Ese igihe kirageze ngo umwana wawe ahabwe urukingo rukurikira nk'uko bigaragara ku ikarita ye yo gukingirwa? Urababara kandi iyo umwana wawe arira mu gihe arimo guhabwa urukingo, si byo? Ni ibisanzwe cyane. Ariko ikintu cy'ingenzi twese tugomba gusobanukirwa ni uko izi nkingo ari nk'ingabo irinda umwana indwara nyinshi zikomeye. None rero uyu munsi, reka tuganire kuri izi nkingo, cyangwa nk'uko tuzita, ibibazo byose ufite mu mutwe kuri zo.
Urukingo ni iki mu by'ukuri?
Mu magambo make, urukingo ni agace gato cyane ka virusi cyangwa bagiteri gafite intege nke gatera indwara, cyangwa mikorobe yishwe burundu. Inkingo zimwe na zimwe zigezweho zishobora kuba zirimo poroteyine ikorerwa muri laboratwari isa n’iyo mikorobe.
Iyo ibi byinjiye mu mubiri, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu buhita bukora. Ni nko gutoza ingabo. Umubiri utekereza ko hari indwara nyayo igiye kuza. Hanyuma, utangira gukora abasirikare badasanzwe bitwa 'antibodies' bakeneye kugira ngo barwanye iyo ndwara. Hanyuma, niba mikorobe itera iyo ndwara igeze mu mubiri, ubudahangarwa bwacu bw'umubiri butegurwa mbere kandi buzarwanya iyo ndwara kandi buyitsinde. Ingaruka zabyo ni uko iyo ndwara ihagarara burundu, cyangwa nibibaho, izaba yoroheje cyane kandi uzakira vuba.
Kuki ari ingenzi cyane gukingirwa?
Tekereza gato, kwirinda indwara biroroshye cyane kandi bihenze kuruta kuyivura imaze kugaragara. Iyo ni yo ntego nyamukuru yo gukingirwa.
Inkingo ntiziturinda gusa, ahubwo zirinda n'abandi batuzengurutse, cyane cyane abafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budakomeye, indwara zikomeye. Tekereza gato, indwara nka serumu, mumps, n'inkorora, zahitanye abana ibihumbi mu gihugu cyacu, ubu zaragabanutse cyane bitewe n'izi nkingo. Inkingo kandi ni zo zituma indwara nka polio na smallpox hafi gukurwaho ku isi. Inkingo zimwe na zimwe zigomba gutangwa rimwe gusa mu buzima, ariko zimwe na zimwe zikenera "inyongera" rimwe na rimwe kugira ngo zikomeze kubarinda.
Ni izihe nkingo umwana wanjye agomba guhabwa?
Mu gihugu cyacu, kugira ngo winjize umwana mu ishuri, ugomba kuba ufite icyemezo cy'uko ukingishijwe. Ibi ntibizarinda umwana wawe gusa, ahubwo bizarinda n'abandi bana bose bo mu ishuri rye. Imbonerahamwe iri hepfo igaragaza zimwe mu nkingo z'ingenzi umwana ahabwa hakurikijwe gahunda y'igihugu yo gukingira muri Sri Lanka.
| Indwara yirindwa n'urukingo | Izina ry'Icyongereza |
|---|---|
| Igituntu | Urukingo rwa BCG |
| Polio | Urukingo rwa Poliovirusi |
| Kurwara mu muhogo, kubyimba ibinure, inkorora ikaze, umwijima wa B, influenzae ya Haemophilus B | Pentavalent (DTP-HepB-Hib) |
| Indwara z'iseru, mumps, rubella | Urukingo rwa MMR |
| Indwara ya Ensalope y'Abayapani (umuriro wo mu bwonko) | Urukingo rwa Encephalitis yo mu Buyapani (JE) |
| Indwara y'indurwe, inyo (umuntu mukuru) | Diphtheria y'abantu bakuru na Tetanus (dT) |
| Covid-19 | Urukingo rwa COVID-19 |
Ni ingenzi cyane guha umwana wawe inkingo nk'uko biteganywa ku ikarita ye yo gukingirwa. Ariko niba ku mpamvu runaka wasibye inkingo, ntugahangayike. Ushobora kuvugana na muganga wawe akagukingiza.
Ese twagombye gutinya ingaruka mbi z'inkingo?
