese ni bagiteri? Wabimenya ute neza?

Icyo ni ikibazo duhora tubona. Ibimenyetso nk'umuriro, inkorora, kubabara umubiri, rimwe na rimwe uduheri two ku ruhu dushobora guterwa n'indwara za virusi na bagiteri. Kubwibyo, umuganga niwe wenyine ushobora kumenya neza niba ufite virusi cyangwa bagiteri. Niba ufite ibimenyetso mu gihe kirenze iminsi mike, cyangwa niba wumva umeze nabi cyane, menya neza ko ushaka inama kwa muganga. Bazagusuzuma kandi, nibiba ngombwa, bakore ibizamini kugira ngo bamenye ikibazo.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'indwara za virusi zihari?

Ubwandu bwa virusi bushobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bitandukanye. Hari igihe bushyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe igice cy'umubiri virusi ifata, uko ikwirakwira, n'ibimenyetso byayo. Ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa virusi, nka virusi za herpes na virusi za adenovirusi, bushobora gutera indwara zitandukanye. Reka turebe bumwe mu bwoko bw'ingenzi bwa virusi:

Indwara zo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero

Izi ni zo zikunze kugaragara muri twe. Zifata ahantu nko mu mazuru, mu muhogo, mu myanya y'ubuhumekero, no mu bihaha. Virusi nyinshi zo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero zitera bronchitis (kubyimba kw'imiyoboro y'ubuhumekero) , sinusitis (sinusitis),(sinusitis), indwara zo mu matwi, cyangwa indwara zikomeye cyane nka pneumonia zishobora kubaho. Dore ingero nke:

• Ibicurane bisanzwe (ubusanzwe biterwa na virusi yitwa Rhinovirus)
• Grippe (ibicurane)
• Covid-19 (COVID-19)
• Virusi itera ubuhumekero idakira (RSV)
• Virusi ya Metapneumovirusi y'abantu (hMPV)
• Ibicurane bitera parainfluenza

Indwara za virusi mu buryo bw'igogora ryawe

Ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku ngingo nk'amara yacu n'umwijima.

• Virusi nka Norovirus, Rotavirus, na Astrovirus zishobora gutera indwara yitwa gastroenteritis , irangwa no kubabara mu nda, kuruka no gucibwamo. Hari n'abantu bayita "ibicurane byo mu gifu."
• Virusi za Hepatite zitera indwara y'umwijima. Izi ndwara rimwe na rimwe zishobora kumara igihe kirekire (igihe kirekire).

Indwara yo kuva amaraso mu buryo bwa virusi

Ibi ni bibi gato. Izi virusi zishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y'amaraso, zigatuma imiyoboro y'amaraso igabanuka, kandi zigatera kuva amaraso mu kaga.

• Ebola
• Hantavirusi indwara y'ibihaha
• Dengue ikabije
• Umuriro w'umuhondo

Indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina (STIs)

Ibi ahanini byandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye.

• Virusi itera SIDA (HIV)
• Virusi ya Papilloma y'Umuntu (HPV) / Ibibyimba mu gitsina
• Herpes zo mu gitsina (HSV)
• Hepatite B

Indwara za virusi zituruka hanze y'umubiri

Izi virusi zishobora gutera uduheri ku ruhu, ibibyimba, cyangwa amabara y'amaraso munsi y'uruhu. Zishobora kandi gutera ibimenyetso by'ubuhumekero.

• Indwara y'inkoko
• Indwara y'iseru
• Rubella (Rubella - iseru y'Abadage)
• Roseola
• Indwara ya gatanu
• Mpox

Indwara z'imitsi

Hari virusi zitera uturemangingo tw’imitsi (ni ukuvuga ubwonko n’umugongo). Ibi bishobora gutera indwara zishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga nko gucika intege, kubyimba ubwonko cyangwa gupfuka ubwonko ( encephalitis cyangwa meningitis ).

