Ese wigeze wumva indwara ifata ibice by'umweru by'ubwonko bwawe (Indwara y'ibice by'umweru)? Reka tubiganireho!

Ese hari igihe wumva kwibuka kwawe kugenda kugabanuka uko ugenda usaza? Cyangwa wumva ufite ikibazo cyo kugabanuka mu gihe ugenda n'amaguru cyangwa ukora ibintu? Ibi bishobora kuba ibintu bisanzwe bizana n'imyaka. Ariko, hari igihe hashobora kuba hari impamvu inyuma y'ibi bimenyetso ugomba kwitondera cyane. Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku ndwara igira ingaruka ku bwonko bwacu.

Ni iyihe ndwara yibasira ibice by'umweru by'ubwonko (Indwara y'ibice by'umweru)?

Mu magambo make, ni ijambo rusange risobanura kwangirika no guhinduka kw'ibintu byera mu bwonko bwacu. Tekereza kuri ibi bintu byera nk'urusobe rw'"imihanda minini" ihuza ibice bitandukanye by'ubwonko bwacu, ndetse n'ubwonko n'umugongo. Ibibazo bitangira iyo iyi "mihanda minini" yangiritse.

Iyi ndwara rimwe na rimwe yitwa indwara y'imitsi mito yo mu bwonko cyangwa indwara y'imitsi mito . Ishobora kubaho iyo umuntu ashaje ndetse n'impinduka mu mitsi y'amaraso mu gice cy'umweru cy'ubwonko. Ishobora kuba yoroheje, iri hagati, cyangwa ikomeye .

Iyo igice cyawe cy'umweru cyangiritse, kiba igisebe cy'igice cy'umweru . Abaganga bashobora kubibona nk'uduce twinshi tw'urumuri ku gipimo cya MRI (magnetic resonance imaging scan). Hari igihe ibi bisebe bishobora kutagira ibimenyetso bikomeye, kandi ni "ibisanzwe" kugira bimwe muri byo uko tugenda dusaza. Ariko, bimwe mu bisebe bishobora kwangiza "imihanda minini" y'ingenzi mu bwonko, bigatera ibibazo mu kwibuka, kuringaniza no kugenda .

Muri rusange, abantu bafite ibisebe byinshi by’ibice by’umweru (ni ukuvuga indwara nyinshi z’ibice by’umweru) bakunze kugira ibimenyetso byinshi .

Iyi ndwara y’ibinure ifitanye isano rikomeye n’ibintu bishobora gutera indwara z’umutima n’imitsi . Abashakashatsi bemeza ko ari ikimenyetso kigaragaza ibyago byo kurwara indwara zo mu bwonko, indwara yo kwibagirwa, ndetse n’ubumuga mu buzima bwose.

Iki kintu cy'umweru ni iki koko?

Ibintu byera ni urusobe runini rw'imitsi (axons) mu bwonko bwacu. Aha niho amakuru ahererekanywa kandi hakavuka itumanaho hagati y'ibice bitandukanye by'ubwonko. Byitwa "ibintu byera" kuko ibyo bice by'imitsi bikikijwe n'agakingirizo karinda umubiri kitwa myelin . Ni ukubera iyo myelin iyi ngingo ibona ibara ryayo ryera.

Ubwonko bwawe bufite ibara ry'umukara mu buso no mu bice byimbitse. Bubona ibara ryabwo ry'umukara mu turemangingo tw'imitsi (neurons).

Kugira ngo umweru wacu ube mwiza, ukeneye amaraso meza n'intungamubiri .

Nk’uko ubwatsi bwo mu busitani bwacu bukenera amazi, urumuri rw’izuba, n’agakoresho ko gusiga kugira ngo bukomeze kugaragara neza, ni nako umweru wo mu bwonko ushobora kwangirika iyo budafite amaraso meza n’intungamubiri.

Kugabanuka kw'amaraso (bizwi nka ischemia mu buvuzi) n'intungamubiri nke bishobora kwangiza iyi mitsi. Ishobora kubyimba, kuvunika, cyangwa ndetse igapfa burundu.

Ni nde wibasirwa cyane n'iyi ndwara y'ibinure?

Nubwo ishobora kugaragara ku muntu uwo ari we wese, ikunze kugaragara ku bantu barengeje imyaka 60 ndetse n'abafite indwara z'umutima n'imitsi .

Bamwe mu rubyiruko, urugero nk'abafite indwara nka migraine , bashobora kugira ibisebe bike by'umweru mu bwonko kuri MRI scan. Ariko, uko imyaka igenda ishira ndetse n'ubwiyongere bw'ibintu bishobora gutera indwara z'umutima n'imitsi, umubare w'ibi bisebe ushobora kwiyongera.