Inkingo zo muri iki gihe ni nziza cyane. Ariko kimwe n'indi miti iyo ari yo yose, inkingo zishobora kugira ingaruka mbi nto. Akenshi, izi ziba ari nto cyane.
- Gutukura, ububabare buto, cyangwa kubyimba aho bateye inshinge.
- Umuriro muto.
Ibi bintu akenshi bishira burundu mu munsi umwe cyangwa ibiri. Ni gake cyane umwana ashobora kugira umuriro muke. Uyu muriro ntabwo ari mubi ku mwana, ariko ushobora gutuma umwana yumva amerewe nabi. Indwara zikomeye zo kugira allergie ni gake cyane.Ibyo nibibaho, bizabaho nyuma gato yo gukingirwa. Ibiro by'abaganga (amavuriro) bifite ibikoresho byose bikenewe kugira ngo bihangane n'ikibazo nk'iki. Niba umwana wawe afite ubwivumbure ku kintu icyo ari cyo cyose, ugomba kubibwira muganga mbere yo gutanga urukingo.
Igikuru ni uko ingaruka zikomeye (nk'urupfu cyangwa ubumuga) zishobora guterwa n'indwara zishobora kwirindwa n'inkingo zikubye inshuro ibihumbi ugereranyije n'ingaruka nke cyane zishobora guterwa n'inkingo.
Ibinyoma ku bijyanye n'inkingo
Interineti n'imbuga nkoranyambaga byakwirakwije ibitekerezo byinshi bitari byo ku bijyanye n'inkingo. Reka turebe bimwe mu by'ingenzi.
Ikinyoma #1: "Kuki ukingira indwara zitakiriho?"
Iki ni ikintu ababyeyi benshi bibaza. "Kuki dukingira abana bacu indwara nka serumu na polio tutigeze tubona?" Igisubizo cyoroshye ni uko izi ndwara ubu zikunze kugaragara kubera inkingo. Nitureka gutanga inkingo dushingiye kuri izi myumvire mibi, izo ndwara ziteje akaga zizongera gukwirakwira.
Ikinyoma #2: "Thimerosal y'imvange ya mercure mu nkingo ni mbi."
Thimerosal ni ikinyabutabire cyakoreshejwe mu kubika inkingo. Ariko, ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko ingano nto cyane y’inkingo ntacyo yangiza. Ariko, nk'uburyo bwo kwirinda, thimerosal yakuweho burundu mu nkingo nyinshi zo mu bwana kuva mu 2001.
Ikinyoma #3: "Inkingo zitera autism."
Iki ni cyo kinyoma gikomeye kandi giteje akaga kurusha ibindi ku isi. Ni ikinyoma rwose. Ibimenyetso by'indwara ya autism spectrum bikunze kugaragara ku mwana uri mu kigero kimwe n'urukingo rwa MMR. Guhurirana kw'ibi bihe bibiri byatumye bamwe bemera ko hari isano.
Ariko urukingo rwa MMR ntirwigeze rugira thimerosal. Ubushakashatsi bwonyine bwagaragaje isano iri hagati y’inkingo na autism bwagaragaye ko ari uburiganya. Ubushakashatsi bwose bwakurikiyeho, harimo n’ubushakashatsi bw’imyaka 10 bwakorewe ku bana bagera ku 700.000, bwagaragaje kenshi ko nta sano iri hagati y’inkingo na autism. Wibuke ko ingaruka mbi zishobora guterwa n’indwara nka measles na mumps ziruta kure ingaruka mbi zikekwa ko ziterwa n’urukingo.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Gukingirwa ni uburyo bw'ingenzi cyane kandi bwizewe bwo kurinda abana indwara zikomeye.
- Ni ibisanzwe kugira umuriro muke no gutukura aho watewe urushinge nyuma yo gukingirwa. Ibi bizashira mu minsi mike.
- Igitekerezo cy'uko inkingo zitera autism ni ikinyoma rwose. Ibi byagaragajwe n'ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwa siyansi.
- Ha umwana wawe inkingo nk'uko byanditse ku ikarita ye yo gukingirwa. Niba wabuze doze, ntugatinye kandi uganire na muganga wawe.
- Niba ufite ikibazo, impungenge, cyangwa gushidikanya ku nkingo, ntukemere amakuru atari yo kuri interineti, ahubwo baza muganga wawe.
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