Ni mu rugero rungana iki dutekereza ku mibereho myiza y'imibiri yacu? Ariko icy'ingenzi, ndetse wenda kirenzeho, ni imibereho myiza y'ubwenge bwacu, ni ukuvuga ubuzima bwo mu mutwe. Hari igihe ubwenge bwacu bushobora kumva buremerewe, bufite ibibazo, kandi bugahinda umushyitsi. Ushobora gutekereza uti "Nta muntu n'umwe ushobora kubwira ibi bintu," "Ntawe uzabyumva." Ariko muri ibyo bihe, hari inzobere ishobora kugutega amatwi, ikagusobanukirwa, ikagufasha. Uwo muganga ni we twita umuganga w'indwara zo mu mutwe .
'Umuganga w'indwara zo mu mutwe', 'Umuganga w'indwara zo mu mutwe', 'Umuganga w'indwara zo mu mutwe'... Aba bantu ni bande? Itandukaniro ni irihe?
Abantu benshi bararumva urujijo iyo bumvise aya mazina atatu. Ni ibisanzwe kwibaza uti "Ese bose bakora ikintu kimwe? Ni nde nabona niba mfite ikibazo?" Reka turebe itandukaniro rikomeye riri hagati y'aya atatu mu buryo bworoshye cyane. Ni ngombwa ko ubimenya neza.
| Umuntu | Ibisabwa n'uruhare |
|---|---|
| Umuganga w'indwara zo mu mutwe | Uyu ni umuganga w’inzobere wize mu ishuri ry’ubuganga, abona impamyabumenyi y’ubuganga (MBBS), hanyuma akiga impamyabumenyi y’inzobere mu buvuzi bw’indwara zo mu mutwe (MD mu buvuzi bw’indwara zo mu mutwe).
|
| Inzobere mu by'imitekerereze y'abantu | Uyu ni umuhanga w’umuhanga cyane, urugero nk’impamyabumenyi mu by’imitekerereze n’impamyabumenyi y’ikirenga (PhD), ariko ntabwo ari umuganga. |
| Umuvuzi/Umujyanama | Hari ibisabwa kugira ngo ibi bibe nk'impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga cyangwa impamyabumenyi. |
Mu magambo make, niba wumva ukeneye imiti igufasha mu buzima bwo mu mutwe cyangwa niba ufite indwara ikomeye, ugomba kujya kwa muganga w’indwara zo mu mutwe.
Bigenda bite iyo ugiye kwa muganga w’indwara zo mu mutwe?
Iyo ugiye kwa muganga w’indwara zo mu mutwe, abanza kukuvugisha neza cyane akakubaza ibimenyetso byo mu mutwe no ku mubiri. Tekereza ko umaze igihe wumva uremerewe cyane kandi ubabaye, nta kintu na kimwe ushishikajwe no gukora, kandi ntusinziriye neza. Ushobora kuganira kuri ibi bintu byose na muganga mu buryo bweruye.
Hanyuma, nibiba ngombwa, ushobora gukora ibintu nk'ibi:
- Isuzuma ry'umubiri: Reba niba ibi bimenyetso biterwa n'indi ndwara.
- Ibizamini nko gupima amaraso: Urugero, indwara nko kugabanuka k'umusemburo wa tiroyide rimwe na rimwe bishobora gutera ibimenyetso nko kwiheba. Kubwibyo, ibizamini bishobora gutangwa kugira ngo ibyo bintu bitabaho.
- Isuzumabumenyi ry'imitekerereze: Ubaza ibibazo kugira ngo urusheho gusobanukirwa ibitekerezo byawe, amarangamutima yawe, n'imyitwarire yawe.
Nyuma yo gukora ibi byose, umuganga azakoresha ibipimo byemewe ku rwego mpuzamahanga byo gusuzuma indwara (urugero, DSM-5) kugira ngo amenye neza indwara yawe. Ibi bishobora gusaba ko umuganga ajya kwa muganga inshuro zirenze imwe.
Indwara zisanzwe zivurwa n'abaganga b'indwara zo mu mutwe
Abaganga b'indwara zo mu mutwe bavura indwara zitandukanye zo mu mutwe n'ibibazo by'imyitwarire. Zimwe muri zo zirimo:
- Ihungabana ry'ihungabana n'izindi ndwara zifitanye isano naryo
- Indwara zo guhangayika
- Indwara za Bipolar n'izindi zifitanye isano Schizophrenia spectrum n'izindi ndwara zo mu mutwe
- Ibitekerezo n'ibikorwa bidakenewe (Indwara zo kwiheba no gutwarwa n'imyitwarire n'izindi zifitanye isano - OCD)
- Indwara ziterwa n'ihungabana n'imihangayiko (PTSD)
- Indwara ziterwa n'ibiyobyabwenge n'iziterwa n'ibiyobyabwenge
- Ibibazo byo kugaburira no kurya
- Indwara zo gusinzira
- Indwara z'imico
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura butangwa?