Hari abantu bamwe bashobora kandi kuba bafite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara iyi ndwara bitewe n'ibintu bishobora gutera ingaruka ku miterere y'umubiri .

Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara gute?

Indwara y'ibinure ni indwara ikunze kugaragara cyane , yibasira abantu barenga kimwe cya kabiri cy'imyaka irenga 60.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'iyi ndwara y'ibinure by'umweru?

Dore ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe bishobora kugaragara muri iki gihe:

• Ibibazo byo kwibuka .
• Kugenda buhoro buhoro .
• Ibibazo byo kuringaniza no kugwa kenshi .
• Kugorwa no gukora ibintu bibiri cyangwa byinshi icyarimwe , urugero nko kugenda mu gihe uvuga.
• Uguhindagurika kw'amarangamutima , indwara nko kwiheba .
• Kugorwa no kugenzura inkari (kunanirwa kwihagarika inkari) .

Ibi bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara cyane ku bantu bafite indwara zikomeye .

Ariko ibuka ko ibimenyetso byinshi muri ibi bishobora guterwa n'impinduka zisanzwe zizanwa no gusaza, cyangwa izindi ndwara nka rubagimpande, indwara y'imitsi iterwa na diyabete, indwara yo kwibagirwa indwara ya Alzheimer, cyangwa kudasinzira neza . Ariko, niba ibi bimenyetso bigaragara kandi bikarushaho kwiyongera vuba cyane, ni ikibazo gihangayikishije.

Hari igihe indwara y’ibice by’umweru iboneka mu buryo bw’impanuka mu gihe cyo gupima ubwonko hakoreshejwe MRI ku yindi mpamvu. Hari abantu bashobora kuyirwara ariko ntibagaragaze ibimenyetso (bidatanga ibimenyetso). Ni byiza kuvugana na muganga wawe kugira ngo amenye niba ibimenyetso byawe biterwa n’indwara y’ibice by’umweru cyangwa indi mpamvu.

Ni iki gitera iyi ndwara y'ibinure by'umweru?

Abashakashatsi baracyakora iperereza kuri iyi ndwara n'impamvu zayo. Kuri ubu, bemeza ko kugabanuka k'amaraso mu mitsi yo mu bwoko bw'umweru ari byo biyitera.Ibi biterwa nuko izi fibres zangiritse.

Uko tugenda dusaza, imitsi yacu irushaho gukomera kandi ikagira intege nke . Ibi bishobora kugabanya urujya n'uruza rw'amaraso mu mitsi yo mu bwonko, ibyo bikaba byangiza ibintu byera.

Bishobora kandi guterwa n'indwara yitwa atherosclerosis . Ibi bibaho iyo plaque yikubira mu mitsi yacu uko igihe kigenda gihita, bigatuma inkuta z'imitsi zikomera kandi zigakomera. Ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mitsi iyo ari yo yose mu mubiri, harimo n'imitsi yo mu bwonko.

Kugira ibintu bishobora gutera indwara z'umutima n'imitsi, urugero nk'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, isukari nyinshi mu maraso iterwa na diyabete, cholesterol nyinshi mu mirire, no kunywa itabi , bishobora kongera umubare w'ibisebe by'umweru mu bwonko bwawe.

Izindi mpamvu zitera ibisebe by'ibintu byera

Uburyo ubwo aribwo bwose butuma habaho impinduka mu miterere y’imitsi itwikiriwe na myelin, kwangirika, cyangwa kugabanuka k’amaraso (ischemia), bushobora kugaragara nk’ibisebe by’umweru kuri MRI scan.

Nubwo indwara y’ibinure by’umweru ari uruhurirane rw’ibinure by’umweru biterwa n’ibibazo by’imitsi, ushobora no kugira ibinure bito by’ibinure by’umweru kubera izindi mpamvu. Urugero, ibi binure bishobora kugaragara mu ndwara zituma umuntu adakura imyelini nka sclerosis nyinshi (MS) no mu ndwara za genetiki nka leukodystrophy .

Abaganga nka ba abahanga mu by’imitsi n’abahanga mu by’imitsi bashobora gutandukanya indwara y’ibinure n’izindi mpamvu zitera ibinure bitewe n’aho biri mu bwonko kuri MRI scan. Hari igihe hakenerwa ibizamini by’inyongera kugira ngo hamenyekane impamvu nyayo y’ibinure by’ibinure by’ibinure bibonwa kuri MRI scan.

Iyi ndwara y'ibinure ipimwa ite?

Uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo gusuzuma iyi ndwara ni ugukoresha isuzuma ry'ubwonko rya MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) . Isuzuma rya MRI ni isuzuma ritababaza ritanga amashusho asobanutse neza y'ibice bitandukanye by'umubiri. Imashini ya MRI ikoresha magneti nini, imiraba ya radiyo, na mudasobwa kugira ngo ikore aya mashusho arambuye, idakoresheje imirasire iyo ari yo yose (nta mirasire ya X).

Gupima MRI mu bwonko bishobora gufasha abaganga kubona ingano y’ibyangiritse ku bwonko bwawe no gusuzuma indwara y’ibice by’umweru.

Impinduka z'ibintu by'umweru zigaragara nk'ibisebe kuri MRI. Izi mpinduka z'ibintu by'umweru zishobora kwandikwaho mu buryo butandukanye kuri raporo ya MRI:

• Indwara cyangwa ibisebe by'ubwonko cyangwa subcortical white matter.
• Indwara ya mikorobe.
• Impinduka z'ibintu byera bitari ibyabyo.
• Ubukana bwa T2 (ibikomere).

Hari igihe, umuganga wawe ashobora kubona ibimenyetso by'indwara y'uruhu rw'umweru bitewe n'ibisubizo bya MRI scan wakorewe ku yindi ndwara. Hari n'igihe umuganga wawe ashobora gutumiza MRI niba atabonye indi mpamvu igaragara itera ibimenyetso byawe, nko kugira ibibazo byo kuringaniza no kwibuka.

Nubwo hari ibindi bipimo byo gufata amashusho, nka CT scans (Computed Tomography scans) , MRI ifite ireme ry’ishusho n’uburyo bwo kumenya indwara y’umweru.

Mu gihe cyo gusuzuma iyi ndwara, muganga wawe ashobora no kugukorera isuzuma ry’imitsi kugira ngo apime ibimenyetso byawe.

Kubera ko indwara y’amaraso y’umweru ifitanye isano n’ibintu bishobora gutera indwara z’umutima n’imitsi, muganga wawe ashobora no gutumiza ibipimo by’amaraso nk’ibi kugira ngo apime ibyago byawe:

• Urusobe rw'imikorere y'umubiri rurambuye .
• Igipimo cy'ibinure (lipid panel) (reba urugero rwa cholesterol).
• Ikizamini cya hemoglobine ya glycated (HbA1c) (reba uko diyabete ihagaze).

Iyi ndwara y'ibinure ivurwa ite?

Mu kuvura iyi ndwara, abaganga bibanda cyane ku kuvura ibimenyetso no kugenzura ibintu bishobora gutera indwara z'umutima n'imitsi.

Kuvura ibibazo by’ubuzima byibasira umubiri, nk'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, diyabete, na cholesterol nyinshi, no kureka kunywa itabi, bishobora gufasha gukumira ibindi bisebe by'umukara .

Nubwo nta buryo bwo kuvura bwakoreshejwe mu gusana ibintu byera byangiritse, abantu bafite ibibazo by’ubuzima bidasubirwaho muri rusange bahura n’ibibazo byinshi by’ibintu byera byangiritse ndetse n’ubumuga.

Kuvura ibimenyetso by'ibice by'umweru

• Ubuvuzi bw'umubiri : Ibi bishobora gufasha mu bibazo byo kuringaniza no kugenda biterwa n'indwara y'uruhu rw'umweru. Bikubiyemo kandi kwigisha no kuvura kugira ngo hirindwe kugwa.
• Ubujyanama mu by'imitekerereze n'ubuvuzi bwo mu mutwe : Ku bibazo by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe nko kwiheba, ibimenyetso bishobora kugenzurwa no kuvugana n'umuganga w'imitekerereze , ndetse byaba ngombwa no guhabwa imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara zo mu mutwe n'umuganga w'indwara zo mu mutwe .
• Kutagira impatwe mu nkari : Hari uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura ibi, harimo imiti, guhindura imibereho, n'uburyo bumwe na bumwe bwo kuvura.

Kurwanya indwara z'umutima n'imitsi

Gucunga ibintu bishobora gutera indwara z’umutima n’imitsi bishobora gufasha mu kugenzura iterambere ry’indwara z’amaraso no gukumira ibyago bishobora guteza indwara z’umutima n’imitsi nko gucika intege mu bwonko.

Uburyo bwo kuvura bufasha mu kuvura indwara z’umutima n’imitsi burimo:

• Imiti n'impinduka mu mibereho kugira ngo umuvuduko w'amaraso ukomeze kuba mwiza.
• Kurwanya diyabete (niba urwaye diyabete).
• Kugenzura urugero rwa cholesterol binyuze mu miti no guhindura imibereho .
• Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe .
• Irinde kunywa itabi .
• Kwirinda kunywa inzoga .
• Imiti igabanya ubukana bw'amaraso (iyi ni itsinda ry'imiti ibuza uturemangingo tw'amaraso gufatana no gukora ibice by'amaraso).
• Statines (nubwo urugero rwa cholesterol yawe rwaba rusanzwe, izi zishobora kugabanya ububyimbirwe mu mitsi y'amaraso).