• Virusi ya Nile y'Iburengerazuba
• Polio
• Ibisazi by'indwara y'ibisazi

Ubwandu bwa virusi bw'ivuka

Izi ni indwara zivukanwa. Zishobora kwanduzwa umubyeyi utwite ku mwana we haba mu nda cyangwa mu gihe cyo kuvuka. Bitewe n'ubwoko bwa virusi, ibi bishobora gutera ibibazo bitandukanye by'ubuzima, nko kutabona neza cyangwa kutumva neza, gutinda mu mikurire, n'ibibazo by'imitsi.

• Virusi ya Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
• Rubela
• Virusi ya Zika

Ni nde wibasirwa cyane n'ubwandu bwa virusi?

Twese twandura virusi mu gihe runaka mu buzima bwacu. Ariko, hari abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara zikomeye. Muri zo harimo:

• Abana bari munsi y'imyaka 5 n'abantu barengeje imyaka 65.
• Abantu barwaye indwara z'ibihaha z'igihe kirekire nka Diyabete Mellitus, Asima, na COPD (Indwara y'ibihaha idakira).
• Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budakomeye (urugero, abantu banduye agakoko gatera SIDA, abarwayi ba kanseri, abantu bafata imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri).
• Ababyeyi batwite.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ubwandu bwa virusi?

Ibimenyetso by'ubwandu bwa virusi biterwa n'aho wanduriye. Ariko, hari ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe ushobora kubona:

• Ibimenyetso bisa n'ibicurane: umuriro, kuribwa umutwe, kubabara umubiri, umunaniro.
• Ibimenyetso byo mu myanya yo hejuru y'ubuhumekero: kuribwa mu muhogo, inkorora, kwitsamura.
• Ibimenyetso by'igogora: isesemi, kuruka, impiswi.
• Ibibazo by'uruhu: uduheri, ibikomere, uduheri, ibiheri.

Wibuke ko hari ubwandu bwa virusi bushobora kugaragara hatabayeho ibimenyetso.

Ni iki gitera kwandura virusi?

Nubwo ubwoko bwinshi butandukanye bwa virusi bushobora gutera indwara, nke muri zo ni zo zanduza abantu. Izi virusi zishobora kwinjira mu mibiri yacu zinyuze mu mazuru, mu kanwa, mu maso, mu kibuno, mu myanya ndangagitsina, cyangwa mu ruhu. Iyo zimaze kwinjira, zinjira mu turemangingo twacu zigakoresha utwo turemangingo mu gukora kopi zatwo.

Twandura dute virusi?

Hari uburyo bwinshi bw'ingenzi ubwandu bwa virusi bwanduriramo:

• Ku bandi bantu: iyo bakoroye, bakoroye, cyangwa bahuye hafi. Tekereza, iyo umuntu yitsamuye muri bisi, bishobora kwandurira mu wundi muntu byoroshye.
• Ku buso umuntu urwaye virusi yakozeho: ameza, ibifunga by'inzugi, telefoni. Izi virusi zishobora kuboneka ku buso dukoraho kenshi.
• Kuva mu mibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye.
• Dengue iterwa no kurumwa n'inyamaswa, umubu, cyangwa inda.
• Niba uriye ibiryo byanduye cyangwa unywa amazi afite virusi.

Igikuru ni uko indwara nyinshi za virusi zandura . Ibi bivuze ko zishobora gukwirakwira ziva ku muntu umwe zijya ku wundi. Kubera ko virusi zikenera ikiremwa kizima kugira ngo kibeho, zirakomeza kubaho zikwirakwira mu bantu.

Ni gute umuntu yamenya ubwandu bwa virusi?

Muganga ashobora gusuzuma ibimenyetso byawe no kugusuzuma kugira ngo amenye niba ufite ubwandu bwa virusi. Kugira ngo amenye neza ubwoko bwa virusi, ashobora gufata agatambaro mu mazuru yawe cyangwa mu muhogo wawe, cyangwa amaraso, akakohereza kugira ngo bipimwe.

Hari igihe, iyo virusi ikekwaho kuba yarateye ububabare bukomeye mu ngingo z'imbere, nko mu bihaha cyangwa mu bwonko, muganga ashobora no gusaba ko bapima X-rays, ultrasound, MRI, cyangwa CT scans. Nubwo aya mashusho adashobora kumenya iyo virusi, ashobora gufasha gusobanukirwa ingaruka yagize ku mubiri.

