Urabona nabi mu buryo butunguranye, ariko nta bubabare burimo? Bishobora kuba birimo kuva amaraso mu jisho (kuva amaraso mu maso). Reka tubiganireho!

Ese wigeze ubura amaso mu buryo butunguranye, ariko nta bubabare ufite? Wenda amaso yawe yari afite ibizinga, igihu, cyangwa wabonye ibintu by'umukara bireremba imbere y'amaso yawe. Bishobora kuba ikintu giteye ubwoba. Imwe mu mpamvu nyamukuru ibi bibaho ni ukuva amaraso mu jisho. Mu buvuzi, ibi tubyita kuva amaraso mu maso . Muri make, ni amaraso aterana mu gice cy'ijisho kimeze nk'umusemburo.

Kuva amaraso mu jisho ni iki? (Kuva amaraso mu jisho)

Muri make, kuva amaraso mu maso ni ukuva amaraso mu maso , ni ukuvuga amazi ari mu maso yawe. Ibi bishobora gutuma iryo jisho ritakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba butunguranye kandi nta bubabare. Tekereza nawe, amaso ni cyo kibanza kinini kiri mu maso yacu. Gifite ikintu gisa n'umusemburo. Iyi misemburo ifasha ijisho kugumana imiterere yaryo y'uruziga.

Iyi ndwara ishobora guterwa n'impamvu zitandukanye. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa gushaka impamvu nyayo mbere yo kuyivura. Hari igihe ishobora no gutuma umuntu atabasha kubona neza bitewe n'impamvu. Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara cyane cyane ku bantu bafite diyabete iterwa na retinopathie.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ibi?

Ikimenyetso nyamukuru ni ugutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba cyangwa guhuma. Tekereza, vitreous igomba kuba imeze nk'ikirahure gisukuye, hanyuma urumuri rukanyuramo maze tukabona. None se bigenda bite iyo amaraso abonetse? Ni nk'aho irangi ritukura ryaguye ku kirahure. Kirazimiye kubura, kandi ni byo bitera ibimenyetso.

Iyo habayeho kuva amaraso mu maso, nta mpinduka igaragara mu ishusho y'ijisho. Ibi bivuze ko ijisho ritagaragara nk'umutuku inyuma. Hari igihe, iyo kuva amaraso ari guke, cyangwa niba biri ku ruhande rumwe rw'ijisho, bishobora kugorana n'abaganga b'amaso kubimenya, ndetse no mu bikoresho byihariye.

Impinduka mu kureba zishobora kuba zirimo:

• Kubona ibintu bito by'umukara bireremba imbere y'amaso (Floaters)
• Kubona ibintu nk'ubudodo bw'ibitagangurirwa
• Kubona nabi cyangwa mu gihe cy'ibihu
• Hari igihe ushobora gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kubona neza.

Kuki amaraso ari mu jisho gutya? Ni izihe mpamvu?

Hari uburyo bubiri bw'ingenzi amaraso ashobora kwinjira mu jisho: Bumwe buterwa n'imbaraga runaka , ubundi buterwa n'indwara yihishe inyuma .

1. Ese byaba biterwa n'impanuka cyangwa ingaruka zikomeye? (Impamvu z'ingufu za mekanike)

Yego, ingaruka zitandukanye zishobora gutera kuva amaraso mu jisho. Zirimo:

• Gukomeretsa ijisho mu buryo butaziguye:Tekereza ukubiswe umupira mu jisho uri gukina cricket, cyangwa ikintu gityaye kigafata mu jisho ryawe. Hanyuma imitsi yoroshye y'amaraso iri mu jisho ishobora kwangirika no kuva amaraso. Iyi ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru itera abantu bari munsi y'imyaka 40.
• Gutembera mu buryo butunguranye: Urugero, kuzunguza umwana muto mu buryo butunguranye, indwara yitwa Shaken Baby Syndrome , bishobora gutuma imiyoboro y'amaraso iri mu jisho icika kandi ikava amaraso.
• Gutandukana kw'imbere: Akantu k'imbere mu maso yacu (vitreous) rimwe na rimwe gatandukana na retina iri inyuma y'ijisho. Ibi byitwa posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) . Iyo gatandukanye, imiyoboro mito y'amaraso iri hagati y'ibyo byombi ishobora kwaguka no kuvunika, bigatera kuva amaraso. Hari igihe retina ishobora gucika (gucika kw'ijisho) cyangwa kwikuramo burundu (gucika kw'ijisho) . Gusohoka amaraso na byo bishobora kubaho.
• Umuvuduko ukabije: Hari igihe iyo dufashe umwuka tugashaka kunyara cyangwa kwituma (byitwa kandi Valsalva manuel) , umuvuduko uri mu mutwe no mu maso ushobora kwiyongera bigatuma imiyoboro y'amaraso iturika. Ibi bishobora no kubaho iyo twitsamuye cyangwa dukoroye nabi.