Nyuma yo gusuzuma indwara, muganga wawe azakubwira gahunda yo kugufasha. Ibi bishobora kuba bikubiyemo uburyo bumwe cyangwa bwinshi bwo kuvura.
| Uburyo bwo kuvura | Ibisobanuro byoroshye |
|---|---|
| Umuti | Bifasha gukosora ubusumbane mu bintu bigize imiti (neurotransmitters) mu bwonko. Ibi birimo ubwoko butandukanye bw'imiti nka `Antidepressants`, `Antipsychotics`, na `Mood stabilizers`. |
| Ubuvuzi bw'imitekerereze | Ibi kandi byitwa "Talk Therapy." Bisobanura kuganira na muganga wawe ku bibazo byawe, ibitekerezo byawe, n'ibyiyumvo byawe no kwiga uburyo bwo kubikemura. |
| Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara zo mu bwonko | Ubu ni uburyo bugezweho kandi bwizewe bwo kuvura bukoreshwa mu ndwara zikomeye cyane zidashobora kuvurwa n'imiti. Urugero, harimo uburyo bwo kuvura indwara zifata imitsi hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi (ECT), TMS, na DBS. |
Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga w’indwara zo mu mutwe?
Ushobora kuba wibaza uti "Mfite ikibazo gito, ese nkwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera iki kibazo?" Ariko niba wowe cyangwa undi muntu uzi umaze igihe kinini ugaragaza kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi bikurikira, ni byiza gushaka inama kwa muganga.
- Agahinda kenshi, kwiheba, no kwiheba.
- Guhangayika, ubwoba, n'ubwoba bukabije.
- Ibitekerezo byo kwiyahura . (Niba ufite ibi bitekerezo, jya mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze cy’ibitaro biri hafi yawe (ETU) vuba cyangwa ubwire umuntu wizeye.)
- Kwiyangiza umubiri.
- Kubona cyangwa kumva ibintu bitabaho (Kubona ibintu nk'aho nta cyo bitwaye cyangwa kwibeshya).
- Kudashobora kugenzura ikoreshwa ry'inzoga cyangwa ibiyobyabwenge.
- Kurakara kenshi no kugorwa no kugenzura amarangamutima.
- Ibibazo bikomeye byo gusinzira (kudashobora gusinzira neza nka mbere cyangwa gusinzira cyane).
- Kugabanuka k'ubwonko kugeza aho utabasha gukora imirimo ya buri munsi, akazi, cyangwa imirimo y'ishuri.
Witegura ute umunsi wo gusohokana bwa mbere?
Ni ibisanzwe kumva ufite ubwoba n'ubwoba gato iyo ugiye kwa muganga w'indwara zo mu mutwe bwa mbere. Ariko ibuka ko ariho kugira ngo agufashe. Dore uko wakwitegura.
1. Andika icyo ushaka kuvugaho: Andika ku rupapuro ibibazo bikubangamiye, ibimenyetso urimo kubona, n'igihe byatangiriye. Muri ubwo buryo, ntuzibagirwa ikintu na kimwe.
2. Urutonde rw'imiti: Bwira muganga wawe imiti yose urimo gufata (harimo n'imiti y'izindi ndwara, vitamine, n'imiti gakondo). Niba bishoboka, izazane.
3. Baza ibibazo: Ntutinye kubaza ibibazo ku kintu icyo ari cyo cyose wifuza kumenya, ku bijyanye n'ubuvuzi, ndetse no ku ngaruka mbi z'imiti.
4. Ikiguzi: Niba ugiye ku ivuriro ryita ku buzima bwo mu mutwe (Psychiatry Clinic) mu bitaro bya leta, nta kiguzi kirimo. Mu rwego rw'abikorera ku giti cyabo, amafaranga yishyurwa. Menya ibyo mbere y'igihe.
Wibuke ko gusaba ubufasha ku kibazo cy’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe atari ikimenyetso cy’intege nke. Ni icyemezo gikomeye gifatwa n’umuntu wiyitaho kandi wikunda.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Umuganga w’indwara zo mu mutwe ni umuganga wahawe amahugurwa yihariye ku buzima bw’ubwonko bwacu.
- Umuganga w’indwara zo mu mutwe ni we wenyine ushobora kukwandikira imiti ijyanye n’uburwayi bwawe bwo mu mutwe. Abahanga mu by’imitekerereze cyangwa abajyanama ntibashobora kukwandikira imiti.
- Niba wowe cyangwa undi muntu uzi afite ibibazo byo mu mutwe, ntabwo bitinda gusaba ubufasha. Si intege nke, ni imbaraga.
- Niba utazi neza uwo wavugana na we, banza urebe muganga w'umuryango wawe. Azakohereza umuntu ukwiye.
- Izi serivisi ziboneka ku buntu mu mavuriro y’ubuvuzi bwo mu mutwe mu bitaro bya leta.
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