Ibizamini bya virusi

Muganga wawe ashobora gufata ingero z'amazi cyangwa ingirabuzimafatizo z'umubiri wawe akabyohereza muri laboratwari kugira ngo arebe ibimenyetso by'ubwandu bwa virusi (DNA/RNA ya virusi, abasirikari b'umubiri, cyangwa antigens). Ubwo bwoko bw'ingero burimo:

• Amaraso
• Amacandwe
• Amasohoro
• Igitambaro cyo mu mazuru/mu mazuru
• Ingero zafashwe ku ruhu cyangwa ku zindi ngingo zangiritse
• Amazi akikije ubwonko n'umugongo (`amazi ya CNS`)
• Inkari
• Igitsina
• Uturemangingo tw’inkondo y’umura (Pap smear). Ikizamini cya Pap gishobora kugaragaza HPV (virusi ya papilloma y’umuntu). Nubwo HPV ishobora gutera kanseri, akenshi ntabwo itera ibimenyetso.

Indwara za virusi zivurwa zite?

Mu by’ukuri, indwara nke za virusi ni zo zifite uburyo bwihariye bwo kuvura. Ku ndwara za virusi zishobora kuguhitana cyangwa zikamara igihe kirekire, muganga ashobora kukwandikira imiti igabanya ubukana bw’indwara cyangwa imiti ikurinda kurwara nyuma yo kwandura virusi.

Ku ndwara ntoya nk'ibicurane, ushobora kwihanganira ibimenyetso uri mu rugo ugategereza kugeza igihe indwara izakira ubwayo.

Ni iyihe miti ikoreshwa mu kuvura virusi?

• Imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi: Iyi ikora mu guhagarika virusi gukora izindi virusi (kwiyongera) mu mubiri. Ikoreshwa mu kurwanya indwara zimwe na zimwe zidakira no kugabanya igihe cy'indwara zimwe na zimwe zo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero. Ariko, buri muti ugabanya ubukana bwa virusi ukora gusa ku bwoko bumwe bwa virusi. Hariho imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi ku ndwara nka grippe, COVID-19, hepatite B na C, VIH, na smallpox.
• Plasma yo mu bwoko bwa "Convalescent plasma": Hari igihe umuntu ufite ubwandu bwa virusi bushobora kumuhitana avurwa no guterwa amaraso. Ibi bikubiyemo gufata amaraso y'umuntu wigeze kugira virusi imwe hanyuma agakira, no guha umurwayi plasma binyuze mu muyoboro wa IV. Iyi plasma irimo uturemangingo tw'umubiri. Izi zigira uruhare mu kurwanya ubwandu. Indwara nka COVID-19 na Ebola rimwe na rimwe zavuwe n'ubu buryo.
• Uburyo bwo kwirinda nyuma yo guhura n'ikigeragezo:Hari uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora kukurinda kurwara nyuma yo guhura na virusi zimwe na zimwe zishobora kuguhitana. Ariko, ubu buryo bugomba gutangwa mbere yuko ugaragaza ibimenyetso. Harimo imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara ziterwa na virusi n'imiti irwanya indwara ziterwa na immunoglobulin (antibody). Ubu buryo bukoreshwa ku ndwara nka virusi itera SIDA, rabies, hepatite B, na chickenpox.

Ese imiti yica udukoko ishobora kuvura indwara ya virusi?

Dore ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane ugomba kumenya. Oya! Antibiyotike ntizakiza indwara ya virusi. Antibiyotike ni ubwoko bw'umuti wica bagiteri. Virusi ni ikiremwa cyihariye. Bityo rero, muganga azaguha antibiyotike gusa iyo atekereje ko ufite indwara ya bagiteri. Gukoresha antibiyotike bitari ngombwa si byiza ku mubiri wawe, kandi bishobora no gutuma habaho bagiteri zidashobora imiti.

Ni gute nakwitwara mu gihe mfite ibimenyetso?