2. Ese iyi ndwara ishobora guterwa n'izindi ndwara? (Impamvu z'ishingiro ry'indwara)

Yego, kuva amaraso mu maso bishobora guterwa n'indwara zica intege imiyoboro y'amaraso iri mu jisho cyangwa zigatuma ritakora neza. Ingero zimwe ni izi:

• Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 n'indwara ya Retinopathy iterwa na Diyabete
• Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso (Hypertension)
• Kuziba imitsi yo mu jisho
• Indwara y'uturemangingo tw'umusemburo
• Kanseri z'amaso
• Indwara z'amaraso, urugero nko kubura amaraso cyangwa kubura amaraso
• Indwara zangiza imiyoboro y'amaraso, urugero nk'indwara ya vasculitis
• Gutakaza ubushobozi bw'amaso mu gihe cy'ubukure, ni ubwoko bw'impinduka zigaragara mu jisho uko dusaza.

Ni izihe ngorane zishobora guterwa no kuva amaraso mu jisho?

Kuva amaraso muri ubu buryo rimwe na rimwe bishobora kugira ingaruka z'igihe kirekire ku kureba kwawe . Zimwe muri izi ngaruka zishobora kuba iz'igihe kirekire, mu gihe izindi zishobora gufata igihe kugira ngo zikire. Inzobere mu by'amaso ishobora gusobanura ibishobora kubaho mu bihe byawe n'icyo wakora.

Ni gute abaganga basuzuma iyi ndwara?

Iyo ugiye kwa muganga w’amaso, bazakoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo gusuzuma ibi. Akenshi, bashobora gukoresha igikoresho gito cyitwa ophthalmoscope cyangwa imashini nini yitwa isuzuma ry’amatara kugira ngo barebe niba hari amaraso arimo kuva. Ariko, bashobora no gukora ibindi bizamini kugira ngo bamenye neza icyabiteye.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ibizamini bikorwa kuri ibi?

Ibizamini nk'ibi bishobora gufasha gusuzuma kuva amaraso mu maso cyangwa indwara zibitera:

• Ibipimo by'amaraso: Ibi bipima urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe, hamwe n'ibindi bibazo by'amaraso, nko kubura amaraso, ibibazo byo kuvura amaraso, n'izindi ndwara z'amaraso.
• Gupima mu buryo bwa Ultrasound: Ibi bikoresha imiraba y'amajwi kugira ngo birebe imbere mu jisho. Iki ni ikizamini cy'ingenzi cyane niba muganga atabona neza imbere mu jisho.
• Isuzuma ry’amajwi rijyanye n’ishusho (OCT): Rikoresha umurasire wa laser ufite imbaraga nke kugira ngo rifate amashusho y’imbere mu jisho ryawe. Ibi ni ingirakamaro cyane mu kureba imitsi y’amaraso n’ibice bya retina biri mu jisho.
• Gupima ubwonko: Hari igihe gupima CT (Computed Tomography - CT) na MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging - MRI) bikorwa kugira ngo harebwe niba hari umuvuduko ukabije ku mitsi y'amaraso iri mu jisho uhereye ku ruhande rw'ubwonko bwawe.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura ibi? (Ubuvuzi)

Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kuvura, kandi rimwe na rimwe bushobora gukoreshwa uburyo burenze bumwe muri ubu. Ubwo buryo ni ubu:

• Uburyo bwo kuvura bukoresha uburyo bwo kwirinda indwara: Ibi bisaba gutegereza iminsi mike, wenda ibyumweru bike, kugira ngo urebe impinduka zibaho. Kenshi na kenshi, imibiri yacu ishobora gusana ibyangiritse ubwayo iyo tubihaye umwanya. Muri iki gihe, uzabwirwa kuruhuka no kwirinda ibikorwa bizakunaniza amaso . Ushobora kandi kubwirwa kuryama ufite umutwe uzamuye, bizafasha amaraso gutembera mu jisho ryawe.
• Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara z’amaso: Ubu buryo burimo gusana imiyoboro y’amaraso yangiritse imbere mu jisho cyangwa kuvura ibindi bibazo hakoreshejwe imirasire ya laser, cyangwa gukoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi (Photocoagulation) cyangwa ubukonje bukabije (Cryotherapy).
• Kubaga: Uburyo bukunze gukoreshwa cyane ni ugukuramo ikintu kimeze nk'umusemburo w'amaraso kiri mu jisho ugasimbuza ikindi kintu (wenda nk'umunyu, amavuta ya silikoni, cyangwa agace ka gaze kadasanzwe).
• Imiti: Hari igihe imitsi mishya idakenewe ivuka (neovascularization)Imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara z'umutima (urugero: imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara z'umutima) ishobora guterwa mu jisho. Kubera ko iyi mitsi mishya y'amaraso idakomeye cyane, ishobora kuvunika byoroshye no kuva amaraso, kandi ishobora no kwangiza ubwiza bw'amaso.
• Kuvura impamvu nyamukuru: Kuvura neza ikibazo cy’inyuma gitera kuva amaraso (urugero: diyabete, umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso) ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo bitaba gusa kuvura ikibazo kirimo ubu ahubwo no gukumira ko kitazongera kubaho ukundi.