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'abaganga bavura iyi ndwara y'ibinure?

Bitewe n'ibimenyetso byawe n'uko umeze, ushobora kubonana n'umwe cyangwa benshi muri aba baganga kugira ngo bavure ibimenyetso by'indwara y'umweru no gukurikirana uko igenda ikura:

• Inzobere mu ndwara z'imitsi
• Umuganga w'umuryango wawe (umuganga w'ibanze)
• Umuganga w'umubiri
• Umuganga w'inzobere mu by'ubuvuzi
• Umuganga w'imitsi
• Inzobere mu by'umutima
• Umuganga w'inkari
• Inzobere mu by'imitekerereze n'imibanire y'abantu n'ibintu byo mu mutwe

Ese iyi ndwara y'ibinure ishobora kwirindwa?

Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko abantu bafite ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima n'imitsi bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara z'amaraso.

Ibintu bishobora gutera indwara z'umutima n'imitsi ni ibi bikurikira:

• Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso (Hypertension)
• Kolesteroli nyinshi (Hyperlipidemia, Dyslipidemia)
• Kunywa itabi
• Diyabete idacungwa neza

Hari ibintu ushobora gukora kugira ngo ugenzure uko iyi ndwara ikomeza kwiyongera . Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko gucunga ibi bintu bishobora gutera ibyago, nko gufata imiti, guhindura imibereho, cyangwa kureka kunywa itabi, bishobora gufasha gukumira kugaragara kw'udukoko dushya tw'umweru.

Ni iki giteganyijwe ku ndwara y'ibinure by'umweru?

Indwara y'ibice by'umweru ni ubwoko bwinshi bw'indwara zishobora kuva ku zoroshye kugeza ku zikomeye kuri MRI. Ibimenyetso bijyana nayo bishobora kuva kuri nta na kimwe kugeza ku zikomeye. Kubwibyo, uko indwara y'ibice by'umweru ihagaze biratandukanye bitewe n'umuntu ku giti cye.

Niba warafashwe n'indwara y'uruhu rw'umweru, ni byiza kuvugana n'umuganga w'indwara z'imitsi ku byo ushobora kwitega.

Ni ryari wagombye kujya kwa muganga ku bijyanye n'indwara y'umweru?

Niba warasanzwe urwaye indwara y’ibinure, ni ngombwa kujya kwa muganga wawe w’ibanze buri gihe kugira ngo baganire ku bijyanye no kuvura indwara yawe. Bitewe n’imiterere n’uburemere bw’indwara yawe y’ibinure, ndetse n’ibimenyetso byawe, ushobora no gukenera kubonana n’inzobere z’inyongera.

Niba ufite indwara y’amaraso y’umukara, ni ngombwa gushyira imbere ubuzima bwawe bw’umutima n’imitsi. Urugero, gufata imiti yo kugenzura cholesterol n’umuvuduko w’amaraso no guhindura imibereho yawe bishobora gufasha gukumira udukoko dushya tw’amaraso y’umukara no kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara zo mu bwonko n’indwara yo kwibagirwa. Niba ufite ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose kuri iyi ndwara cyangwa indwara z’umutima n’imitsi, baza muganga wawe. Bari hano kugufasha.

Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo

Noneho reka turebe ibintu byoroshye byo kwibuka ku ndwara y'ibicurane twavuze:

• Ibi ni ukwangirika kw'ibintu byera by'ubwonko , kimwe n'uko byangiritse "imihanda" itwara amakuru mu bwonko.
• Akenshi bifitanye isano n'ibintu bishobora gutera gusaza n'indwara z'umutima (umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, diyabete, cholesterol, kunywa itabi).
• Ibimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo gutakaza kwibuka, kugorwa no kugenda, no kubura kuringaniza .
• Ipimwa ahanini hakoreshejwe MRI scan .
• Nubwo ibyangiritse byamaze gukorwa bidashobora gukosorwa burundu, iyo ndwara ishobora gukemurwa no kugenzura ibintu bishobora gutera ibyago no kuvura ibimenyetso .
• Kwita ku buzima bw'umutima ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo hirindwe ko iyi ndwara ikomeza kwiyongera.

Niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, cyangwa niba ushaka kumenya byinshi kuri ibi, shaka inama kwa muganga . Ntutinye, ikintu cy'ingenzi muri ibi byose ni ukumenya amakuru nyayo no gufata ingamba zikenewe.

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