Niba ufite indwara yoroshye kandi igoye yo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero cyangwa indwara yo mu gifu, ushobora kwifata mu rugo. Gukoresha imiti igurishwa ku giciro cya muganga (OTC), kunywa ibinyobwa byinshi, no kuruhuka bihagije bishobora kugufasha kumva umeze neza kugeza igihe virusi irangiye. Ariko, ni byiza kujya kwa muganga mbere yo gufata imiti iyo ari yo yose.

Ni gute wakwirinda kwandura virusi? (Kwirinda)

Bumwe mu buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda indwara za virusi ni urukingo. Muganga wawe ashobora kugufasha guhitamo inkingo zikubereye. Izi zishobora kuba zirimo:

• Indwara y'inkoko
• Covid-19 (COVID-19)
• Hepatite A
• Hepatite B
• Virusi ya papillomavirusi y'abantu (HPV)
• Grippe (ibicurane)
• Indwara z'iseru, mumps na rubella (MMR)
• Polio
• Virusi ya Rotavirus
• Ibisazi by'indwara y'ibisazi
• Indwara zo mu bwoko bwa Herpes Zoster (Shingles)

Ubundi buryo bwo kwirinda no kwirinda virusi burimo:

• Karaba intoki zawe neza kenshi, cyane cyane mu gihe cy'icyorezo cy'ibicurane n'inkorora.
• Kurikiza amabwiriza yo kwirinda ibiryo. Ibintu nko kubika neza ibiryo, guteka inyama n'amafi neza, no koza imbuto n'imboga neza mbere yo kubirya.
• Koresha agakingirizo cyangwa agakingirizo k'amenyo mu gihe cy'imibonano mpuzabitsina iyo ari yo yose.
• Irinde udukoko. Ambara imyenda yo kwirinda, shyiramo umuti wica udukoko, kandi uryamane n'inzitiramibu mu gihe bibaye ngombwa.
• Ntukegere inyamaswa zo mu gasozi cyangwa iz'inkazi. Ntugasige amatungo yawe, nk'imbwa cyangwa injangwe, hanze yonyine, kuko ashobora kurumwa n'inyamaswa y'ibisazi.
• Niba urwaye, gabanya uburyo uhura n'abandi bantu.
• Shaka uburyo bwo kwirinda indwara nyuma yo guhura n’iyi ndwara. Niba uhuye na virusi zimwe na zimwe, ubu buryo bwo kuvura bushobora gufasha kwirinda indwara zishobora gushyira ubuzima bwawe mu kaga. Niba utekereza ko ushobora kuba warigeze guhura n’indwara nk’indwara y’ibisazi, virusi itera SIDA, hepatite B, cyangwa inkoko, hita ugana muganga.

Bigenda bite nindandura virusi?

Biterwa n'ubwoko bw'ubwandu bwa virusi ufite. Ibintu nk'ibicurane bisanzwe n'indwara zoroheje z'uruhu bishobora kwitabwaho mu rugo. Ariko zimwe mu ndwara za virusi zishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga kandi zikamara igihe kirekire.

Kwandura virusi bimara igihe kingana iki?

Ubu nabwo ni bumwe mu buryo:

• Indwara zo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero zishobora kumara iminsi mike kugeza ku byumweru bibiri.
• Agapapuro k'uruhu gashobora kumara umwaka umwe cyangwa irenga.
• Kimwe n'indwara ya Hepatite B na C, zishobora kuba indwara zidakira zimara imyaka myinshi.
• Ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA ntibushobora gukira, ni ubuzima bwose.

Ni izihe ngorane zishobora guterwa n'ubwandu bwa virusi?

Kwandura virusi bishobora gutera ingorane zikomeye haba ako kanya nyuma y’uburwayi cyangwa nyuma y’imyaka myinshi.