Kubera ko hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kuvura, umuganga w'amaso ni we muntu mwiza wo kukubwira uburyo buzagufasha cyane.

Ni iki nakwitega mu gihe nhuye n'ikibazo nk'iki?

Niba ufite amaraso mu jisho, kureba kwawe gushobora kugabanuka cyangwa guhinduka mu buryo butunguranye. Ariko ntuzumva ububabare ubwo aribwo bwose . Kugabanuka k'amaso gushobora kugaragara mu buryo butunguranye nk'ibintu by'umukara biri ku mazi imbere y'amaso yawe (floaters) , cyangwa nk'urushundura rw'igitagangurirwa. Cyangwa kureba kwawe gushobora kuba nk'ibijimye cyangwa igihu.

Iki kibazo kizamara igihe kingana iki?

Igihe ibi bimara giterwa n'ibintu byinshi. Impamvu, uburemere bw'indwara, n'ubuvuzi wahawe. Bishobora gufata iminsi, ibyumweru, cyangwa amezi kugira ngo amaso yawe asubire ku murongo. Amaraso ari mu jisho agenda asohoka buhoro buhoro mu jisho, ariko bifata igihe. Imibiri yacu ishobora gukuramo aya maraso, ariko ni inzira igenda buhoro cyane.

Ni iki giteganijwe kuri iki kibazo? (Icyizere)

Ibisubizo byabyo biterwa n'impamvu n'uburyo wihuta kubona ubuvuzi. Abantu bafite indwara z'igihe kirekire nka diyabete cyangwa indwara yo kwangirika kw'amaso bashobora kugira ibisubizo bike. Ingano yo kuva amaraso na yo igira ingaruka ku bisubizo. Inzobere mu by'amaso irashobora kukubwira icyo wakora kugira ngo ubone ibisubizo byiza ku kibazo cyawe.

Ese iki kibazo gishobora kwirindwa? (Kwirinda)

Akenshi, ibi bibaho mu buryo tudashobora guhanura cyangwa kugenzura. Rero ntibishoboka kubikumira burundu. Ariko hari ibintu bike dushobora gukora kugira ngo tugabanye ibi byago:

• Ambara ubwirinzi bw'amaso: Niba ukora akazi kateje akaga cyangwa ukina siporo (urugero: squash, cricket), kwambara indorerwamo z'umutekano bishobora gufasha mu kwirinda kwangirika kw'amaso guterwa n'impanuka.
• Suzuma kwa muganga buri gihe: Iyo ugenzuwe na muganga w’umuryango wawe byibuze rimwe mu mwaka, ushobora kumenya indwara nka diyabete n’umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso mbere yuko ugaragaza ibimenyetso.
• Kugenzura indwara zimaze igihe kirekire: Niba ufite indwara nka diyabete cyangwa umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, kuzigenzura nk'uko muganga agusaba bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara iyi ndwara.
• Suzuma amaso yawe buri gihe niba bibaye ngombwa:Cyane cyane niba ufite ikibazo cy’indwara nka diyabete, jya usuzuma amaso yawe buri gihe na muganga wawe, nk'uko byategetswe na we. Muri ubwo buryo, impinduka mu jisho zishobora kugaragara hakiri kare kandi zikavurwa.

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?

Niba uhuye n'ikibazo cyo kutabona neza, kubura ubwiza bw'amaso, cyangwa se ukagira uduce dushya two mu mazi, ugomba kujya kwa muganga vuba bishoboka, byaba byiza ugiye kwa muganga w'amaso.

Ntabwo ushobora kwisuzumisha ubwawe cyangwa ngo ubyivure ubwawe. Ukeneye umuganga w’amaso wabihuguriwe kugira ngo abisuzumishe neza kandi akugire inama ku buryo bwo kubyivuza.

Amaherezo, ibuka...

Gutakaza amaso mu buryo butunguranye kandi butababaza cyangwa kutabona neza ni ikibazo gikomeye. Ntibikwiye gufatwa nk'ibintu byoroshye. Gusuzuma no kuvura hakiri kare bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye. Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo kuvura.

Niba ufite ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose kijyanye n'uku kuva amaraso mu jisho, byitwa "vitreous hemorrhage" , cyangwa niba ufite ikibazo cyongera ibyago byo kwangirika, vugana na muganga w'amaso. Ashobora kugusobanurira icyo wakwitega n'uko wabyitwaramo. Wibuke ko amaso yawe ari ay'agaciro!

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