• Umusonga: Indwara zo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero zishobora gutuma ibihaha byandura kandi bikabyimba. Ibi bishobora gutuma guhumeka bigorana. Umusonga ukomeye ushobora gusaba kujya mu bitaro kugira ngo uvurwe.
• Encephalitis cyangwa meningitis: Iyo virusi igeze mu bwonko iturutse ahandi mu mubiri, ubwonko bushobora kubyimba. Ibi bishyira ubuzima mu kaga.
• Kuva amaraso menshi: Indwara zo kuva amaraso menshi nka dengue ikomeye zishobora gutera kuva amaraso mu kaga.
• Kongera gukora: Hari ubwandu bwa virusi bushobora kuguma mu mubiri wawe igihe kirekire, nubwo waba udafite ibimenyetso, cyangwa utigeze ugira ibimenyetso. Virusi iguma mu mubiri wawe idafite ibimenyetso cyangwa ngo yongere kwiyororoka yitwa "dormant." Hari virusi zimwe na zimwe, nka virusi ya Epstein-Barr (EBV), HPV, herpes simplex, na virusi ya chickenpox (Varicella), zishobora kongera gukora mu mubiri wawe zikagutera ibimenyetso nyuma y'imyaka myinshi.
• Kanseri: Hari virusi zishobora gutera kanseri iyo zimaze igihe kirekire mu mubiri (izi zitwa `oncoviruses`). Urugero, virusi nka `HPV` (virusi ya papilloma y'umuntu), virusi ya Epstein-Barr (EBV), `HIV`, hepatite B na C, virusi ya T-lymphotropic y'umuntu 1 (HTLV-1), na virusi ya herpes y'umuntu 8 (HHV-8) byagaragaye ko bifitanye isano n'ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa kanseri.

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?

Shaka muganga mu bihe nk'ibi:

• Niba ufite ibimenyetso by'ubwandu bwa virusi, kandi ntibikongere nyuma y'iminsi mike, cyangwa ndetse bikarushaho kuba bibi, nta kibazo.
• Niba ufite ibimenyetso bya grippe cyangwa COVID-19, kandi ukaba uri mu kaga ko kurwara bikomeye, muganga ashobora kuguha imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara.
• Niba warahuye n'ibintu nka VIH, Rabies, Hepatite B, cyangwa Chickenpox, ugomba guhabwa uburyo bwo kwirinda indwara nyuma yo guhura n'iyi ndwara vuba bishoboka.

Ni ryari nkwiye kujya mu ishami rishinzwe ubuvuzi bwihutirwa (ETU) ?

Niba ufite ibimenyetso by'ubwandu bukomeye, jya mu cyumba cy'ubutabazi cy'ibanze kiri hafi yawe cyangwa ushake ubuvuzi bwihuse. Ibimenyetso nk'ibi birimo:

• Umuriro mwinshi (uri hejuru ya 103 Fahrenheit / 39.4 Selisiyusi).
• Kugorwa no guhumeka.
• Kubabara mu gituza.
• Gukorora amaraso.
• Kubabara mu gifu cyane.
• Urujijo cyangwa izindi mpinduka zo mu mutwe.

Ni ibihe bibazo ngomba kubaza muganga wanjye?

• Nakwirinda nte ko iyi ndwara idakwirakwira mu bandi?
• Uyu muti nkoresha nte?
• Bizantwara igihe kingana iki kugira ngo ngire gukira?
• Ni iki nakora kugira ngo menye ibimenyetso byanjye mu rugo?
• Ni ryari nkwiye kuzaza kureba?

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Kwandura virusi ni ibintu bisanzwe cyane kandi akenshi si ibintu biteje akaga. Twese duhura n'ibicurane, indwara zo mu nda, n'ibibazo byoroheje by'uruhu buri gihe. Ariko, zimwe muri virusi zishobora gutera indwara zishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga, ndetse n'indwara zisanzwe nka grippe zishobora kuba zikomeye. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa cyane gufata ingamba zo kwirinda indwara za virusi n'iz'abagukikije. Ibintu nko gukingirwa, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri myiza yo gukaraba intoki, no gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina itekanye bishobora kugufasha kugira ubuzima bwiza.

Rero, ndizera ko aya makuru azakugirira akamaro. Uko indwara waba ufite yaba iri kose, ni byiza kudatinya no gushaka inama z'abaganga. Komeza ugire ubuzima bwiza!

Kwandura virusi, Virusi, Ibimenyetso, Uburyo bwo kuyivura , Kwirinda, Inama ku buzima